Niobium strip: ntau lawm, khoom, daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Niobium yog cov tshuaj lom neeg nrog 41 tus lej xov tooj. Nws tau pom thawj zaug thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, tab sis nws qhov kev lees paub tau ncua los ntawm 150 xyoo. Tsuas yog xyoo 1950, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm International Union of Applied and Theoretical Chemistry, lub atom tau faib nws tus kheej ntawm tes hauv lub sijhawm ntawm Mendeleev.

Yuav kom siv cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom hauv kev lag luam, lub niobium sawb yog tsim los ntawm nws. Los ntawm nws tus kheej, nws tsis muaj dab tsi tshwj xeeb. Nws lub peev xwm tag nrho tau tshwm sim thaum tsim cov alloys, kev daws teeb meem thiab lwm yam kev sib xyaw.

Niobium mining

Txhim kho cov niobium ores yog txheej txheem nyuaj thiab kim heev. Qhov no yog vim nws cov ntsiab lus hauv ib tuj pob zeb tsis tshaj 24 grams. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub caij nyuaj heev kom paub qhov txawv ntawm tantalum vim muaj cov tshuaj lom neeg zoo sib xws.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso, nws tshwm sim tsuas yog nyob rau hauv tawg daim ntawv - nyob rau hauv igneous pob zeb thiab muaju, nrog rau cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm ib co minerals - pyrochlore, loparite, columbite-tantalite. Lub caij no ntawm lub rooj ntu ntu yog mined tsuas yog los ntawmnthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus. Kev tsim cov niobium muaj peb theem:

1. Tshawb pob zeb nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm niobium.
2. Kev sib cais ntawm niobium los ntawm tantalum, tau txais lawv cov tshuaj dawb huv.
3. Txhim kho thiab ua kom huv ntawm cov hlau thiab nws cov alloys los ntawm impurities.

Lub voj voog ntau lawm yog ua raws li cov txheej txheem kub kub uas siv txhuas, sodium lossis carbon. Ncaj nraim niobium strips yog tau los ntawm nias cov hmoov, sintering hmoov "cubes" nyob rau hauv lub nqus tsev vacuum, raws li zoo raws li hluav taws xob beam arc melting.

khoom siv tau zoo

Vim nws cov yam ntxwv zoo, niobium tau siv ntau hauv kev lag luam. Txhawm rau pab txhawb cov txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia lub ntsiab rau hauv cov qauv ntawm lub hauv paus muaj pes tsawg leeg, ntau yam khoom siv dov yog tsim, nrog rau niobium sawb. Lub ntsiab active ingredient nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog niobium carbide, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv kho tshuab.

Nws tsuas siv 200 grams ntawm niobium rau alloy ib tuj hlau. Lub resulting alloy yog txawv los ntawm siab hardness thiab ductility, tsawg brittleness, thiab zoo corrosion kuj. Lub caij tseem siv los tiv thaiv cov hlau tsis muaj hlau, tshwj xeeb yog txhuas, los ntawm alkalis thiab acids.

Siv niobium

Niobium sawb feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov hlau los ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau thiab ferrous hlau. Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv niobium yog foob pob hluav taws science, xov tooj cua thiab hluav taws xob engineering, tshuaj lom neegapparatus engineering, aviation thiab chaw engineering.

Kev siv cov hlau, lossis ntshiab, niobium yog vim muaj ntau yam ntawm nws cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig. Ntawm lawv, refractoriness, corrosion kuj, muaj peev xwm ua rau kom lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv conductive muaj peev xwm sawv tawm.

Qhov tshwj xeeb zoo uas cov niobium sawb muaj yuav luag xoom cuam tshuam nrog uranium isotopes ntawm qhov kub txog li 1100 degrees Celsius. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub atom muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg. Tag nrho cov no tso cai rau nws siv los tiv thaiv nuclear reactors, nrog rau cov thawv rau khaws cov roj hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob.

Niobium khoom

Cov khoom siv hlau niobium yog siv los ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev lag luam nuclear. Ntawm no, cov plhaub rau uranium thiab plutonium roj cov ntsiab lus, ntim rau khaws cov kua hlau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txais los ntawm nws.

Niobium cov khoom siv los tsim cov khoom siv hauv computer hnyav. Nrog nws cov kev pab, qhov tsis kam ntawm conductors raug txo, yog li tau txais cryotrons - superhigh-conductivity computer ntsiab. Hauv Austria, ib qho hlau ntawm cov nyiaj thiab niobium tau siv los mint cov nyiaj npib.