Innovative technologies ntawm buckwheat cultivation

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Buckwheat yog ib qho ntawm cov qoob loo nrov tshaj plaws hauv tebchaws Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, nrog rau qee lub tebchaws Esxias thiab European. Cov proteins uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov nplej zoo li no ua tiav ntau dua li ntawm lwm cov cereals. Cov qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo no, nrog rau txoj hauv kev rau kev lag luam, tuaj yeem siab heev.

Buckwheat grain yog dav siv hauv Slavic, Oriental thiab Fabkis cuisines. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cereal no suav hais tias yog tsob ntoo zib ntab zoo heev. Tau ntau txhiab xyoo, cov qoob loo no tau cog qoob loo los ntawm cov neeg ua teb los ntawm tes. Niaj hnub no, thaum loj hlob nws, ntawm chav kawm, tsheb laij teb, combines thiab ntau yam attachments yog siv. Thiab tau kawg, tam sim no, qee cov liaj teb hauv peb lub tebchaws siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev loj hlob buckwheat.

Yuav ua li cas yog txoj kev ib txwm

Siv cov tshuab pa, buckwheat tau loj hlob zoo li no:

• nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, nram qab nosau qoob, tsim tev ntawm av;
• caij nplooj ntoos hlav plowing;
• ua 2-3 cultivation nrog harrowing thiab dov;

• thaum tseb buckwheat nws tus kheej, nitrogen, phosphorus thiab potash chiv tau muab tso rau hauv av.

Kev cog qoob loo thaum siv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev cog qoob loo buckwheat yog nqa tawm tom qab cov av sov txog qhov kub ntawm +10 … + 12 ° C ntawm qhov tob ntawm 8-10 cm. kawg ntawm lub Tsib Hlis - pib lub Rau Hli. Thaum cog, cov noob cog rau hauv qhov tob ntawm 7-8 cm.

Traditional care technology

Tom qab tseb cov noob thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo, cov haujlwm hauv qab no tau ua:

• pre-muag 3-5 hnub tom qab sowing;
• pawg-muag haj yam nyob rau theem pom ntawm 1-2 nplooj;
• ob txoj kev kho mob sib txuas - nyob rau theem thib ob ntawm nplooj tiag tiag mus rau qhov tob ntawm 5-6 cm thiab nyob rau theem budding mus rau qhov tob ntawm 5-7 cm;

Thaum thib ob kev kho kab ke, fertilizing nrog nitrogenous chiv ntawm 20 kg / ha yog ua tiav. Qee lub sij hawm es tsis txhob muaj nitrogen muaj nyob rau ntawm buckwheat cog, UAN yog siv ntawm ib koob ntawm 20 kg / ha nrog rau kev loj hlob regulators. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm clogging hnyav, herbicides yog siv.

Yuav ua li cas niaj hnub no yog nrov

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo no yog kev ua haujlwm siab thiab cov khoom siv thaum npaj ua ntej sowing, thiab txausloj qoob loo poob thaum sau. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab rau kev loj hlob buckwheat tso cai rau koj los tswj kev tsim ntawm nws cov qoob loo, nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm cov nplej. Thaum siv cov tswv yim zoo li no, qib kev siv peev txheej nce ntxiv:

• khoom;
• labor;
• Agro-climatic.

Cov thev naus laus zis hauv qab no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev cog qoob loo, piv txwv li:

• resource-saving;
• combined;
• nrog tseb hauv ob nqe lus.

Prototype yog lwm lub npe rau thawj qhov kev tsim kho tshiab. Lub tshuab cultivating buckwheat raws li txoj kev no yog siv nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws niaj hnub no los ntawm ntau lub teb. Cov txheej txheem sib xyaw ua ke muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm tillage thiab cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm sowing. Kev poob ntawm cov nplej thaum siv cov txheej txheem no tsawg heev. Txoj hauv kev kawg kom loj hlob buckwheat suav nrog kev cog qoob loo hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav hauv ob nqe lus.

Kev txuag nyiaj txiag: cog

Thaum siv cov cuab yeej niaj hnub no ntawm kev cog qoob loo buckwheat, cov haujlwm hauv qab no tau ua ua ntej cog:

• caij nplooj zeeg plowing mus rau qhov tob ntawm 20-22 cm lossis nto thiab tiaj tiaj ua tiav;
• kev kho ua ntej sowing;
• -Sau qoob loo nrog harrowing thiab dov thaum maj mam tshwm sim.

Yog tias cov teb uas siv cov txheej txheem no tau ua tiav nrog cov cutters tiaj tus, nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv tau dov nrog rab koob. Fertilizers nyob rau hauv cov av nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlavthaum siv cov txheej txheem no, lawv pab peb zaug:

• ua ntej tseb;
• nyob rau hauv kab thaum tseb;
• 15 hnub tom qab cog.

Txoj kev cog qoob loo hauv qhov no kuj tuaj yeem siv kab lossis kab dav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov noob tau faus rau hauv av los ntawm 5-6 cm.

kev saib xyuas qoob loo siv cov cuab yeej txuag nyiaj

Thaum siv cov txheej txheem no, buckwheat tsuas yog pub ib zaug thaum lub caij loj hlob - ua ntej paj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, raws li nyob rau hauv ib txwm txoj kev, nitrogenous los yog complex chiv yog siv. Kev saib xyuas thaum siv cov cuab yeej no rau kev loj hlob buckwheat yog raws li hauv qab no:

• post-sowing ntim;
• pre-emergence harrowing thiab thaum tsim kab;
• kev ua kab sib nrug.

Txhawm rau kom pollination zoo dua ntawm paj, thaum siv cov txheej txheem no, khaus khaus tau teeb tsa hauv thaj teb nrog buckwheat. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv raug coj tuaj 1-2 hnub ua ntej qhib lub buds. 2-3 tsev neeg tag nrho yog muab tso rau ntawm 1 ha ntawm cog. Nruab qhov khaus tsis pub dhau 0.5 km ntawm cov qoob loo. Txoj kev ntawm kev sau buckwheat thaum siv cov txheej txheem no yog siv nyias. Pib cov txheej txheem no thaum 75% ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog xim av.

Yuav ua li cas yog txoj kev ntxuav cais

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov cuab yeej feem ntau yog tsav tawm mus rau cov teb nrog buckwheat ob peb hnub ua ntej tshaj thaum siv txoj kev sib txuas ncaj qha. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov nroj tsuag yog mowed nrog ib tug harvester thiab dov mus rau hauv yob. Ua li no,buckwheat yog qhuav thiab maj mam tag nrho ripens. 2-3 hnub tom qab sau qoob, cov txheej txheem threshing pib pib. Txoj kev no tso cai rau txo qhov poob ntawm buckwheat grain, piv nrog kev sib txuas ncaj qha, qee zaum. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no, ib feem ntawm cov qoob loo tseem poob.

Flaws of technology

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm tus qauv - rov qab rau xyoo pua dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb Soviet tau tshawb fawb los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm buckwheat - nrog rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj, yog sowing hauv ib zaug. Hauv qhov no, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txo qis, piv txwv li, vim huab cua qhuav thaum lub sijhawm paj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov tsis sib xws pollination, uas cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam zoo ntawm cov nplej. Thaum cov khaus khaus nyob ze ntawm thaj teb, cov muv nyiam mus xyuas cov nroj tsuag ze tshaj plaws. Loj hlob ze rau qhov chaw, buckwheat yog pollinated, thiab, raws li, ripens tom qab.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov qauv qauv, nrog rau cov qauv ib txwm muaj, kuj tseem ceeb heev thaum lub sijhawm sau qoob loo. Sib cais cov txheej txheem sau qoob loo ntau dua li kev sib xyaw ncaj qha. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib feem ntawm nws, raws li twb tau hais, tseem nyob rau hauv lub teb.

ob lub sij hawm sowing method

Thaum siv cov thev naus laus zis no cog qoob loo, buckwheat tau cog thawj zaug rau lub Tsib Hlis 25-29, thaum tseem muaj cov av noo ntau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Qhov thib ob sowing yog ua tiav nyob rau lub rau hli ntuj 7-10 thaum pib ntawm sustainable warming. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug ntawm cov blooms nrog ib tug high degree ntawm qhov tshwm simcoincides nrog huab cua zoo.

Lub sijhawm zoo, thaum siv cov cuab yeej no, cov muv nrog muv raug coj mus rau tom teb thiab muab tso rau pem hauv ntej hauv ib kab raws li qhov chaw. Tom ntej no, cov khoom siv pollination yog ua 3-4 zaug siv, piv txwv li, ib qho shovel nrog rau pem hauv ntej-kawg ua haujlwm. Thaum ua haujlwm zoo li no, huab cua thiab kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov nroj tsuag tau muab, vim tias qhov kev ua haujlwm hla-pollination tshwm sim. Yog li ntawd, uniform maturation ntawm grain nyob rau hauv lub teb yog tiav, uas txhim kho nws zoo thiab txo qhov poob. Kev sau qoob loo siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab ntawm kev cog qoob loo buckwheat yog ua nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev sib cais.

Kev sib xyaw ua ke

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, buckwheat cog cov khoom yog cog rau hauv teb ib zaug txhua ob xyoos. Hauv qhov no, sowing yog nqa tawm tom qab hnub. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tshem tawm tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm yield txo vim rov frosts. Buckwheat kev saib xyuas thaum siv cov cuab yeej no yog tus qauv. Kev sau qoob loo hauv thawj xyoo ntawm kev cog qoob loo yog nqa los ntawm kev sib txuas ncaj qha. Qhov tshwm sim yog tias cov carrion tau faib ncaj ncaj thoob plaws hauv thaj teb.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ntawm ib thaj teb nrog buckwheat, ua ntej nws germination, harrowing yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau txais seedlings nrog ib tug ceev ntawm 2-3 lab nroj tsuag ib 1 ha. Ntawd yog, cov av hauv xyoo ob xyaum tsis tas yuav tsum tau cog qoob loo, uas txo cov nqi ntawm kev loj hlob qoob loo. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum siv txoj kev no, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob tau txais kev cawmdim.

Thaum thov qhov notechnologies ntawm loj hlob buckwheat, kev saib xyuas rau cov nroj tsuag yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv ib txwm txoj kev. Kev sau qoob loo hauv xyoo thib ob yog ua raws li ib txoj kev cais. Tom qab ntawd, lub voj voog ob xyoos ntawm kev loj hlob buckwheat yog rov ua dua. Nws ntseeg tias txoj kev cog qoob loo no tso cai rau cov qoob loo no nce ntxiv 3-4 c/ha.

yam ntxwv ntawm buckwheat

tsob ntoo no tau cog qoob loo los ntawm tib neeg tau ntau txhiab xyoo. Ntawm chav kawm, cov yam ntxwv lom ntawm buckwheat kuj tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo no. Cov nroj tsuag kev ua liaj ua teb no txawv ntawm ntau lwm cov cereals nrov hauv peb lub teb chaws uas nws nyiam noo noo heev. Thaum loj hlob, cov qoob loo no noj, piv txwv li, 2 zaug dej ntau dua cov nplej, thiab 3 zaug ntau dua cov nplej.

Lub caij cog qoob loo rau buckwheat luv heev. Nws tuaj yeem tawg tau ntawm qhov kub ntawm + 7 … + 8 ° C. Txawm li cas los xij, ib txhij yub ntawm buckwheat tshwm sim thaum huab cua sov txog + 15 … + 22 ° C. Qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws rau kev cog qoob loo no suav tias yog + 16 … + 18 ° C. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, buckwheat txhim kho zoo tshaj plaws thiab dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov dej noo ntau dua 50%.

Nyob

Cov hauv paus tsis muaj zog kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm buckwheat biology. Cov cuab yeej ntawm kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov qoob loo no yuav tsum, ntawm chav kawm, muab rau qhov tseem ceeb thiab. Cov nroj tsuag no loj hlob sai heev thiab nquag. Yog li ntawd, thaum loj hlob nws, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau siv ntau hom kev hnav khaub ncaws sab saum toj. Tom qab tag nrho, kom sau ib tug txaus tus nqi ntawm cov as-ham, tsis muaj zog buckwheat keeb kwm los ntawm cov av tsis zoo tsuas yog ua tsis tautau.

Nco ntsoov tias kom tau txais qoob loo zoo li no rau ib lub caij, nws yuav tsum tau siv 1 tuj nplej rau hauv av:

• nitrogen - 44 kg;
• phosphorus - 30 kg;
• potassium - 75 kg.

Precursors

Vim tias buckwheat yog ib qho kev xav tau heev ntawm cov av zoo, qhov chaw rau nws cog qoob loo yuav tsum tau xaiv kom zoo zoo li sai tau. Nws ntseeg tau tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej rau cov cog qoob loo no yog:

• legumes;
• beets;
• linen;
• kab qoob loo.

Nyob hauv cheeb tsam qhuav, buckwheat feem ntau cog rau hauv qhov chaw liab qab.