Ytterbium fiber ntau laser: ntaus ntawv, kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus, lub zog, ntau lawm, daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Fiber lasers yog compact thiab rugged, taw tes precisely thiab dissipate thermal zog yooj yim. Lawv tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom thiab, thaum muaj ntau yam sib xws nrog lwm hom optical quantum generators, muaj lawv tus kheej zoo.

Fiber lasers: lawv ua haujlwm li cas

Cov khoom siv ntawm hom no yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm tus qauv khoom-lub xeev ntawm cov hluav taws xob sib txuas nrog lub nruab nrab ua haujlwm ua los ntawm fiber ntau dua li tus pas nrig, phaj lossis disk. Lub teeb yog generated los ntawm ib tug dopant nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub fiber. Cov qauv yooj yim tuaj yeem ua los ntawm qhov yooj yim mus rau qhov nyuaj heev. Kev tsim ntawm ytterbium fiber ntau laser yog xws li cov fiber ntau muaj qhov loj ntawm qhov sib piv rau qhov ntim, yog li cov cua sov tuaj yeem dissipated kuj yooj yim.

Fiber lasers yog optically pumped, feem ntau yog los ntawm diode quantum generators, tab sis qee zaum los ntawm tib qhov chaw. Cov optics siv hauv cov tshuab no feem ntau yog cov khoom siv fiber ntau, nrog rau feem ntau lossis tag nrho lawv txuas rau ib leeg. Hauv qee kisvolumetric optics tau siv, thiab qee zaum ib qho khoom siv fiber ntau sab hauv yog ua ke nrog cov khoom siv sab nraud.

Lub hauv paus ntawm diode twj tso kua mis tuaj yeem yog diode, matrix, lossis ntau qhov ntawm tus kheej diodes, txhua qhov txuas nrog lub connector los ntawm fiber optic teeb qhia. Cov doped fiber ntau muaj kab noj hniav resonator daim iav ntawm txhua qhov kawg - hauv kev xyaum, Bragg gratings yog ua nyob rau hauv fiber. Tsis muaj cov khoom siv kho qhov muag ntawm qhov kawg, tshwj tsis yog cov kab hluav taws xob tso tawm mus rau lwm yam uas tsis yog fiber ntau. Daim ntawv qhia lub teeb tuaj yeem sib tw, yog tias xav tau, lub laser kab noj hniav tuaj yeem ntev li ob peb meters.

Dual core structure

Cov qauv ntawm fiber ntau siv hauv fiber ntau lasers yog qhov tseem ceeb. Qhov feem ntau geometry yog cov qauv dual-core. Cov tub ntxhais sab nraud uas tsis tau hloov pauv (qee zaum hu ua cov cladding sab hauv) khaws lub teeb pom kev zoo thiab coj nws raws cov fiber ntau. Lub zog emission generated nyob rau hauv fiber ntau dhau los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, uas feem ntau yog ib hom. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb muaj ib qho ytterbium dopant stimulated los ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo. Muaj ntau ntau cov duab uas tsis yog lub voj voog ntawm cov tub ntxhais sab nraud, suav nrog hexagonal, D-shaped, thiab cov duab plaub, uas txo qis txoj hauv kev ntawm lub teeb pom kev ploj ntawm lub hauv paus tseem ceeb.

Lub laser fiber ntau tuaj yeem ua tiav- lossis sab-tso. Hauv thawj kis, lub teeb los ntawm ib lossis ntau qhov chaw nkag mus rau qhov kawg ntawm cov fiber ntau. Nyob rau sab twj tso kua mis, lub teeb yog pub rau hauv lub splitter, uas muab nws mus rau sab nraud. nwstxawv ntawm tus pas nrig laser, qhov twg lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw mus rau axis.

Qhov kev daws teeb meem no xav tau kev tsim kho ntau yam. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yog them rau kev tsav tsheb twj tso kua mis rau hauv cov tub ntxhais los tsim cov pej xeem inversion uas ua rau muaj kev txhawb nqa emission nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus. Cov tub ntxhais laser tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nthuav dav nyob ntawm qhov doping ntawm fiber ntau, nrog rau nws qhov ntev. Cov yam tseem ceeb no tau hloov kho los ntawm tus kws tsim qauv tsim kom tau txais qhov yuav tsum tau ua.

Cov kev txwv fais fab yuav tshwm sim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum ua haujlwm hauv ib hom fiber ntau. Xws li ib tug tub ntxhais muaj ib tug me me heev cross-sectional cheeb tsam, thiab raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub teeb ntawm kev siv zog heev dhau los ntawm nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis yog-linear Brillouin tawg ua ntau dua thiab pom ntau dua, uas txwv lub zog tso tawm mus rau ntau txhiab watts. Yog tias lub teeb liab tso zis siab txaus, qhov kawg ntawm fiber ntau yuav puas.

Ntawm ntawm fiber ntau lasers

Siv fiber ntau raws li qhov nruab nrab ua haujlwm muab qhov sib cuam tshuam ntev uas ua haujlwm zoo nrog diode twj. Qhov geometry no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm photon siab nrog rau cov qauv tsim rugged thiab compact uas tsis muaj qhov sib txawv optics los kho lossis kho.

Lub laser fiber ntau, uas nws lub cuab yeej tso cai rau nws hloov tau zoo, tuaj yeem hloov kho ob qho tib si rau vuam tuab cov ntawv hlau thiab ua rau femtosecond pulses. Fiber-optic amplifiers muab ib qho kev nthuav tawm ib zaug thiab siv hauv kev sib txuas lus vim tias lawv muaj peev xwm nthuav dav ntau lub wavelengths ib txhij. Tib qhov nce yog siv nyob rau hauv lub zog amplifiers nrog tus tswv oscillator. Qee zaum, lub amplifier tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog CW laser.

Ib qho piv txwv yog fiber ntau-amplified spontaneous emission qhov chaw nyob rau hauv uas stimulated emission yog suppressed. Lwm qhov piv txwv yog Raman fiber ntau laser nrog kev sib txuas ua ke, uas cuam tshuam qhov wavelength. Nws tau pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev tshawb fawb, qhov twg fluoride iav fibers yog siv rau Raman tiam thiab amplification, es tsis yog standard quartz fibers.

Txawm li cas los xij, raws li txoj cai, cov fibers yog ua los ntawm quartz iav nrog lub ntiaj teb tsis tshua muaj dopant hauv cov tub ntxhais. Lub ntsiab additives yog ytterbium thiab erbium. Ytterbium muaj wavelengths los ntawm 1030 mus rau 1080 nm thiab tuaj yeem tawg ntau dua. Kev siv 940 nm diode nqus tau txo qis photon tsis txaus. Ytterbium tsis muaj ib qho ntawm nws tus kheej-quenching teebmeem uas neodymium muaj nyob rau hauv high densities, yog li neodymium yog siv nyob rau hauv tej lasers thiab ytterbium nyob rau hauv fiber ntau lasers (lawv ob leeg muab roughly tib lub wavelength).

Erbium tawm hauv thaj tsam ntawm 1530-1620 nm, uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau lub qhov muag. Qhov zaus tuaj yeem ua ob npaug los tsim lub teeb ntawm 780 nm, uas tsis muaj rau lwm hom fiber ntau lasers. Thaum kawg, ytterbium tuaj yeem ntxiv rau erbium hauv txoj hauv kev uas lub caij yuav nqus tautwj tso kua mis hluav taws xob thiab hloov lub zog no mus rau erbium. Thulium yog lwm qhov ze-infrared dopant, uas yog li khoom siv qhov muag zoo.

High efficiency

Lub laser fiber ntau yog quasi-peb-theem system. Lub twj tso kua mis photon excites qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub xeev hauv av mus rau qib siab. Ib qho kev hloov pauv laser yog ib qho kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov qis tshaj ntawm qib siab mus rau ib qho ntawm cov av sib cais. Qhov no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: piv txwv li, ytterbium nrog lub twj tso kua mis 940 nm photon emits photon nrog lub wavelength ntawm 1030 nm thiab quantum defect (zog poob) tsuas yog li 9%.

Hauv qhov sib piv, neodymium pumped ntawm 808nm poob txog 24% ntawm nws lub zog. Yog li, ytterbium inherently muaj kev ua tau zoo dua, tab sis tsis yog txhua yam ntawm nws ua tiav vim qhov poob ntawm qee qhov photons. Yb tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ntau zaus bands, thaum erbium tuaj yeem nqus tau ntawm 1480 lossis 980 nm. Ntau zaus tsis zoo npaum li qhov tsis xws ntawm photon, tab sis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txawm tias qhov no vim tias qhov chaw zoo dua muaj nyob ntawm 980nm.

Feem ntau, kev ua haujlwm ntawm fiber ntau laser yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm ob kauj ruam txheej txheem. Ua ntej, qhov no yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub twj tso kua mis diode. Semiconductor qhov chaw ntawm coherent hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, nrog 50% kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev hloov hluav taws xob teeb liab rau hauv qhov muag pom. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshawb fawb hauv chav kuaj pom tias nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav tus nqi ntawm 70% lossis ntau dua. Nrog rau qhov tseeb match ntawm cov zis hluav taws xob kabfiber ntau laser nqus thiab siab twj efficiency.

Thib ob yog qhov kho qhov muag-optical conversion efficiency. Nrog rau qhov teeb meem me me photon, qib siab ntawm excitation thiab extraction efficiency tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog kev hloov kho qhov muag ntawm 60-70%. Qhov ua tau zoo yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 25-35%.

Ntau yam teeb tsa

Fiber-optic quantum generators ntawm cov hluav taws xob tas mus li tuaj yeem ua ib leeg lossis ntau hom (rau hom kev hloov pauv). Ib hom lasers tsim ib lub teeb zoo rau cov ntaub ntawv kev khiav hauj lwm lossis beaming los ntawm huab cua, thaum ntau hom fiber ntau lasers tuaj yeem tsim lub zog siab. Qhov no yog siv rau kev txiav thiab vuam, thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev kho cua sov qhov chaw loj yog illuminated.

Lub sijhawm ntev-pulse fiber ntau laser yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua, feem ntau ua rau millisecond-hom pulses. Feem ntau, nws lub voj voog ua haujlwm yog 10%. Qhov no ua rau lub zog siab siab dua li hauv hom txuas ntxiv (feem ntau kaum zaus ntau dua) uas yog siv rau pulse drilling, piv txwv li. Qhov zaus tuaj yeem ncav cuag 500 Hz, nyob ntawm lub sijhawm.

Q-hloov hauv fiber ntau lasers ua haujlwm tib yam li hauv cov lasers ntau. Lub sijhawm pulse zoo nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm nanoseconds rau microseconds. Qhov ntev ntawm cov fiber ntau, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua rau Q-hloov cov zis, ua rau cov mem tes ntev.

Fiber zog ua rau qee qhov kev txwv ntawm Q-hloov pauv. Qhov tsis yog-linearity ntawm fiber ntau laser yog qhov tseem ceeb dua vim yog qhov me me hla ntu ntawm cov tub ntxhais, yog li lub ncov lub zog yuav tsum yog me ntsis txwv. Ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob Q hloov tau siv tau, uas muab kev ua haujlwm zoo dua, lossis fiber ntau modulators, uas txuas nrog rau qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev ua haujlwm.

Q-hloov pulses tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog hauv fiber ntau lossis hauv kab noj hniav resonator. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov kawg tuaj yeem pom ntawm National Nuclear Test Simulation Facility (NIF, Livermore, CA), qhov twg ytterbium fiber ntau laser yog tus tswv oscillator rau 192 kab teeb. Me pulses nyob rau hauv loj doped iav slabs yog amplified rau megajoules.

Nyob rau hauv xauv fiber ntau lasers, tus nqi rov ua dua nyob ntawm qhov ntev ntawm cov khoom nce, xws li hauv lwm hom kev kaw lus, thiab lub sijhawm mem tes nyob ntawm qhov nce bandwidth. Qhov luv tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv 50 fs ntau thiab feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv 100 fs ntau.

Muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm erbium thiab ytterbium fibers, vim tias lawv ua haujlwm hauv ntau hom kev sib txawv. Erbium-doped fibers emit ntawm 1550 nm nyob rau hauv anomalous dispersion cheeb tsam. Qhov no tso cai rau kev tsim cov solitons. Ytterbium fibers yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam ntawm qhov zoo los yog ib txwm dispersion; Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lawv tsim cov pulses nrog cov lus hais tawm linear modulation zaus. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj Bragg grating los ua kom lub siab ntev.

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los hloov kho fiber ntau laser pulses, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tshawb fawb picosecond ultrafast. Photonic siv lead ua fibers tuaj yeem ua nrog cov cores me me los tsim cov teebmeem tsis muaj zog, xws li supercontinuum tiam. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, photonic crystals kuj yuav ua tau nrog ib tug loj heev ib hom cores kom tsis txhob muaj-linear teebmeem ntawm high powers.

Yooj yim loj cov tub ntxhais photonic siv lead ua fibers yog tsim los rau kev siv hluav taws xob siab. Ib qho txheej txheem yog txhob txwm khoov xws li cov fiber ntau kom tshem tawm cov kev txiav txim siab siab dua yam tsis xav tau thaum khaws cia tsuas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv. Lub non-linearity tsim harmonics; los ntawm kev rho tawm thiab ntxiv cov zaus, luv thiab ntev nthwv dej tuaj yeem tsim tau. Cov teebmeem nonlinear kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov pulses, uas ua rau cov zaus combs.

Raws li qhov chaw supercontinuum, luv luv pulses tsim qhov dav txuas ntxiv siv tus kheej-theem hloov kho. Piv txwv li, los ntawm thawj 6 ps pulses ntawm 1050 nm uas ytterbium fiber ntau laser tsim, ib spectrum tau txais nyob rau hauv qhov ntau ntawm ultraviolet mus rau ntau tshaj 1600 nm. Lwm qhov supercontinuum IR yog pumped nrog erbium qhov chaw ntawm 1550 nm.

siab zog

Kev lag luam tam sim no yog cov neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm fiber ntau lasers. Lub zog yog nyob rau hauv siab xav tau tam sim no.txog ib kilowatt, siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam automotive. Kev lag luam automotive yog txav mus rau high-strength steel tsheb kom ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom ntev thiab ua lub teeb rau kev lag luam roj zoo dua. Nws yog qhov nyuaj heev rau cov cuab yeej siv tshuab zoo tib yam, piv txwv li, txhawm rau txhawm rau hauv cov hlau no, tab sis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas ua rau nws yooj yim.

Txiav cov hlau nrog fiber ntau laser, piv rau lwm hom quantum generators, muaj ntau qhov zoo. Piv txwv li, nyob ze infrared wavelengths zoo absorbed los ntawm hlau. Cov nqaj tuaj yeem xa tawm hla cov fiber ntau, tso cai rau cov neeg hlau yooj yim txav kom pom tseeb thaum txiav thiab drilling.

Fiber ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lub zog siab tshaj plaws. Lub US Navy riam phom sim nyob rau hauv 2014 muaj 6-fiber 5.5-kW lasers ua ke rau hauv ib lub teeb thiab emitting los ntawm ib tug tsim kho qhov muag system. Chav tsev 33 kW tau siv los rhuav tshem lub tsheb tsis muaj neeg tsav dav hlau. Txawm hais tias lub nqaj tsis yog ib hom, qhov system yog qhov nthuav vim nws tso cai rau koj los tsim cov fiber ntau laser nrog koj tus kheej tes los ntawm tus qauv, cov khoom siv tau yooj yim.

Lub zog siab tshaj plaws ib hom teeb pom kev zoo los ntawm IPG Photonics yog 10 kW. Tus tswv oscillator tsim ib kilowatt ntawm optical zog, uas yog pub rau hauv lub amplifier theem pumped ntawm 1018 nm nrog lub teeb los ntawm lwm yam fiber ntau lasers. Tag nrho lub cev yog qhov loj ntawm ob lub tub yees.

Kev siv fiber ntau lasers kuj tau kis mus rau high-power txiav thiab vuam. Piv txwv li, lawv hloovtsis kam vuam ntawm cov ntawv hlau, daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov khoom deformation. Kev tswj fais fab thiab lwm yam tsis pub dhau kev txiav cov nkhaus, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov fab.

Lub zog ntau hom fiber ntau laser - lub tshuab txiav hlau los ntawm tib lub chaw tsim khoom - ncav cuag 100 kW. Lub kaw lus yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob tsis sib xws, yog li nws tsis yog lub teeb pom kev zoo. Qhov ntev no ua rau fiber ntau lasers txaus nyiam rau kev lag luam.

pob zeb drilling

4KW ntau hom fiber ntau laser tuaj yeem siv rau kev txiav thiab drilling. Vim li cas qhov no xav tau? Thaum cov engineers tab tom sim ua kom tiav av qeeg nyob rau hauv cov tsev uas twb muaj lawm, ib tug yuav tsum tau ceev faj heev nrog cov pob zeb. Yog hais tias steel reinforcement raug ntsia rau hauv nws, piv txwv li, cov pa rauj drilling tuaj yeem tawg thiab ua rau cov pob zeb tsis muaj zog, tab sis fiber ntau lasers txiav nws yam tsis muaj crushing.

Quantum generators nrog Q-hloov fiber ntau yog siv, piv txwv li, rau kev cim lossis hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor. Lawv kuj tau siv nyob rau hauv rangefinders: tes-sized modules muaj qhov muag-safe fiber lasers nrog lub hwj chim ntawm 4 kW, ib zaus ntawm 50 kHz thiab ib tug mem tes dav ntawm 5-15 ns.

kho qhov chaw

Muaj kev txaus siab rau cov lasers me me rau micro- thiab nanomachining. Thaum tshem tawm cov txheej txheej saum npoo, yog tias lub sijhawm mem tes luv dua 35 ps, tsis muaj qhov tawg ntawm cov khoom. Qhov no tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm kev nyuaj siab thiablwm yam khoom uas tsis xav tau. Femtosecond pulses tsim cov teebmeem uas tsis yog-linear uas tsis hnov ntxhiab rau lub wavelength thiab tsis ua kom sov ntawm qhov chaw ib puag ncig, tso cai rau kev ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj loj lossis tsis muaj zog ntawm cov cheeb tsam ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov yuav raug txiav ntawm qhov tob-rau-dav qhov sib piv, xws li sai sai (hauv milliseconds) ua qhov me me hauv 1 hli stainless hlau siv 800 fs pulses ntawm 1 MHz.

Tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho saum npoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pob tshab xws li tib neeg lub qhov muag. Txhawm rau txiav lub ntsej muag hauv qhov muag microsurgery, femtosecond pulses yog nruj me ntsis los ntawm lub hom phiaj siab aperture ntawm ib qho chaw hauv qab ntawm lub qhov muag, tsis ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau saum npoo, tab sis rhuav tshem cov khoom ntawm lub qhov muag ntawm qhov tob tswj. Lub ntsej muag du ntawm lub cornea, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev pom, tseem nyob twj ywm. Lub flap, sib cais los ntawm hauv qab no, tuaj yeem rub tawm rau saum npoo excimer laser lens tsim. Lwm daim ntawv thov kev kho mob suav nrog kev phais qhov tob tob hauv dermatology, thiab siv qee hom kho qhov muag coherence tomography.

Femtosecond lasers

Femtosecond quantum generators yog siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb rau excitation spectroscopy nrog laser tawg, lub sij hawm daws teeb meem fluorescence spectroscopy, nrog rau kev tshawb fawb cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv xav tau kev tsim cov femtosecond zauscombs xav tau nyob rau hauv metrology thiab kev tshawb fawb dav dav. Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv thov tiag tiag hauv lub sijhawm luv luv yuav yog lub moos atomic rau lub cim ntxiv rau GPS satellites, uas yuav txhim kho qhov chaw raug.

Ib zaus fiber ntau laser yog tsim nrog spectral linewidth tsawg dua 1 kHz. Nws yog ib qho khoom siv me me zoo nkauj nrog cov zis hluav taws xob xws li 10mW txog 1W. Nws pom daim ntawv thov hauv kev sib txuas lus, kev ntsuas ntsuas (piv txwv li, hauv fiber ntau gyroscopes) thiab spectroscopy.

Yuav ua li cas ntxiv?

Raws li rau lwm daim ntawv thov R&D, ntau ntxiv tau raug tshawb nrhiav. Piv txwv li, kev txhim kho tub rog uas tuaj yeem siv rau lwm qhov chaw, uas muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau laser beam kom tau txais ib lub teeb pom kev zoo siv coherent lossis spectral ua ke. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, ntau lub zog tau ua tiav nyob rau hauv ib hom kab teeb.

Kev tsim cov fiber ntau lasers tau loj hlob sai, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam tsheb. Cov khoom siv tsis muaj fiber ntau kuj tau hloov nrog cov fiber ntau. Ntxiv rau qhov kev txhim kho dav dav hauv cov nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm, femtosecond quantum generators thiab supercontinuum qhov chaw tau dhau los ua qhov ua tau zoo. Fiber lasers tau dhau los ua niche thiab tau dhau los ua qhov kev txhim kho rau lwm hom lasers.