Niobium ntawv ci: ntau lawm thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tsis yog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm tau txais lawv lub hlwb tam sim tom qab qhib. Piv txwv li, niobium. Nws tau pom nyob rau hauv 1800, tab sis pom tau tias tom qab 150 xyoo. Hauv kev lag luam, niobium ntawv ci tau nyob hauv ib qho niche thiab ntxiv dag zog rau nws tus kheej hauv nws, vim nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nws lub peev xwm tau tshwm sim thaum siv los ua cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov alloys, kev daws teeb meem thiab tshuaj sib tov.

Niobium mining

1 tuj ntawm ore tsuas muaj 24 g ntawm cov khoom ntshiab. Yog li ntawd, kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom siv raw yog suav tias yog cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis uas kim thiab nyuaj. Lub ntsiab deposits ntawm niobium yog nyob rau hauv Canada, Brazil, Australia thiab ob peb lub teb chaws African.

Nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso, lub caij tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug diffuse daim ntawv. Yeej, niobium "nyob" nyob rau hauv igneous pob zeb thiab ntau yam muaju. Qee cov zaub mov muaj feem me me ntawm cov khoom: pyrochlore, tantalite, loparite.

Niobium ntawv ci yog qhov xav tau zoo. Kev tsim cov khoom tseem ceeb tau muab faib ua 3 theem:

• tshawb pom cov ore nrog feem pua ntawm niobium thiab nws cov khoom siv;
• sib cais ntawm qhov xav tau thiab tantalum, uas lawv muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws;
• ntxuav cov hlau thiab alloys los ntawm impurities thiab lawv rov qab.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb yog:

• aluminium;
• sodium;
• carbon;
• siab kub.

Ntse

Ntau lub lag luam tau txais cov hlau no. Rolled cov khoom, nrog rau niobium ntawv ci, pab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev qhia lub ntsiab tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus compositions. Thoob plaws hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, niobium carbide tau siv, uas tuaj yeem hloov pauv cov khoom ntawm cov hlau thiab cuam tshuam rau lawv cov yam ntxwv zoo.

Qhov tsim txiaj ntawm cov khoom no hu ua:

• refractory;
• corrosion resistance;
• txhim kho cov cua sov ntawm cov khoom thiab lawv cov peev xwm ua tau zoo.

Alloying 1 tuj ntawm steel tsuas yog 200 g ntawm cov khoom xyaw nquag. Niobium ntawv ci nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom tiav. Cov hlau zoo sib xws yog qhov txawv ntawm:

• nce hardness;
• Yplasticity;
• txhim kho corrosion kuj;
• txoov brittleness.

Niobium muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov hlau tsis muaj hlau los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kua qaub thiab alkalis. Thaum tsim ntau yam khoom siv thiab cov qauv, nws yog cov hlau no siv,ua tsaug rau nws cov khoom tiv thaiv.

siv hlau thiab tsim khoom

Niobium ntawv nyiaj feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib tsoo uas tsis yog-ferrous thiab ferrous alloys.

Kev lag luam tseem ceeb uas siv cov tshuaj lom neeg tshwj xeeb:

• space technology;
• aerospace engineering;
• hluav taws xob thiab xov tooj cua engineering;
• chemical apparatus engineering.

Qhov txawv ntawm niobium band nyob rau hauv qhov tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov teeb meem nrog uranium ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 1000 ° C.

Cov yam ntxwv zoo tso cai rau kev siv niobium los tiv thaiv lub reactor nuclear. Lub caij tseem txo qis qhov tsis kam ntawm tus neeg xyuas pib kom tau txais cryotrons.

Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab "tus neeg ua haujlwm" ntawm kev lag luam nuclear yog niobium foil. Siv nws tso cai rau koj los tsim cov thawv rau cov kua thiab cov xov tooj cua.