Ntawm silage harvesting technologies
Ntawm silage harvesting technologies

Video: Ntawm silage harvesting technologies

Video: Ntawm silage harvesting technologies
Video: TSIS YOG PEB UA HAUJ LWM ZOO .\\ N.TSHUAV NUM |\ N.IAM VAJ XOB \\ N.TXOOV KAV NKAUJ 2023 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Tau ntau xyoo lawm, silage tau ua thiab tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov zaub ntsuab ntsuab rau tsiaj thiab noog. Nws khav tsis tau tsuas yog muaj calorie ntau ntau, tab sis kuj muaj ntau cov vitamins, kab kawm. Yog li ntawd, nws cov kev siv tsis tu ncua muab kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab qhov hnyav nce. Yog li txhua tus neeg uas nws cov dej num muaj feem xyuam nrog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev ua liaj ua teb nqaij qaib yuav tsum paub txog kev siv tshuab silage harvesting.

Yuav ua li cas yog lub silo?

Ua ntej tshaj, koj yuav tsum paub seb lub silo yog dab tsi. Cov no yog cov nroj tsuag ntsuab khaws cia rau hauv txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Hauv chav kawm ntawm cov kaus poom, tsis yog tsuas yog siv cov lactic acid uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov stems thiab nplooj ntawm qee qhov ntawm lawv, tab sis kuj tseem siv cov tshuaj tshwj xeeb uas ua kom cov txheej txheem fermentation.

Khoom noj khoom haus zoo
Khoom noj khoom haus zoo

Kev sau qoob yuav siv sij hawm me ntsis thiab tsis nyob ntawm huab cua, tsis zoo li, piv txwv li, quav nyab thiab haylage. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, silage tuaj yeem khaws cia rau ntau lub hlis thiab txawm tias ntau xyoo. Yog tias cov cuab yeej khaws cia tsis ua txhaum, ces nws cov khoom noj khoom haustshuaj yuav tsis ploj. Qhov tshwj xeeb muaj pes tsawg leeg nyob ntawm seb hom zaub ntsuab twg tau siv hauv ensiling.

Kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog tsis tsuas yog xaiv cov nroj tsuag kom raug, tab sis kuj yuav tsum tau twv kom raug raws sij hawm thiab xaiv qhov kev faib ua feem tsim nyog. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no nws yuav ua tau kom tau txais cov khoom noj zoo uas muab cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb thiab cov noog nrog tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog thiab calories.

Kev faib cov nroj tsuag los ntawm kev nrawm nrawm

Cov kws tshaj lij koom nrog hauv kev txhim kho silage harvesting technology tau ntev muab cov nroj tsuag feem ntau ua peb pawg raws li qib ntawm silage. Lawv hu ua yooj yim thiab tsis xav tsis thoob: yooj yim, nyuaj thiab tsis-silos. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum xaiv cov khoom siv raw zoo kom zoo kom tsis txhob ua yuam kev uas ua rau cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom siv raw. Nov yog qee qhov piv txwv tshwj xeeb.

Cov qoob loo yooj yim, piv txwv li, suav nrog pob kws, nyom, taum-nyom mash, paj noob hlis, nplooj zaub qhwv, taub dag, qos yaj ywm, thiab txiv kab ntxwv. Lawv tsim nyog rau kev npaj zaub mov - ob qho tib si hauv daim ntawv sib xyaw thiab singly. Cov zaub ntsuab nws tus kheej tso tawm cov khoom tsim nyog uas pib cov txheej txheem ensiling complex.

Kev yuav khoom raw khoom
Kev yuav khoom raw khoom

Nws yog kev cai xa mus rau alfalfa, quinoa, clover thiab qab zib clover rau nyuaj-rau-silage. Los ntawm lawv tus kheej, lawv zais me me ntawm lactic acid, yog li cov txheej txheem, yog tias nws mus, qeeb heev. Yog li, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom sib xyaw cov qoob loo no nrog cov qoob loo yooj yim-rau-silage hauv qhov sib npaug.

Kawg, tsis yog silos. nwsnettles, saum ntawm txiv lws suav, qos yaj ywm thiab lwm yam solanaceous, nplawm ntawm zucchini, taub dag, dib, dib thiab melons. Cov zaub ntsuab no tsis tsim cov lactic acid txhua, uas yog vim li cas cov txheej txheem ensiling tsis pib kiag li. Txawm li cas los xij, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob tso tseg - nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob, nws muaj peev xwm tsim silage los ntawm cov qoob loo. Txoj kev yooj yim tshaj plaws yog sib tov zaub ntsuab nrog yooj yim silage. Muaj tseeb, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm no yuav yog 1: 3. Koj tuaj yeem ntxiv cov khoom noj uas yooj yim-rau-saccharify xws li molasses, cereals hauv av, thiab qos yaj ywm boiled rau zaub ntsuab.

Thaum twg cov khoom siv raw pib pib?

Nov yog lo lus nug nyuaj heev. Qhov tseeb yog tias txawm hais tias cov cuab yeej siv rau kev sau qoob loo ntawm cov pob kws tsis txawv ntawm cov paj noob hlis, qos yaj ywm lossis txiv tsawb silage, lub sijhawm sau qoob loo tuaj yeem sib txawv. Tom qab tag nrho, cov nroj tsuag sib txawv muaj lub caij nyoog loj hlob sib txawv. Hauv qee qhov, cov khoom noj khoom haus nce siab thaum Lub Rau Hli, thaum lwm tus, thaum Lub Yim Hli. Tsis tas li ntawd, tib tsob nroj ensil zoo nyob rau hauv ib lub sij hawm thiab tsis zoo heev ntawm lwm yam.

Raw khoom check
Raw khoom check

Ciav clover ua piv txwv. Yog tias koj sau nws thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm buds, ces ensiling qeeb heev - uas yog vim li cas nws yog cais raws li nyuaj rau ensil. Tab sis yog tias koj tos ob peb lub lis piam thiab mow nws thaum lub sij hawm flowering ntawm paj, ces tus txheej txheem yuav mus los ntawm nws tus kheej, tsis muaj kev sib xyaw nrog lwm cov qoob loo. Ib yam yog qhov tseeb ntawm cov nyom nyom uas tau cog qoob loo nrog ntau cov nitrogen chiv. Nyob rau hauv cov theem thaum ntxov ntawm lub caij loj hlob, lawv yog heev tsis zoo ensiled. Tab sis thaum mus txog, cov txheej txheem pibywj siab thiab yooj yim heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov teeb meem tuaj yeem daws tau yog tias cov zaub ntsuab qhuav ua ntej ensiling nws. Thaum cov av noo poob mus rau 60-65 feem pua, cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntau dua.

Calendar blanks

Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum muaj ib hom daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm tes, uas cov ntsiab lus tsim nyog rau kev sau qoob loo ntsuab yog luv luv thiab qhia meej. Wb tham luv luv txog cov nroj tsuag uas siv ntau tshaj plaws.

  • Sunflower - nyob rau theem pib ntawm flowering.
  • Nplej thiab pob kws - thaum nplej ncav cuag wax lossis milky-wax ripeness. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua hnyav uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem mus txog theem no, kev ua kom ntxov ntxov yog ua tau.
  • Lupin - thaum taum ci ntsa iab tshwm.
  • Soybeans - thaum taum xim av nyob rau hauv qab ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
  • Lub caij ntuj no rye - thawj hnub ntawm nqe lus.

Paub lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua tsob ntoo, koj tuaj yeem ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo.

Normalize humidity

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yog silo noo noo nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 70-75 feem pua. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog feem ntau active, thiab yuag poob vim ib tug txo nyob rau hauv cov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov kua txiv yog sharply txo. Yuav ua li cas thiaj ua tiav qhov ntsuas qhov xav tau?

Piv txwv li, xav txog kev sau qoob loo ntawm ib qho kev cog lus zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis tib lub sijhawm cov qoob loo muaj teeb meem heev - pob kws. Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, nws tau sau thaum lub sij hawm milky ripeness - lub sij hawm no, ensiling mus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo. Alas, nws cov av noo yog los ntawm 82 mus rau 87 feem pua - ntau tshaj qhov xav tau. Vim li no, qhov zoo ntawm qhov tiavsilage yog txo qis. Thiab ua ke nrog cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo, txog li 30 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov huab hwm coj poob!

pob kws silage
pob kws silage

Yuav daws qhov teeb meem, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb rau kev sau cov pob kws silage. Cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj dej noo yog ua tib zoo crushed rau ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, tom qab uas lawv tau tov nrog cov crushed qhuav Cheebtsam. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog straw txiav, nrog rau cov legumes thiab cov qoob loo qoob loo uas tsis muaj dej noo. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov dej noo ntawm cov pob kws loj yog 85 feem pua, ces qhov feem ntawm cov nyom straw yuav tsum yog 15-20 feem pua. Thiab ntawm qhov av noo ntawm 80 feem pua, daim duab no poob rau 10-12. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, cov txheej txheem ensiling tseem tab tom ua haujlwm, thiab tsis tsuas yog pob kws koom nrog, tab sis kuj straw qhuav. Thiab cov dej noo ntawm cov silo sib haum mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws - txog 70-75 feem pua.

txheej txheem kub zoo

Lub thev naus laus zis ntawm kev sau cov silage los ntawm paj noob hlis, pob kws thiab lwm yam qoob loo yog ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob lactic acid. Nws yog ua tsaug rau lawv tias cov zaub ntsuab tig mus rau hauv cov khoom noj uas muaj calorie ntau ntau, khaws cia ntev.

Feem ntau, lawv ua tiav hauv qhov kub thiab txias - txij li 5 txog 50 degrees Celsius. Tab sis qhov taw qhia zoo tshaj plaws yog 25-35 degrees.

Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no muaj ob hom ensiling - txias thiab kub. Thawj yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thaum lub sijhawm fermentation txog 30 degrees. Thiab qhov thib ob - los ntawm 50 thiab siab dua. Txawm li cas los xij, kub ensiling muaj qhov tsis zoo - qhov hnyav tuaj yeem ncav cuag 40feem pua! Tau kawg, qhov no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg. Yog li ntawd, txias ensiling yog qhov nrov tshaj plaws niaj hnub no.

Yuav kom txo qhov kub ntawm fermentation, silage nteg txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua kom raug. Ua ntej, tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ntau tshaj peb mus rau plaub hnub. Qhov thib ob, cov nroj tsuag loj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo crushed thiab compacted. Thaum kawg, qhov thib peb, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej kev sib cais tag nrho ntawm cov huab cua nyob ib puag ncig thaum lub sij hawm cia ntawm silo. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej no, ensiling tshwm sim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.

Qhov twg silage raw khoom?

Trenched silage technology tau siv ntau xyoo. Nyob rau hauv lub Soviet collective ua liaj ua teb, tsheb laij teb thiab excavators ua tshwj xeeb silo pits nrog ib tug ntim ntawm pua pua thiab txhiab cubic meters. Silage tau muab tso rau hauv lawv, tom qab ntawd nws tau nchuav nrog lub ntiaj teb. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, kev nruj zoo tau ua tiav ntawm tus nqi qis ntawm lub sijhawm thiab kev siv zog. Tom qab tag nrho, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm kev sau qoob loo thiab haylage, raws li twb tau pom ua ntej lawm, yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov tsis muaj cua nkag los ntawm sab nraud, thaum sau qoob loo nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom ua kom qhov cua zoo.

siv pit
siv pit

Ntxiv rau, cov silos tshwj xeeb tau siv. Qhov no yog cov txheej txheem siv sijhawm ntau dua, thiab qhov ntim ntawm cov yees feem ntau yog qis dua rau cov trenches.

Zoo, niaj hnub thev naus laus zis rau kev sau qoob loo muab lwm txoj kev xaiv - hnab yas tshwj xeeb lossis lub tes tsho. Lawv muaj qhov ntim loj - ntau pua cubic meters. Qhov kom zoo dua yog kev xa tawm sai sai.

Kev ua haujlwm

txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog qhov yooj yim heev. Cov zaub ntsuab yog ua tib zoo crushed thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub trench los yog lub tes tsho. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ntshaw kom ua raws li qhov tseeb ib ntus. Thaum siv cov nroj tsuag sib txawv ntawm cov pab pawg sib txawv ntawm kev ceev nrawm, koj yuav tsum hloov lawv - cov txheej txheem ntau dua, cov txheej txheem yuav zoo dua.

Silo rammer
Silo rammer

Ib yam tuaj yeem hais tau rau cov khoom siv qhuav - lawv yuav tsum tau tov zoo nrog cov ntub dej. Txwv tsis pub, lawv yuav nyob twj ywm qhuav thiab cov silage yuav tsis sib npaug - ntub dhau ntawm ib feem thiab qhuav rau lwm qhov.

Tam sim tom qab tso, lub silo yuav tsum raug kaw kom pib txheej txheem.

Nyob tsiaj

Rau cov nroj tsuag feem ntau, cov txheej txheem ensiling yuav siv sij hawm 15 mus rau 20 hnub. Hauv legumes, nws nce mus rau 45-60 hnub. Tom qab lub sijhawm no, cov silage tiav tuaj yeem siv rau kev pub tsiaj thiab nqaij qaib. Yog tias qhov nruj ntawm lub tes tsho lossis trench tsis ua txhaum, lub silo tuaj yeem khaws cia rau ntau xyoo.

Lub tes tsho Silo
Lub tes tsho Silo

Nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob noj zaub mov nrog cov paj - tag nrho pawg yuav tsum tau noj hauv ib hnub. Txwv tsis pub, nws cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig tau txo qis vim qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj irreversible.

Zaj lus

Qhov no xaus peb tsab xov xwm. Tam sim no koj paub ntau ntxiv txog silage harvesting technology. Thiab kuj xam pom tus yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam nroj tsuag thiab txoj kev ntawm ensiling.

Pom zoo: