Pulp thiab ntawv zeb hauv tebchaws Russia: daim ntawv teev npe, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov khoom lag luam saib xyuas

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev lag luam pulp thiab ntawv ntawm Lavxias Federation suav tias yog kev lag luam nyuaj. Nws yog txuam nrog cov neeg kho tshuab ua cov ntoo thiab nws cov tshuaj ua tom ntej. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj haujlwm no yog kev tsim cov ntawv, duab los qhia, pulp, thiab lwm yam khoom los ntawm lawv.

Kev lag luam nta

Kev lag luam pulp thiab ntawv yog qhov txawv ntawm cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no:

• Cov khoom siv siab - nws yuav siv li 5-6 cubic meters ntawm ntoo (ntoo) kom tau ib tuj ntawm pulp.
• Lub peev xwm dej tseem ceeb - nws siv 350 cubic meters ntawm dej los ua ib tuj ntawm pulp.
• High zog siv - nws yuav siv li 2000 kilowatt-teev hluav taws xob ib tuj ntawm cov khoom.

Raws li cov lus saum toj no, nws ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntawv zeb yuav tsum nyob ze ntawm cov chaw hav zoov, tsis deb ntawm cov dej loj, thiab qhov no yuav tsum tau nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm tsim nyog.

thaj chaw thaj chaw ntawm daim ntawv thiab ntawv zeb

Lavxias Federation, ua tsaug rau nws qhov lojthaj chaw, muaj hav zoov nplua nuj heev. Qhov no yog ib qho kev txhawb zog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam, uas muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov xav tau hauv lub teb chaws hauv txhua qhov ntim thiab nce kev xa tawm hauv ntau qhov tseem ceeb. Cov ntoo loj thiab cov ntawv zeb hauv tebchaws Russia tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem no hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws.

Ib qho tseem ceeb niaj hnub no ntawm kev lag luam pulp thiab ntawv yog kev tsim cov ntoo ua cov nyom hauv nws qhov kev nyiam. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias kev sib txuas ntawm cov chaw txiav ntoo nrog cov peev txheej ntau lawm hauv ib cheeb tsam. Tam sim no, kev lag luam ntoo loj tshaj plaws hauv Lavxias Federation yog: Arkhangelsk, Syktyvkar (Northern Economic Thaj Chaw), Asinovsky, Ust-Ilimsky, Bratsk, Yenisei (Siberia), Amur (Far East).

Pulp thiab ntawv mills siv cov cuab yeej nyuaj thiab kim hauv lawv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog tsim cov khoom lag luam nrog tus nqi siab tshaj ntxiv. Cov khoom lag luam Performance index ntawm pulp thiab ntawv zeb yog suav tias yog ib qho ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau lwm yam kev lag luam. Daim ntawv mills yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam ntawm Lavxias Federation. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tshawb fawb, kev kawm thiab kab lis kev cai.

khoom

Pulp thiab ntawv mills nyob rau hauv Russia tsim ntau yam ntawm ntau yam khoom. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog ntawv thiab cardboard. Txhua yam khoom siv, khoom siv tu cev, khoom siv hauv tsev.

Cellulose nquag siv hauv textile, zaub mov, tshuaj lom neeg, perfumery, hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob kev lag luam. Nws tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj, cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex, thiab kev ua liaj ua teb. Yog tsis muaj nws, nws nyuaj rau xav txog kev lag luam dav hlau, kev tsim tsheb.

Soluble cellulose yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov viscose - lub hauv paus hauv kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv. Cov ntawv thov tshiab suav nrog carbon fiber, biodegradable plastics, thiab nanocellulose.

Pom dav siv los ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov paj ntoo thiab cov ntawv tsim tawm. Ethyl cawv, turpentine, furfural, siab roj, thiab lwm yam yog nquag siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam lag luam, feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov roj thiab roj kev lag luam.

txheej txheem tsim khoom

txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov ntawv ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov ntawv zeb hauv tebchaws Russia suav nrog ntau cov kauj ruam.

Thawj zaug, cov ntoo tau txheeb hauv cov khw muag khoom sib tsoo. Nws tau thov Vajtswv, ntxuav, tshuaj yog qhia (xim los yog tshwj xeeb chemical fillers yog qhia). Tom ntej no, lub resulting loj yog xa mus rau lub tso tsheb hlau luam (boilers).

Yuav kom tau cov tawv nqaij los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, peb txoj kev ua noj yog siv: sulfate, sulfite, nruab nrab sulfite.

Cov cellulose, uas tau xaiv rau kev ua tshuaj ntxiv, suav nrog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv fiber ntau, txhim kho (nws tau kho nrog cov tshuaj alkaline). Txhawm rau muab cov xim uas xav tau, tshuaj dawb yog nqa tawm.

Ntaus pulp thiabntoo pulp yog tsim rau hauv bales kom yooj yim cia thiab thauj.

Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog ziab thiab nias ua haujlwm. Daim ntawv thiab duab los qhia tau txais los ntawm kev rov ua dua thiab ziab ntawm lub vev xaib hauv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Ntawm cov zis, yob ntawm cov khoom tiav yog tsim. Dimensions yog pre-set los ntawm cov kev pab cuam ntawm tej tshuab. Tom ntej no, cov yob raug txiav siv cov tshuab slitting thiab khaws cia.

Pulp thiab ntawv qauv

Tam sim no, cov npe ntawm cov ntawv thiab cov ntawv zeb hauv Russia suav nrog txog 150 lub lag luam. Qhov loj tshaj ntawm lawv yog hais txog peb caug. Lawv nyob hauv Perm Territory, koom pheej ntawm Karelia, koom pheej ntawm Mari El, koom pheej ntawm Komi, Arkhangelsk, Irkutsk, Nizhny Novgorod cheeb tsam.

5 cov ntawv thiab ntawv zeb hauv tebchaws Russia, uas yog cov thawj coj hauv kev tsim khoom - cov ntawv sau thiab ntawv zeb hauv Koryazhma (Arkhangelsk cheeb tsam), pulp thiab ntawv zeb hauv Bratsk thiab Ust-Ilimsk (Irkutsk cheeb tsam), Mondi SLPK (Komi koom pheej), Arkhangelsk pulp thiab ntawv zeb.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kwv yees li 75% ntawm cov ntshiab (kev lag luam) pulp yog tsim los ntawm cov loj loj ntawm kev lag luam - Ilim JSC, uas muaj ntau ceg. Cov no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv loj tshaj plaws thiab ntawv zeb hauv Russia, nyob hauv Koryazhma.

Statistics

Lavxias teb sab kev lag luam tuaj yeem tso siab rau 809 lab hectares ntawm Lavxias teb sab hav zoov. Pulp thiab ntawv mills tsim txog 8.2 lab tons ntawm pulp thiab ntoo pulp ib xyoos twg. Ntawm cov no, kwv yees li 2.5lab tons ntawm kev lag luam pulp. Pulp thiab ntawv mills kuj tsim txog 8.5 lab tons ntawm ntawv thiab cardboard. Kev txheeb cais qhia tias Lavxias teb sab Federation yog nyob rau hauv 8th qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no zus tau tej cov fibrous semi-tiav khoom thiab nyob rau hauv 13th qhov chaw nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov ntawv thiab cardboard. Kwv yees li 2.2 lab tons ntawm kev lag luam pulp raug xa tawm. Tuam Tshoj yog nws lub ntsiab tau txais.

kev cov nyom tam sim no thiab cov xwm txheej zoo

Export ntawm Lavxias teb sab cov khoom tsuas yog muaj kev lag luam pulp, ntawv xov xwm, sau ntawv thiab luam ntawv, cov khoom ua tiav rau kev tsim cov thawv ntim khoom thiab lwm yam ntim.

Cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov ntawv xa tawm mus rau Russia yog cov khoom lag luam uas muaj nqi ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj rau Russia tsis ntev los no tau poob qis heev. Qhov no tau txhawb nqa los ntawm ntau yam, suav nrog kev txo qis ntawm ruble, nrog rau kev poob qis hauv kev siv cov duab los qhia thiab ntawv hauv lub tebchaws.

Tab sis cov kws paub txog kev lag luam thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais tias kev poob hauv kev xa khoom muaj qhov zoo. Piv txwv li, ntau lub tshuab pulp thiab ntawv mills tau pib ua tiav cov kev pab cuam hloov pauv. Piv txwv li, kev tsim cov ntawv coated thiab maj mam coated tau pib, thiab kev nce hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv tu cev thiab kev tu cev tau sau tseg. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov kev taw qhia thib ob yog kev txhim kho zoo tshaj plaws. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov no yog kev tsim cov ntaub so ntswg, ntaub pua rooj, ntaub hoob nab.

Prospects

Kev cia siab rau cov paj ntoo thiab cov ntawv zeb hauv tebchaws Russia tau soj ntsuam los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij raws li "muaj peev xwm rau kev loj hlob tseem ceeb." Raws li lawv qhov kev kwv yees, kev xav tau ntau ntxiv rau cov khoom siv pulp thiab ntawv yuav tsum nyob hauv 10 xyoo tom ntej. Nws kwv yees li ntawm 500 lab tons ib xyoos twg los ntawm 2030. Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov paj ntoo hauv ntiaj teb yuav yog Tuam Tshoj thiab cov tebchaws Esxias.

Nrog rau qhov no hauv siab, nws pom tau tias cov ntoo thiab cov ntawv zeb nyob hauv thaj av Siberian East thiab Far East, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj qhov tsim nyog piv ntawm lub zog, dej, hav zoov cov peev txheej, tuaj yeem nce ntxiv. lawv txoj kev koom tes hauv kev cog lus rau cov lag luam Esxias. Cov kev xav tau ua ntej no twb pom kev nkag siab thiab suav nrog hauv Lavxias teb sab kev txhim kho hav zoov kom txog thaum 2030.

phiaj xwm kev tsim kho, lawv cov tswv yim siv

Ntau xyoo dhau los, ntau lub paj ntoo thiab ntawv zeb hauv tebchaws Russia tau ua haujlwm hnyav los txhim kho cov cuab yeej siv. Cov peev nyiaj tseem ceeb tau txais kev nyiam. Yog li ntawd, ntau lawm tau nce, thiab ntau yam ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm kuj nce. Cov chaw tsim khoom tshiab tau tsim. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Trans-Baikal Territory, kev tsim kho ntawm ib tug pulp thiab ntawv zeb yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm ua tiav, uas yuav tsim txog 400,000 tons ntawm unbleached pulp.

Vim qhov tseeb tias ntau lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm niaj hnub ntawm kev tsim khoom, pulp thiab ntawv mills nyob rau hauv Russia muaj cov khoom tsis raug hauv cov ntim loj, uas tau muab tso rau muag.

Kuj ua tautxoj kev loj hlob ntawm tej yaam num rau tsim ib tug pulp thiab ntawv zeb nyob rau hauv lub Vladimir (Alexandrov), Kostroma (Neya), Tyumen (Turtas), Chita (Amazar) cheeb tsam. Daim ntawv teev cov ntawv mills nyob rau hauv Russia yog hloov kho tas li, feem ntau yog upwards. Tam sim no, kev ua haujlwm tseem tab tom kawm los kawm txog qhov muaj peev xwm tsim cov chaw tsim khoom tshiab hauv thaj tsam Novgorod, Kirov, Vologda, nrog rau lwm thaj chaw ntawm Russia.