Cov ntsiab lus xa khoom CPT. Kev xa khoom ntawm CPT cov nqe lus

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Logistics tau tsim loj heev hauv xyoo tas los no. Qhov no tau yooj yim los ntawm qee qhov kev loj hlob hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov cheeb tsam, nrog rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj mus los hauv lub tebchaws tau nce. Tau kawg, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua lag luam uas xav ua qhov no kuj tau nce ntxiv.

Qhov pib ntawm cov haujlwm no yog qhov nyuaj heev los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov neeg nqa khoom tshiab minted feem ntau tsis paub txog cov nuances, ntau qhov tseem ceeb heev. Piv txwv li, cov nqe lus ntawm kev xa khoom CPT. Lawv tau siv dav heev hauv lub ntiaj teb ntim, yog li nws tseem ceeb heev kom paub txog tag nrho lawv cov yam ntxwv.

Definition of concept

Hauv ntiaj teb kev coj ua, CPT cov lus xa khoom txhais tau hais tias tus neeg muag khoom lees paub xa cov khoom rau tus neeg yuav khoom uas them rau kev yuav khoom, tab sis tsis yog rau kev thauj mus los. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm hom kev thauj mus los no: tus neeg muag khoom xav tias tag nrho cov luag num hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov kev pabcuam. Tus neeg yuav khoom, dhau los, pom zoo tag nrho cov kev pheej hmoo.

Tus "tus neeg nqa khoom" hauv qhov tshwj xeeb no txhais tau hais tias ib tus neeg raug cai lossis raug cai uastuaj yeem nqa tawm (raws li cov lus cog tseg) kev xa cov khoom thauj los ntawm txoj kev, huab cua, hiav txwv lossis lwm yam kev thauj mus los hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Yog tias CPT cov nqe lus ntawm kev xa khoom muab rau kev xa khoom xa tuaj nrog kev koom tes ntawm ntau tus neeg xa khoom, txhua qhov kev pheej hmoo dhau los ntawm ib qho ntawm lawv mus rau lwm qhov tam sim no thaum cov khoom xa tawm ntawm ib hom kev thauj mus rau lwm qhov.

Txhua txoj haujlwm kev lis kev cai kuj yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg muag khoom. Nco ntsoov tias lo lus CPT tuaj yeem siv rau txhua hom kev thauj mus los.

Lwm cov ntsiab lus

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv txawv teb chaws, lo lus Carriage them rau yog siv, uas txhais tau raws nraim li qhov peb nyuam qhuav sau txog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nqe lus ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm CPT xav tias yog tias ob tog tau pom zoo siv cov kev pabcuam ntawm tus neeg nqa khoom thib peb, txhua lub luag haujlwm tseem nyob nrog tus neeg xa khoom thaum lub sijhawm xa khoom rau nws. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg muag khoom hauv qhov no tsis txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum xa khoom mus rau qhov chaw tau teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Yog li, cov nqe lus ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm CPT yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm xws li kev thauj mus los, uas lub luag haujlwm yuav luag tag nrho nrog tus muag khoom. Yog vim li cas tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum ceev faj heev thaum sau lossis nyeem daim ntawv cog lus muag.

cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb

Muab tias muaj tsawg kawg yog ob npaug ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj, txhua tus qauv xa khoom muaj ob lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Tseem ceeb! Cov neeg muag khoom thiab cov neeg yuav khoom (nrog rauCov tuam txhab logistics, yog tias muaj) tau txhawb kom paub qhov txawv kom meej raws li qhov ua tau tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev xa khoom, suav nrog cov kauj ruam los ntawm kev hloov lub luag haujlwm thaum thauj khoom lossis tshem tawm cov khoom.

Yog tias ntau tus neeg nqa khoom siv ib zaug, thiab ob tog tseem tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab qhov chaw tiag tiag, thawj tus neeg nqa khoom hauv daim ntawv yuav tsum coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias, ua kom zoo dua ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm peb cov kev cai, txhua qhov txuas ntxiv Cov neeg nqa khoom tuaj yeem ua txhaum rau qhov tsis sib xws hauv cov ntaub ntawv lossis kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom thauj ntawm nws. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no yuav tsum tau teev ua ntej hauv cov ntaub ntawv muag lossis daim ntawv cog lus kev thauj mus los, txwv tsis pub nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev los ua pov thawj ntawm ib tus neeg hauv tsev hais plaub.

Puas tau muaj cov xwm txheej zoo li no, yog peb tham txog kev muab CPT? Moscow, qhov twg cov khoom xa tuaj ib txwm tsis meej pem, yeej nco ntsoov ntau qhov kev txaj muag cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho cov chaw cog lus. Feem ntau, cov neeg muab khoom siv hauv tsev pom lawv tus kheej tsis yog tsis muaj nyiaj xwb, tab sis kuj raug yuam kom mus foob rau lub sijhawm ntev, ua pov thawj qhov txhaum ntawm lwm tus neeg nqa khoom hauv kev poob khoom.

Defining a destination

Yog li, hauv daim ntawv cog lus kawg nws raug pom zoo kom txiav txim siab kom raug raws li qhov ua tau ntawm qhov chaw uas lub luag haujlwm rau cov khoom thauj yuav nyob nrog lub tuam txhab logistics (lossis tus neeg muag khoom nws tus kheej, raug thauj tus kheej). Nws yog tus neeg muag khoom uas yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias cov ntawv cog lus muaj feem cuam tshuam rau hauv qhov chaw. Nco tseg! Raws li CPT DAP cov cai, cov nqe lus xa khoom tsis yogmuab kev them nyiaj rov qab rau tus neeg muag khoom ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev thauj khoom, tshwj tsis yog tias tau muab los ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm ob tog, uas cuam tshuam nrog cov ntaub ntawv raug kos.

Ib zaug ntxiv, peb nco ntsoov tias tus neeg muag khoom kuj yuav tsum ua kom tiav tag nrho cov kev lis kev cai yog tias cov xwm txheej ntawm kev thauj mus los yuav tsum tau hla lub xeev lossis ciam teb sab hauv. Tab sis! Tsis muaj teeb meem nws yuav tsum tau them tus nqi thiab cov txheej txheem rau kev xa khoom, them se lossis lwm yam kev pabcuam.

Tau ua tiav nrog cov ntsiab lus dav dav, peb yuav tsum sib tham txog ntau qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom xa tuaj uas cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau tus neeg muag khoom.

Nyob thiab lwm yam xwm txheej

Yog li, txawm li cas los xij, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum tau muab cov khoom lag luam tshuaj xyuas rau tus neeg yuav khoom, hloov daim ntawv xa nyiaj, nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav xav tau los txiav txim siab qhov zoo lossis lwm yam ntawm cov khoom. Yog tias qhov no yog cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj lossis tau pom zoo ua ntej hauv daim ntawv cog lus, yuav siv tau kos npe hauv hluav taws xob.

Daim ntawv tso cai, lwm yam kev tswj hwm

Yog xav tau, tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum, ntawm nws tus kheej qhov kev pheej hmoo, tau txais (thiab them rau) tag nrho cov ntawv tso cai xa tawm (thiab them rau lawv), nrog rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, ua raws li tag nrho cov kev cai lis kev cai thiab lwm yam kev cai raug saws hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev thauj mus los ntawm ib hom khoom thauj.

About daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev thauj mus los thiab kev tuav pov hwm

Tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum tau ua tiav daim ntawv cog lus rau kev xa khoom mus rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb, yog tias nws tau txhais, lossis rau qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv nws. Qhov nocov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau muab kev thauj mus los raws li ib txwm muaj thiab raws li tus qauv, yog li tus neeg muag khoom tsis tuaj yeem paub txog kev them nqi rau nws cov kev pabcuam. Yog tias qhov chaw tsis tau pom zoo los yog tsis tau hais hauv daim ntawv cog lus, tus neeg muag khoom tuaj yeem xaiv nws ntawm nws tus kheej, raws li qhov nws yooj yim dua rau nws xa cov khoom.

Raws li daim ntawv cog lus pov hwm cov khoom thauj, hauv qhov kev hwm no tus neeg muag khoom tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm dab tsi. Tab sis! Nws yog lub luag haujlwm, raws li kev thov, muab tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog kom tau txais kev pov hwm rau tus neeg yuav khoom.

Qhia tus nqi sib koom

Tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum them tag nrho cov nqi kom txog thaum cov khoom tuaj txog ntawm lawv qhov chaw, tshwj tsis yog cov xwm txheej uas peb tau sau tseg saum toj no. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog lub luag haujlwm them tus nqi thauj khoom, nrog rau cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev thauj khoom thiab tshem tawm cov khoom (saib saum toj). Tau kawg, yog tias lwm qhov xwm txheej tsis tau pom zoo ua ntej thiab tsis tau teev tseg hauv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab kev xa khoom ntawm CPT cov lus yuav tshwm sim li niaj zaus, tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej majeure.

Peb ceeb toom rau koj ib zaug ntxiv tias tag nrho cov nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev tshem tawm cov khoom thauj ntawm ciam teb, nrog rau lwm yam kev cai zoo sib xws, tus neeg muag khoom them tsuas yog sau rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus. Hauv lwm qhov xwm txheej, nws tsis ris lub luag haujlwm.

kuaj thiab ntim cov khoom xa tuaj

Tus nqi cuam tshuam nrog kev kos npe, ntsuas thiab tshuaj xyuas cov khoom yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg muag khoom. Tsis tas li ntawd, tag nrho cov nqi cuam tshuam nrogkev ntim khoom thiab ntim cov khoom, tshwj tsis yog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub uas kev lag luam raug tso cai los thauj ib hom kev thauj khoom hauv ntau. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias qhov no, kev sau npe ntawm cov khoom hauv cov ntaub ntawv nrog yuav tsum tau ua raws li txhua txoj cai nruj.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg yuav khoom

Tam sim no tham txog dab tsi yog lub luag haujlwm rau tus neeg yuav khoom hauv CPT. Cov nqe lus ntawm kev xa khoom (2010 thiab tom qab) hauv qhov no tsuas yog them nyiaj raws sijhawm rau cov khoom. Yog tias tsis muaj cov xwm txheej ntxiv hauv daim ntawv cog lus, lwm cov luag num tsis tshua muaj rau nws. Tseem ceeb! Ib yam nkaus li, nws yuav tsum tau txais ntawm nws tus kheej qhov kev pheej hmoo tag nrho cov ntawv tso cai rau kev xa khoom ntawm qee yam khoom thauj mus rau hauv lub tebchaws, nrog rau them rau txhua qhov kev lis kev cai, tshwj tsis yog tias pom zoo ua ntej thiab sau rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv.

Tsis raws li daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev thauj mus los, lossis raws li daim ntawv cog lus ntawm kev tuav pov hwm, tus neeg yuav khoom tsis muaj lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias nws xav rho tawm kev pov hwm, ces nws yuav tau ua qhov no ntawm nws tus kheej cov nuj nqis. Txawm li cas los xij, peb twb tau sau tias tus neeg muag khoom yuav tsum muab cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau kev npaj cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam.

Ntau tus nqi sib koom

Txawm li cas los xij, cov nqe lus ntawm kev xa khoom ntawm CPT (Incoterms 2010) muab rau qee qhov xwm txheej raws li tus neeg yuav khoom yuav them. Cia wb mus saib lawv.

Tshwj tsis yog tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus, nws yuav them tag nrho cov nqi uas tshwm sim txog lub sijhawm xa khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis ualwm yam yog qhia, tus neeg muag khoom them rau tag nrho cov no. Ntxiv dua thiab, raws li qhov muaj xws li cov nqe lus hauv daim ntawv cog lus, nws tuaj yeem suav rau cov kev pabcuam thauj khoom thiab thauj khoom, tab sis feem ntau tus neeg xa khoom nws tus kheej yog lub luag haujlwm rau qhov no.

Yog tias tus neeg yuav khoom tsis lees txais cov khoom hauv lub sijhawm teev tseg, txawm tias nws tau ua tiav, nws yuav them tag nrho cov nqi ntxiv uas tau tshwm sim. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev them nqi ntawm cov nuj nqis uas tsis tau pom dua (txog rau cov khoom thauj) thaum thauj khoom los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws (tshwj tsis yog tau teev tseg hauv daim ntawv cog lus) yuav luag txhua lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg txais.

Yog li peb tau txiav txim siab cov nqe lus ntawm kev xa khoom CPT (Incoterms). 2012 coj cov cai tshiab, tab sis tag nrho cov kev cai peb tau piav qhia hauv lawv tseem tsis hloov pauv.

Cas of force majeure

Qhov no yog hais txog cov xwm txheej uas ib tog tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav nws cov luag haujlwm vim yog vim li cas dhau qhov kev tswj hwm ntawm tus neeg muag khoom lossis tus neeg yuav khoom. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog kev puas tsuaj ntuj tsim, kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev nom kev tswv hauv lub tebchaws, lossis qee yam zoo sib xws. Feem ntau, daim ntawv cog lus muaj ib nqe lus raws li cov tog neeg tuaj yeem sib cais ua phooj ywg. Yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, qhov xwm txheej raug txiav txim siab hauv tsev hais plaub txiav txim.