Traction dov Tshuag: kev faib tawm, hom, khoom siv thiab yam ntxwv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tam sim no, kev sib txuas lus kev tsheb ciav hlau tau tsim muaj zog heev. Txhawm rau txav cov wagons loj, traction dov Tshuag yog siv. Niaj hnub no, cov tsheb ciav hlau muaj xws li locomotives, nrog rau ntau lub tsev dov khoom.

Cov ntaub ntawv dav dav txog locomotives

Lub locomotive yog lub zog tus kheej-propelled tsheb. Nws belongs rau traction dov Tshuag, uas yog tsim los mus raws railway lem.

Hnub no, muaj ob lub ntsiab ntawm locomotive - nws yog thermal lossis hluav taws xob. Lawm, qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv yog nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim qhov chaw, ua tsaug uas lawv muaj peev xwm txav.

Nyob rau hauv lem, thermal traction dov Tshuag kuj muab faib ua ob peb hom. Cov no muaj xws li diesel locomotives, chav locomotives, motor locomotives. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv yog sib sau ua ke los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lawv tau nruab nrog ib tug internal combustion engine, uas yog lub diesel, raws li ib tug tsim lub zog tsim rau kev txav. Qhov tseeb, yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li muaj kev ywj pheej traction dov Tshuag.

Hom thermal locomotives

Koj tuaj yeem pib xav txog kev tsheb ciav hlau nrog lub tshuab cua sov los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Lub chav boiler yog siv ntawm no los ua ib chav tsev fais fab uas ua kom muaj zog. Cov khoom ua kua thiab cov khoom siv tau siv los ua roj.

Los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, thee feem ntau yog siv, los ntawm cov khoom siv kua - roj lossis roj. Thaum lub sij hawm combustion ntawm ib yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, cov dej nyob rau hauv lub chav boiler hloov mus rau hauv chav. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pub rau hauv lub tshuab tshwj xeeb uas hloov pauv ntawm thermal zog mus rau hauv lub tshuab hluav taws xob yog nqa tawm. Muaj ib qho tseem ceeb drawback nyob rau hauv lub lag luam ntawm no hom ntawm traction dov Tshuag - ib tug heev tsawg efficiency. Nws efficiency tsuas yog 5-7%.

Cov cuab yeej ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel, piv txwv li, yog qhov yooj yim dua. Lub tsheb ciav hlau traction no siv lub cav diesel ua lub zog. Nrog kev pab ntawm hydraulic, mechanical los yog hluav taws xob kis tau tus mob, lub zog yog sib txuas lus mus rau lub wheelsets ntawm lub tsheb. Gas turbine locomotive muaj cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws. Tsuas yog siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob, nws muaj kev teeb tsa roj, uas tseem sib txuas lus txav mus rau lub log tsheb los ntawm qee qhov kis tau tus mob.

Hom traction dov Tshuag nrog lub zog hluav taws xob muaj xws li ib qho chaw ntxiv rau hauv lawv pawg - lub rooj zaum. Nws qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog tias nws muaj hwj chim tsawg dua li lwm yam. Internal combustion engine yog nyob ntawm no raws li ib tug fais fab nroj tsuag. Nws tuaj yeem yog hom carbureted lossis diesel.

Kev xaiv hluav taws xob

Nrog rau kev faib tawm ntawm kev sib tw rolling Tshuag nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, txhua yam yooj yim dua. Cov no suav nrog tsuas yog hluav taws xob locomotives. Ntawm no nws yog tam sim no tsim nyog sau cia hais tias xws li ib tug locomotive tsis muaj ib tug ntsia lub hwj chim unit. Nws lub hwj chim mov yog nqa tawm los ntawm kev sib cuag network. Lub zog yog muab rau nws los ntawm cov chaw muag khoom ruaj khov, uas yog, los ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj tsavxwm muaj tsuas yog ib tug traction electric motor, uas, qhov tseeb, converts lub tau txais hluav taws xob zog rau txhua yam zog.

Vim qhov kev npaj ntawm traction dov Tshuag, nws tsis yog rau cov hom kev lag luam autonomous.

Kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev sib sau thiab kev faib tawm los ntawm hom haujlwm

Kev ua tau zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau traction. Kev ntseeg siab ntawm traction dov Tshuag yog qhov siab heev, tsis hais nws cov txiaj ntsig, tab sis qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb dhau los tsis quav ntsej.

Qhov coefficient no qhia txog qib kev siv lub zog kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ua haujlwm. Tus nqi no yuav siab dua, qhov zoo dua ntawm cov thawj fais fab nroj tsuag. Yog hais tias peb tham, piv txwv li, hais txog hluav taws xob locomotives, ces lawv efficiency yog nyob rau hauv ntau ntawm 25-32%. Niaj hnub nimno hom kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm tus kheej, nrog rau ib pawg ntawm ntau lub tsheb ciav hlau diesel, ncav cuag 29-31%.

Ntxiv mus, nws tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias cov tsheb ciav hlau zoo li no tau muab faib ua ob peb chav, nyob ntawm seb hom haujlwm. Hauv lwm lo lus, muaj locomotivessiv los txav cov neeg caij tsheb, freight thiab shunting. Ntawm tag nrho cov, lub cev muaj zog-tsheb muaj pes tsawg leeg stands heev heev. Nws muaj peev xwm tsis tsuas yog txav cov tsheb uas txuas nrog rau nws xwb, tab sis tib lub sijhawm los thauj cov neeg caij tsheb nws tus kheej.

Qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom thauj thiab cov neeg caij tsheb ciav hlau

Rau cov tsheb ciav hlau thauj khoom, tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog lub zog loj traction, uas yuav tso cai rau cov tsheb thauj mus los nrog cov loj loj. Rau cov neeg caij tsheb locomotives, nws yuav tsum tsim kom muaj kev kub ceev kom ntseeg tau tias kev thauj neeg ceev ceev ntawm ib qho kawg ntawm txoj kev mus rau lwm qhov. Txog niaj hnub no, kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm traction dov Tshuag tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov neeg caij tsheb-thiab-cov tsheb thauj khoom. Nws muaj cov yam ntxwv xav tau rau ob qho tib si sib xyaw, uas yog, nws lub zog traction, nrog rau kev tsim nrawm, yog nyob rau theem siab.

Tsim cov tsheb ciav hlau traction

Rolling stock ob leeg ntawm Lavxias thiab txawv teb chaws railways muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb cim: series. Pawg no yog muab rau nws ntawm lub Hoobkas. Raws li rau Lavxias teb sab labeling system, nws yog alphanumeric.

Piv txwv li, cov qub hluav taws xob locomotives yog cim VL, uas txhais tau tias Vladimir Lenin. Cov lej feem ntau muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Tom ntej no los ib tug khiav ceev, thiab tom qab nws tus naj npawb ntawm locomotive nyob rau hauv no muab series yog qhia. Piv txwv li, lub cim ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg VL80k-0145.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog yim qag hluav taws xob locomotive powered los ntawmhloov tam sim no. Nws muaj silicon rectifier, uas yog qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv "k". Nyob rau hauv no series ntawm locomotives, nws serial tooj yog 145. Raws li rau lub tsheb ciav hlau uas yog sib sau ua ke ntawm txawv teb chaws enterprise, tab sis rau Lavxias teb sab railways, lawv kuj muaj ib tug alphanumeric designation.

Piv txwv li, Czechoslovak chaw tsim khoom tau koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov neeg caij tsheb hluav taws xob dov khoom. ChS2 yog qhov kev xaiv rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob rau lub tog raj kheej nrog rau ib ntu, ua haujlwm ntawm qhov ncaj qha tam sim no. ChS7 twb yog yim-qag thiab ob-section locomotive, kuj ua haujlwm ntawm cov tam sim no ncaj qha. CHS4 thiab CHS8 yog hluav taws xob locomotives ua hauj lwm ntawm alternating tam sim no thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv yog rau-qag thiab yim-axle, feem.

General locomotive tsim

Vim tag nrho cov thermal dov Tshuag yog kev tswj hwm tus kheej, nws tsim nyog xav txog lawv kom ntxaws.

Diesel locomotives tuaj yeem yog ib-, ob- thiab ntau ntu. Lub ntsiab ib feem ntawm txoj kev tsheb thauj mus los yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov muaj ob tus neeg tsav tsheb cab. Ob-section kuj muaj ob lub cabins, tab sis ib qho ntawm txhua ntu. Raws li rau cov cuab yeej ntawm ntau ntu diesel locomotive, tsis muaj tus neeg tsav tsheb qhov chaw nyob hauv nws cov ntu nruab nrab. Lub tsheb ciav hlau yog tswj ncaj qha los ntawm lub taub hau cockpit.

Kev npaj ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel

Lub locomotive no muaj ob peb yam tseem ceeb uas ua rau nws. Qhov no suav nrog tus thawj mover, kis tau tus mob, lub cev, ib feemrau cov neeg coob, khoom siv rau kev tswj thiab pab.

Rau cov cua sov locomotives, diesel yog qhov tseem ceeb txav. Txhawm rau ua kom lub wheelset ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob diesel txav, yuav tsum muaj kev sib kis tshwj xeeb ntawm cov rog los ntawm lub cav. Raws li rau hom fais fab unit, cov no feem ntau yog ob-hu rau compressorless internal combustion engines. Raws li rau lub zog ntawm lub tshuab fais fab, nws yog tag nrho proportional rau tus nqi ntawm cov roj uas hlawv. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, nws tsim nyog xav txog tias cov khoom siv raw ntau mus, yuav tsum muaj cua ntau.

Kev xa tawm tuaj yeem ua tshuab, hluav taws xob, hydraulic. Nws yog nrog nws cov kev pab uas muaj txiaj ntsig quab yuam ntawm lub cav xa mus rau lub log teeb.

Raws li rau lub tsheb hauv qab, nws muaj bogie ncej thiab wheelsets nrog lub thawv qag, nrog rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ncua. Raws li cov cuab yeej tswj hwm, tus tswj tshwj xeeb yog siv, nyob rau hauv tus tsav tsheb cab ntawm cov chaw taws teeb tswj.