Kev faib tawm ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv pov tseg. Kev faib cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm chav kawm phom sij

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tsis muaj kev faib tawm dav dav ntawm kev noj thiab cov khoom pov tseg. Yog li ntawd, kom yooj yim, cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev faib faib feem ntau yog siv.

Txoj cai ntawm kev faib cov khib nyiab rau hauv hom

Yog li, cov qauv ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog sawv cev los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

• los ntawm kev kawm (kev lag luam);
• los ntawm lub xeev ntawm kev sib sau;
• by production cycles;
• los ntawm kev siv.

Cia peb mus saib lawv txhua tus.

By kev lag luam

Qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov pov tseg hauv kev coj ua yog qhov dav tshaj plaws. Nws yog tsim los ntawm ceg txheem ntseeg. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog nyob rau hauv kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom pov tseg, cov uas yog: pov tseg los ntawm non-ferrous lossis ferrous metallurgy, thee, chemical thiab woodworking industries.

Raws li lub xeev tag nrho

Qhov kev faib tawm ntawm cov pov tseg no tso cai rau koj kom paub tseeb tias lawv yog kua, khoom lossis gaseous. Xws li ib tug subdivision yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum xaiv ib tug technology rau lawv cia,kev ua ntxiv lossis kev puas tsuaj.

Yog li, cov khib nyiab gaseous yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv lub tank tshwj xeeb, kua khib nyiab hauv cov thawv ntim, thiab cov khoom pov tseg hauv cov thawv, qhov chaw lossis qhov chaw pov tseg.

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab thev naus laus zis ntawm lawv cov txheej txheem, kev faib cov khib nyiab los ntawm chav kawm, sawv cev los ntawm qib ntawm kev tawg thiab tawg, yuav tsum tau siv. Peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab txog lawv toxicity.

By production cycles

Qee zaum kev faib cov khoom pov tseg yog siv, uas yog tsim los ntawm kev lag luam.

Qhov no tso cai rau lawv kom ntxaws los ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov haujlwm thaum lub sijhawm cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem tsim.

Ib qho piv txwv yog kev lag luam tshuaj, uas cov synthesis ntawm cov organic tshuaj tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom seem uas tsis tau muab los ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom (thaum lub sijhawm distillation lossis rectification).

Qhov saum toj no kev faib tawm ntawm cov khib nyiab los ntawm chav kawm yog tsom rau kev txiav txim siab txog qhov teeb meem ntawm lawv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Yog li ntawd, xws li qeb duas qhia txog thawj ntawm tag nrho cov ntsuas ntau, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd - cov khoom zoo.

Lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov khib nyiab

Kev faib cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum ntsuas lawv qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, siv rau cov khoom xyaw phom sij thiab lom.

Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Ntiaj Teb tau tsim kev faib cov khib nyiab los ntawm chav kawm txaus ntshai, tau txais los ntawm UN raws li txoj haujlwm rau kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig. Nws suav nrog cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv phom sij thiab tshuaj lom uas tau tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom. Cov npe tib yam suav nrog cov tshuaj hauv qab no: arsenic, tshuaj, ntau yam halogenated organic tebchaw thiab, tau kawg, mercury.

Raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov tshuaj toxicity, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tuag tau raug coj los siv, ntawm kev siv cov txiaj ntsig tuag tshwm sim hauv ib nrab ntawm cov tsiaj sim.

Kev cais cov khib nyiab los ntawm kev phom sij

Kev faib cov khoom pov tseg pov tseg yog ua raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov tshuaj lom uas lawv muaj. Cov nyhuv synergistic ntawm ob peb lub Cheebtsam kuj raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe, kev faib cov khib nyiab los ntawm chav kawm txaus ntshai yog nyob ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg ib puag ncig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txoj hauv kev no yog qhov tsis zoo, txij li cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ntsuas lawv raws li cov khoom siv raw rau kev noj ntxiv hauv kev tsim khoom yog qhov nyuaj.

Kev siv pov tseg raws li cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim khoom

Ib lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam yog kom ua tiav kev txuag hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv raw. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kev lag luam, muaj kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom muaj peev xwm thiab cov neeg tsim khoom uas muaj cov chaw tsim khoom niaj hnub thiab cov thev naus laus zis rau kev siv pov tseg raws li cov khoom siv raw.

Txawm li cas los xij, tsis zoo li cov ntaub ntawv raw, pov tseg tsis tuaj yeem ua ntej lub hom phiaj rau thaj chaw tshwj xeeb ntawm lawv siv. Yog li, tib lub pov tseg yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw tsim khoom. Yog li ntawd, rau qhov kev faib tawm tsim nyog ntawm lub hauv paus no, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog kom paub qee yam ntawm lawv qhov tshwj xeeb. Yog li, tag nrho cov khib nyiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg:

1. Muaj cov yam ntxwv tsis zoo li qhov tsis muaj qhov sib xws ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw thiab purity. Cov laj thawj rau qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hnav, kev ua qias tuaj, kev nyab xeeb. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias cov yam ntxwv no yog stochastic nyob rau hauv cov xwm, lawv yog siv los txiav txim cov pov tseg ua technologies thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom tau, coj mus rau hauv tus account ib tug complex ntawm economic thiab ib puag ncig teeb meem.
2. Cov khoom khib nyiab hauv tsev, kev faib tawm uas yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm siv nws ua cov khoom siv thib ob. Hauv lwm lo lus, qee yam ntawm cov yam ntxwv tau teeb tsa uas tuaj yeem ntsuas thiab suav nrog hauv cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia ua lub luag haujlwm rau cov lus qhia zoo rau kev ua pov tseg.
3. Txij li thawj cov khoom siv raw zoo li hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom pov tseg thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, nrog rau kev poob lossis kev ua tsis zoo ntawm qee cov neeg siv khoom zoo, cov khoom tshiab kuj tau txais uas tsis zoo ntawm cov analogue ntawm thawj theem.

Yog li ntawd, cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov pov tseg yuav tsum ua raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm txhua tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus yam ntxwv los ntsuas thiab kev coj ua zoo ntawm nws txoj kev siv.

Kev faib tawmpov tseg raws li specifications

Raws li kev faib cov tshuaj uas tau tso tawm thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, lawv tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj:

• khoom uas tseem ceeb rau cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb, lawv qhov ntsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thaum txiav txim siab ib txwm siv;
• cov khoom tau txais tshiab, ntsuas lawv yog qhov tseem ceeb thaum txheeb xyuas txoj hauv kev tshiab thiab tsis zoo los siv cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab.

Kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov khoom ntawm thawj pab pawg yog ua los ntawm kev kawm txog cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb thiab kev tswj hwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txuj ci.

Rau cov khoom pov tseg nrog cov khoom tshiab tau txais, cov txheej txheem yuav tsum muaj kev sib koom ua ke los ntsuas lawv cov khoom, nrog rau kev txheeb xyuas lwm yam khoom tsim nyog.

Kev faib cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev

Cov khib nyiab hauv tsev tuaj yeem suav nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev tsis tsim nyog rau kev siv tom ntej, khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov khoom lag luam uas tau poob lawv cov khoom siv. Cov pawg no kuj suav nrog cov khib nyiab hauv nroog, kev faib tawm uas txiav txim siab los ntawm cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: cov khib nyiab thiab cov khib nyiab hauv tsev.

Qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm hom pov tseg no nyob ntawm cov yam ntxwv xws li: theem ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm thaj av thiab lub tebchaws, theem kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov pejxeem thiab nws cov kev lis kev cai, lub caij nyoog, thiab lwm yam. Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho cov MSW yog ntim cov khoom, tus nqi uas yog tas li nce.

Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom pov tseg hauv tsev yog ua raws li cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke thiab ntau yam sib txawv, tsis tshua muaj siab thiab tsis ruaj khov (muaj peev xwm ua taulwj). Cov tsev nyob, nrog rau kev lag luam, kev ua kis las thiab lwm lub lag luam thiab cov koom haum tau txais los ua cov khoom pov tseg.

Cov khoom pov tseg xws li cov hauv qab no:

• paper (paper);
• cov khoom siv loj;
• khoom noj khoom haus;
• metals thiab plastics;
• tws thiab roj hmab;
• iav, textiles thiab ntoo.

Qhov no yog kev faib cov khib nyiab dav dav.

kev tswj khib nyiab

Ntawm cov khib nyiab, peb tuaj yeem tso tawm nws cov hom tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau rov ua dua.

1. khoom siv hauv tsev. Nws qhov kev pov tseg yog tsim nyog rau txhua lub lag luam uas tsis xav kom muaj teeb meem nrog cov cai tswj hwm. Txhawm rau ua tiav cov txheej txheem no ntawm koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum muaj kev cai lij choj rau qhov no, lees paub los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam. Yog tsis muaj kev tso cai li no, lub koom haum ua lag luam yuav muaj teeb meem. Yog li, qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj yog hu rau lub tuam txhab uas cuam tshuam nrog kev pov tseg pov tseg.
2. Yas, Styrofoam, Ntawv, thiab lwm yam. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov khoom siv uas lub pob yog ua los ntawm. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua cov khib nyiab no suav nrog lawv cov crushing, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd nws tau tsim rau hauv briquettes thiab siv los ua cov khoom siv thib ob.
3. fluorescent teeb. Lawv zoo nkauj heev rau kev rov ua dua tshiab, txij li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, lub hauv paus thiab lub hwj yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb. Nws paub los ntawm kev xyaum tias cov khib nyiab no tsis tuaj yeem tsuas yog muab pov tseg vim qhov tseeb tias nws muaj mercury. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum hloovRau kev rov ua dua tshiab, ntau lub tuam txhab rov ua dua tshiab xav kom cov khoom siv raw no xa los ntawm tus neeg muag khoom lawv tus kheej, thiab qhov no yog tus nqi ntxiv.
4. roj teeb. Niaj hnub no, cov ntsiab lus sau rau hom khib nyiab no twb tau pib tshwm. Yog li ntawd, lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm propaganda, advertising thiab lub awakening ntawm kev nco qab ntawm cov pejxeem. Cov khoom no, zoo li lub teeb fluorescent, kuj muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig. Ib lub roj teeb tuaj yeem ua qias tuaj txog 20 square meters. meters ntawm thaj av ib ncig thiab lub sij hawm ntawm nws decomposition yog ib quarter ntawm ib puas xyoo. Koj kuj yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias hauv nws yog cov hlau tsis zoo xws li mercury, cadmium thiab lead.

Kev pov tseg tsis zoo hauv tshuaj

Kev faib cov pov tseg hauv cov tshuaj yog nyob ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov koom haum. Feem ntau siv cov ntaub qhwv thiab ntaub qhwv, tib neeg cov ntaub so ntswg, tshuaj lossis ntshav.

Txhua qhov pov tseg los ntawm cov chaw kho mob nyiam tshwj xeeb vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau ib puag ncig.

Tag nrho cov pov tseg los ntawm cov chaw kho mob, nyob ntawm theem ntawm toxicological, epidemiological thiab hluav taws xob txaus ntshai, muab faib ua tsib chav phom sij.

Yog li, chav kawm A yog sawv cev los ntawm cov pov tseg uas tsis muaj kev phom sij, uas suav nrog cov tshuaj uas tsis tau sib cuag nrog cov kua dej lom neeg ntawm cov neeg mob thiab cov neeg mob kis. Cov chav kawm no suav nrog cov pov tseg uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom.

Class B suav nrog cov khib nyiab kis. Qhov no yuav suav nrog cov khoom siv thiab cov cuab yeej,uas yog kis nrog cov secretions ntawm cov neeg mob. Nws kuj suav nrog cov organic teeb meem los ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Hazard class B - cov pov tseg uas muaj kev phom sij heev, uas suav nrog cov khib nyiab los ntawm microlaboratories, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv uas tau ntsib nrog cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob txaus ntshai.

Class G - pov tseg, zoo ib yam hauv cov qauv rau cov khoom pov tseg. Cov no suav nrog: tshuaj, cytostatics, thiab cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom siv uas muaj mercury.

Hazard class D - radioactive pov tseg, uas suav nrog pov tseg los ntawm cov tsev kho mob uas muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.

Sumbarizing qhov tau hais, peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias kev pov tseg ntawm txhua yam yuav tsum tau lees paub ntawm ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg, thiab qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog hauv peb lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub nyuaj.