Yuav ua li cas cov hlau alloyed muaj?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nws paub tias cov hlau uas muaj qib siab purity (99, 99 thiab ntau dua feem pua ntawm cov khoom ntshiab) muaj lub zog tsawg, uas ua rau lawv nyuaj rau siv. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog txhuas thiab tooj liab siv hauv hluav taws xob engineering. Steels, nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog lawv functionality, yuav tsum muaj rigidity, hnav tsis kam, hardness, thiab kuj, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, ductility thiab elasticity, yog li cov hlau ntshiab tsis haum rau lawv cov creation.

Alloy steels txawv ntawm cov khoom zoo tib yam los ntawm kev muaj cov khoom siv ua tswv cuab ntxiv uas tau txiav txim siab qee yam khoom ntawm yav tom ntej alloy. Yog li, cov pa roj carbon zoo tib yam muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov sib npaug "cov nplej" ntawm ferrite, cementite thiab perlite. Nrog kev qhia txog cov ntsiab lus alloying, cov pa roj carbon ntau hauv pearlite feem ntau txo qis (steel zog nce).

Alloy steels vim yog kev qhia txog cov khoom siv ntxiv feem ntau muaj cov khoom siv lead ua tsis zoo, uas tuaj yeem muab cov tawv tawv ntxiv (thaum sib tsoopearlite thiab ferrite nplej), txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv, txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb thaum lub sij hawm hardening los yog nce qhov tob ntawm annealing ntawm cov khoom, thiab lwm yam.

Cov khoom ntawm hlau alloy yog ncaj qha nyob ntawm cov khoom ntxiv. Piv txwv li, chromium thiab npib tsib xee cov ntsiab lus txuag hlau qhov chaw los ntawm corrosion, manganese tsub kom qhov cuam tshuam tsis kam, nce hnav tsis kam thiab hardness. Ib qho khoom siv xws li silicon tso cai rau cov khoom kom tiv taus cov kua qaub zoo dua, thiab cob alt ua kom sov ua haujlwm.

Alloy steels muab faib los ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg rau hauv high-, nruab nrab- thiab qis-alloyed (cov ntsiab lus ntawm additives yog ntau tshaj 10%, 2.5 - 10% thiab tsawg dua 2.5%, feem). Medium-alloyed steels yog loj-tsim (ntxiv yog hais txog 5-6%) nrog pearlite qauv. Lwm cov qauv tsim ntawm cov alloys (martensitic, carbide, austenitic, ferritic) tsis tshua muaj.

Rau cov ntaub ntawv ntawm hom no, nrog rau lwm yam khoom lag luam, muaj GOST. Alloy steels raug cais raws li lub xeev cov qauv No. Piv txwv li, chromium-manganese-nickel alloy nrog titanium thiab molybdenum qauv 25KhGNMT muaj txog li 0.29% carbon, mus txog 0.37% silicon, mus txog 0.8 feem pua manganese, mus txog 0.6% thiab 1.10% chromium thiab npib tsib xee (xws li), ib nrab ntawm cov molybdenum thiab mus txog 0.09 feem pua titanium. Ntxiv rau qhov ntau thiabCov kev cai, GOST muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiav ntawm cov khoom siv kuaj cov qauv, cov cai rau kev lees paub, kev thauj mus los, ntim, thiab lwm yam.

Alloy steels kuj tau muab faib ua ob peb pawg raws li lawv lub hom phiaj: cov txheej txheem (siv hauv kev tsim kho tshuab, kev tsim cov choj, wagons, roj thiab roj pipelines, springs, springs, thiab lwm yam), cov cuab yeej (ntawm cov cuab yeej txiav. yog tsim, xws li xyaum, cov ntaub ntawv, saws, milling cutters, thiab lwm yam) thiab tshwj xeeb-lub hom phiaj steels nrog siab tsis kam rau electrochemical hom corrosion.