Crushed-stone-mastic asph alt pob zeb (ShMA): GOST, khoom thiab yam ntxwv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Crushed-stone-mastic asph alt pob zeb yog ib qho kev xaiv zoo ntawm cov khoom ntxhia uas tau tsim los muab cov txheej txheem pavement nrog dej tsis kam, shear resistance thiab nce roughness.

Dab tsi tshwj xeeb?

Cov kev sib xyaw asph alt no muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb, uas ua rau paving tau hauv cov txheej nyias nyias. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los txo qhov kev noj cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw rau kev npaj xws li asph alt pob zeb yog siab dua piv rau kev tsim cov tsoos asph alt pob zeb, tab sis nws tsis yog qis dua rau nws cov txiaj ntsig.

xeev cov qauv thiab cov txheej txheem

Crushed-stone-mastic asph alt pob zeb, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv raws li GOST 31015-2002, thaum xub thawj siab ib muag, yuav raug ntaus nqi rau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm classic txoj kev nto tsim nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov roj thiab bituminous binders. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv thiab cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm qhov nosib tov sawv tawm ntawm kev sib tw.

Lub hauv paus ntawm cov khoom yog tsim los ntawm ib tug nruj thav duab ntawm crushed pob zeb, uas piav txog lub siab tsis kam mus rau yas deformation. Sab hauv muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm bituminous binder, uas occupies qhov chaw dawb ntawm cov aggregates. Qhov no txo cov porosity seem, uas yog 1% lossis tsawg dua. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov txheej txheem ruaj khov, uas thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm pom tias muaj kev tiv thaiv siab rau kev nyab xeeb thiab kev thauj mus los hnyav.

thaj chaw siv tseem ceeb

Txoj kev loj (GOST 31015-2002) feem ntau yog ua los ntawm asph alt pob zeb. Ib qho ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv no kuj yog cov cuab yeej ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg:

• txoj kev;
• city streets;
• airfields;
• squares.

Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj tuaj yeem siv rau kev kho dua ntawm cov txheej txheej sab saud. Asph alt pob zeb kuj tseem siv los tsim cov chaw ruaj khov thiab zoo thiab qhov chaw.

Basic nta

Crushed-stone-mastic asph alt pob zeb muaj cov khoom xyaw hauv qab no:

• rubble;
• stabilizing additive;
• bitumen;
• mineral hmoov.

1 muaj nyob rau hauv ntim ntawm 70 txog 80%. Raws li rau bitumen, nws cov nyiaj nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau tag nrho cov loj tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov txwv ntawm 7.5%. Thaum piv nrog cov paasph alt pob zeb sib tov, piav qhia yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntim siab ntawm cov roj bitumen thiab crushed pob zeb.

Tiv thaiv tawm tsam delamination thiab tuav cov qauv sib xws, asph alt mix yog khi nrog stabilizing additives nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm fibers. Qhov no muaj tseeb tshwj xeeb rau kev ua haujlwm. Nyob ntawm qhov sib sau ua ke ntawm cov feem twg yog siv hauv kev tsim khoom, asph alt pob zeb tuaj yeem ua ke los ntawm kev sib xyaw.

Yog tias koj muaj cov khoom cim Shchma 10 nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm koj, qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov pob zeb crushed yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 10 hli. Cov qib feem ntau yog asph alt qhob cim Shchma 15. Ntawm no, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov nplej loj yog 15 hli. Crushed-pob zeb-mastic asph alt pob zeb tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm kev kos npe ShMA 20. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, peb tab tom tham txog ib qho kev sib xyaw nrog cov nplej siab tshaj plaws txog li 20 hli.

Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qib siab saum toj no tau pom zoo siv rau hauv kev tsim cov txheej txheem sab saud ntawm txoj kev mus txog 6 cm tuab. Cov khoom sib xyaw no yog siv rau hauv txoj kev loj, nroog txoj kev ntawm txhua pawg hauv 1 - 5 thaj chaw huab cua.

cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb

Thaum kev tsim kho txoj kev ua haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm hauv tshav dav hlau pavement, kev sib txhuam coefficient thiab compressive zog yuav tsum tau nce 25%. Kev siv cov pob zeb zoo li no rau ntawm txoj kev siab ceev uas yuav ua rau cov tsheb loj muaj ntau yam zoo. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum piv rau txoj kev taug kev asph alt.

Ntxiv nta

SCMA, GOST ntawm uas tau haissiab dua, muaj kev hnav tsis kam, lub neej ua haujlwm ntev thiab qis suab nrov thaum tsav tsheb. Cov txheej tseem nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv kev ntxhov siab, ntxiv rau, nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev sib zog ntxiv ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov log tsheb mus rau txoj kev. Kev hnav tsis kam tsis nyob ntawm qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Lub neej kev pabcuam yuav ntev li peb zaug dua li cov txheej txheem zoo sib xws uas siv rau tib lub hom phiaj.

Key Features

Crushed pob zeb-mastic asph alt (ShMA) raug kuaj raws li lub xeev cov qauv 12801-98. Lawv pom zoo tias muaj qee qhov kev txwv uas yuav tsum tau kawm, ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau hais txog:

• compressive zog;
• shear resistance;
• ncig resistance.

Lub zog compressive ntawm ShMA 15 yog 9 MPa, uas yog qhov tseeb ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0 ˚С. Shear resistance yog sib npaug rau 0.93. Xav txog SMA 15, koj tuaj yeem them sai sai rau kev ua haujlwm tawg. Rau qib no, nws yog 4.3 MPa.

Qhov tseeb ntawm cov khoom no yog 2.56 t / m ³. Raws li GOST, ShchMA muaj qhov loj ntawm 0.128 t / m ^{2. Tus nqi ntawm ib square meter ntawm kev pab them nqi yog kwv yees li ntawm 265 rubles.}

Yuav ua li cas?

Asph alt pob zeb tshuab muab rau qee qhov kev xav tau rau cov ntaub ntawv siv, ntawm cov uas yogtseem ceeb:

• rubble;
• bitumen;
• mineral hmoov;
• stabilizing compound.

Raws li cov pob zeb crushed, nws cov nplej muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsum muaj cov pob zeb. Nws tuaj yeem siv cov khoom siv crushed los ntawm metallurgical slags. Cov cim yuav tsum sib npaug li 1000 lossis siab dua. Cov duab ntawm cov nplej yuav tsum yog cubic. Los ntawm tag nrho cov loj, qhov ntim ntawm lamellar thiab koob zoo li cov nplej yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 15%.

Frost tsis kam ntawm pob zeb crushed yuav tsum sib npaug rau F50 lossis siab dua. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm abrasion, tus nqi yuav tsum sib haum mus rau lub hom I-1. Yog tias koj xav paub dab tsi asph alt yog ua los ntawm, ces koj yuav tsum paub tias lub hauv paus kuj muaj bitumen. Petroleum bitumens raug pom zoo, uas ua raws li GOST 22245-90. Polymer-bitumen binders kuj tseem siv tau. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, qhov yuav tsum tau rau bitumen runoff yuav tsum tau ua.

Fibrous stabilizing additives yuav tsis muab ntxiv rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Txhua bitumen siv yuav tsum muaj txaus adhesion rau crushed pob zeb. Txwv tsis pub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los qhia txog cationic hom nplaum additive. Yog tias koj xav paub dab tsi asph alt yog ua los ntawm, ces koj yuav tsum paub tias cov xuab zeb kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam crushing pob zeb nyuaj. Xuab zeb qib yuav tsum yog 1000 lossis siab dua. Cov khoom siv yuav tsum ua raws li GOST 8736-93. Qhov ntim ntawm av nplaum nyob rau hauv nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.5%.

Mineral hmoov nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg

Kev tsim kho kev ua haujlwm yog ua los ntawm kev siv asph alt pob zeb, uas muaj cov ntxhiahmoov. Nws cov yam ntxwv yog tswj los ntawm GOST 16557-78. Nws yog tsim los ntawm crushing calcareous pob zeb los yog dolomite pob zeb. Nws tuaj yeem siv cov hmoov ntxhia los ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm cov pob zeb volcanic. Particle feem yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.16 hli. Yog hais tias muaj pes tsawg leeg muaj ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm bituminous binder, qhov no yuav tsum tau entail lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug stabilizing additive. Yog tsis muaj cov khoom no, nws tsis tuaj yeem tau txais kev sib xyaw nrog lub cev thiab cov khoom siv kho tshuab uas tau sau los ntawm cov qauv.

Stabilizing compound

Raws li GOST, txoj kev yuav tsum tau muab tso nrog asph alt pob zeb, uas muaj cov khoom ruaj khov. Nws cov khoom thiab cov tsos yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom kawg, nws txoj kev thauj mus los, kev npaj thiab kev teeb tsa. Cov additives yog structuring fibrous. Lawv tso cai rau koj kom muaj kev sib haum xeeb thiab pab ua kom kub bitumen ntawm cov pob zeb crushed. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuaj ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, uas yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem tso.

Cov khoom thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm crushed-pob zeb-mastic asph alt pob zeb muab rau lub xub ntiag ntawm stabilizing mixs nyob rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg, namely:

• roj hmab crumb;
• Ypolymer fibers;
• thermoplastic polymers;
• acrylic threads;
• asbestos fibers;
• mineral Cheebtsam;
• cov khoom siv silicic acid;

VimTus nqi ntawm ntau lawm yog tsawg heev, thiab cellulose thiab fiber yog siv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm fibers, raws li zoo raws li tshwj xeeb granules raws li lawv, cov ntaub ntawv khaws bitumen nyob rau saum npoo ntawm txheej rau ntev thiab tshem tawm delamination ntawm cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Specification raws li tsoomfwv cov qauv

Cov khoom sib tov kub yuav tsum tiv taus delamination, suav nrog thaum khaws cia thiab thauj. Xws li kev tiv thaiv rau delamination yog muab los ntawm stabilizing additives, thiab qhov zoo no yuav tsum raug soj ntsuam raws li GOST 31015.

Tus nqi ntws yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 0.3% los ntawm qhov hnyav. Thaum xaiv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom sib tov, nws raug pom zoo tias qhov ntws ntawm cov binder sib npaug ntawm qhov txwv ntawm 0.1 mus rau 0.2% los ntawm qhov hnyav. Raws li rau cov xim ntawm asph alt, cov sib tov yuav tsum muaj ib tug uniform ci iab dub xim, nws yuav tsum characterizes uniformity, uas yog soj ntsuam raws li GOST 12801. Qhov txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 0.18% ntawm qhov kub ntawm 50. ˚С.

Cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis

Asph alt sib tov thiab crushed-pob zeb-mastic asph alt pob zeb yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv huab cua qhuav. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm tau ua nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, ces qhov kub ntawm qhov nruab nrab yuav tsum tsis txhob qis dua + 5 ˚С. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, daim duab no yog + 10 ˚С. Lub substrate yuav tsum qhuav thiab muaj qhov kub zoo.

Cov peev txheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm suav nrog qee qhov kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis. Ntawm lawv thawj theem, kev npaj ua haujlwm yog nqa tawm. Tom ntej no, lub asph alt pob zeb sib tov tau txais thiab unloaded rau hauv lub bunker ntawm lub asph alt paver,yog tias siv. Lwm cov txheej txheem kuj tseem siv tau. Cov sib tov yog ces kis tau los ntawm paver thiab compacted los ntawm ib tug roller.

Yog tias txoj haujlwm tau ua tiav siv cov pob zeb kub asph alt, lawv raug xa mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom pov tseg nrog lub cev huv si uas muaj cua sov. Qhov sib tov yog them nrog lub tsev pheeb suab tsis muaj dej. Pw yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm ib tug nruam pace, nws yuav tsum tau koom tes nrog cov productivity ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Kev ua haujlwm nrawm yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam thiab tau sau tseg hauv qhov project rau kev tsim ua haujlwm.

Pavers nrog tsis siv neeg hla txoj kab nqes thiab qib theem yuav tsum tau siv rau paving qhov sib tov. Rau compaction ntawm coatings, txoj kev rollers yog siv, qhov loj ntawm uas ncav cuag 18 tons. Kev npaj ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm thaum lub sij hawm installation ntawm txheej. Lawv suav nrog kev teeb tsa lub laj kab thiab kev kos npe.

Ua ntej yuav nteg ib txheej ntawm cov pob zeb kub asph alt, koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias qhov chaw hauv qab yog qhov sib npaug thiab zoo. Lub hauv paus yuav tsum tau ntxuav ntawm plua plav thiab av, kho nrog cov organic binder raws li bitumen emulsion. Rau lub hom phiaj no, kua txoj kev bitumen siv tau.

Asph alt pob zeb tau muab tso rau yam tsis muaj qhov txias txias ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke mus rau qhov dav ntawm txoj kev carriageway. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov pavers ua haujlwm ib txhij yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv tus account qhov dav ntawm lub compacting ua hauj lwm lub cev. Qhov sib nrug ntawm asph alt pavers ua haujlwm ib txhij nyob hauv ib puag ncig yuav tsum tsis txhob siab tshaj 30 m.tso continuity. Thawj qhov ntawm cov no nyob ntawm qhov sib xws ntawm qhov sib tov xa mus rau paver thiab feem ntau nws txawv ntawm 2 mus rau 4 m ib feeb.

Cov sib tov yuav tsum tawm ntawm lub tsheb lub cev thaum lub sijhawm teeb tsa kom sib npaug li sai tau. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav ib txheej ntawm qhov tuab tas li thiab qhov xav tau sib npaug, cov khoom siv siab ntawm cov phaj yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau. Thaum pib ntawm kev ua haujlwm, thaum tso rov qab pib dua tom qab so, lub transverse sib koom yuav tsum tau sov so. Lub phaj smoothing yog tom qab ntawd ntsia rau ntawm txheej txheej yav dhau los. Cov ntsia hlau chamber ces maj mam puv nrog cov sib tov.

Nyob hauv kaw

Asph alt xim yog tswj los ntawm lub xeev cov qauv. Tab sis qhov no tsis yog tib tus yam ntxwv uas yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau thaum ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm asph alt pob zeb. Yog tias qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau ua raws li cov cai, ces nws yuav pab txo cov suab nrov, siv sijhawm ntev dua, thiab tiv taus rutting.