Kev siv cov khoom siv roj av: txoj hauv kev thiab thev naus laus zis

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov peev txheej roj av tsim cov khoom siv roj ntau rau cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab, thiab tseem siv dav hauv cov chaw ntim khoom, hauv kev pabcuam cov chaw thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Qhov kev tsim kho vaj tse no suav nrog kev cia khoom, siv dej thiab lim cov chaw, txhua qhov, mus rau ib qib lossis lwm qhov, tawm cov khib nyiab nyoos uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg raws sij hawm ntawm cov khoom siv roj av uas tsis tuaj yeem siv hauv kev lag luam lossis kev pabcuam thauj mus los. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tag nrho cov pov tseg hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov roj paug hauv cov chaw ib leeg nce mus txog ntau pua txhiab cubic meters hauv ntim.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm cov chaw pov tseg roj

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm dav dav rau kev pov tseg ntawm ntau yam khoom siv roj av yog kev tu cov cuab yeej siv rau kev siv, khaws cia thiab thauj khoom. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog ua tau los xyuas kom meej qhov zoo thiabroj kev nyab xeeb. Raws li txoj cai, rau cov laj thawj zoo li no, cov tshuaj detergents, cov tso tsheb hlau luam sedimentation, sprayers thiab txawm tias sandblasters yog siv los tshem tawm cov kab tsis zoo ntawm cov roj kev lag luam. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm liquidation ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev huam yuaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov roj nchuav kuj nrov. Cov av paug nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kev phom sij tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau ecological. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm pov tseg cov av paug nrog cov khoom roj, txoj kev siv zog, biochemical purification, pyrolysis thiab tsoos pov tseg ntawm landfills yog siv. Tam sim no nws tsim nyog xav txog cov txheej txheem tam sim no thiab thev naus laus zis rau kev pov tseg cov khoom siv roj av kom ntxaws ntxiv.

Means of mechanical processing of sludge

Ntau cov txheej txheem rov ua dua tshiab yog siv ua ke, suav nrog kev sib cais centrifugal, teeb tsa, kev ua dej hauv dej, thiab lwm yam. Yeej, cov dej num ntawm kev cais cov roj sludge rau hauv cov feem sib txawv nyob ntawm qhov loj thiab qhov ntom ntom. Ntau cov txheej txheem niaj hnub tso cai rau kev sib cais ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab qib ntawm toxicity. Txoj kev centrifugal, ua ke nrog kev daws teeb meem, cais cov roj emulsions los ntawm txheej dej.

Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, los ntawm kev txiav txim siab qib ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub hom phiaj, nws muaj peev xwm lim tawm cov feem tseem ceeb ntawm impurities. Kev pov tseg ncaj qha ntawm cov roj sludge yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm kho tshuab kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem qis ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, qhov twg li ntawm 75-80% ntawm cov kev ncua hnyav yog concentrated. Hydroprocessing feem ntau muaj tib txoj cai sib cais, tab sisCov txheej txheem kev sib cais yog qhov hnyav dua vim qhov desorption ntawm cov khoom siv roj av - kev ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis ntxiv txuas nrog rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov cua sov thiab kev sib xyaw.

Biochemical pov tseg method

Cov txheej txheem no yog ua raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm decomposition ntawm microorganisms los ntawm oxidation. Nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv recultivation ntawm av thiab lwm yam khoom uas tsis muaj paug. Piv txwv li, kev siv biochemical ntawm sawdust kis nrog cov khoom siv roj muab rau kev ua kom cov metabolism ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm ntuj microflora. Ntau hom kev ntxuav yog siv, sib txawv ntawm cov ntsuas dej noo, qhov kev siv ntawm cov nyhuv aeration, suav nrog cov as-ham thiab lwm yam tsis. Nyob rau theem siab ntawm kev ua qias tuaj, cov tshuaj lom neeg siv tau siv uas muaj cov nyhuv oxidizing roj kab mob. Tab sis cov txheej txheem biochemical kuj muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo, uas suav nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm biocenosis ntuj.

Physic-chemical pov tseg method

Qhov no yog ib pab pawg dav ntawm txoj hauv kev rau kev ua thiab ntxuav cov khoom tsis xav tau oily, cov txheej txheem nrov tshaj plaws uas suav nrog kev rho tawm thiab flotation. Yog li, txoj kev rho tawm yog ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov polar tebchaw tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm thermal raug. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv thiab cov kua dej tawm ntawm lub hom phiaj cov khoom raug tsim, uas tuaj yeem sib cais tau yooj yim. Raws li kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv roj av los ntawm flotation, cov txheej txheem no yog siv nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov cua kub sib tov uas cais cov concentrates ntawm lub ntsiab.tshuaj thiab mechanical impurities. Kev siv lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg kuj muaj xws li kev sib sau ua ke roj. Thaum ua cov txheej txheem no, sludge accumulators thiab nruas separators yog siv. Tab sis raws li ib tug niaj hnub txhais tau tias ntawm pov tseg, txoj kev no yog siv infrequently. Hauv paus, kev sib sau roj yog koom nrog kev tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo nrog cov roj nchuav rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev dej.

Thermal method of recycling oil products

Txoj kev no yog ua raws cov txheej txheem thermal decomposition, uas tuaj yeem raug rau ntau yam khoom siv roj av. Kev ua kom tiav decomposition yog suav tias yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws, thaum ob lub xov xwm raug tsim los ntawm kev puas tsuaj - raws li cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej. Raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua, ntau hom kev ua haujlwm thermal yog qhov txawv:

• Incineration of sludge in kiln units where there is a fluidized txaj.
• Incineration (thermal decomposition) hauv qhov chaw tsis muaj oxygen.
• YPyrolysis.

Txoj kev uas feem ntau thiab me ntsis thoob ntiaj teb yog kev pov tseg cov khoom siv roj pov tseg hauv qhov cub raws li "fluidized txaj" hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov cua kub tam sim no, cov chaw ua si ua si muab sib xyaw suspensions ntawm lub qhov hluav taws xob.

Technologies for regeneration of petroleum products

Txiav cov roj raws li cov organic thiab dej feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam thiab kev thauj mus los hauv kev tu cov tshuab. Conventionally, cov kua tshuab tau muab faib ua ob pawg -recoverable thiab non-renewable. Yuav kom txuag tau cov khoom siv, kev siv tshuab ntxuav thiab rov qab siv tau, ua tsaug rau cov khoom siv roj tau txais kev ua haujlwm poob. Cov roj kev lag luam ntawm cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion, cov kua dej los ntawm cov nroj tsuag ncig, cov roj sib tov los ntawm cov av nkos tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab lwm yam. Nyob rau theem ntawm kev sau yooj yim, cov roj pov tseg thiab cov khoom siv roj av kuj tuaj yeem muab pov tseg, tab sis ib feem ntawm cov khoom tau dhau los ntawm cov lim dej. xovxwm. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem rau kev rov ua kom lub cev muaj zog ntawm cov kua yog ua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm " lag ntseg" chav nrog cua kub txog 90 ° C. Cov roj ua kom sov yog tov nrog cov cua compressed thiab tso cai rau sawv ntsug li 30 feeb.

Tarr tu technologies

Kev ntxuav cov tars nrog sulfuric acid yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau tshem tawm resinous, nitrogen- thiab sulfur-muaj, nrog rau unsaturated compounds, uas ua rau ib tug tsawg theem ntawm stability ntawm cov khoom roj thaum lub sij hawm cia. Acid tars yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov muaj kuab heev resinous masses, uas muaj xws li dej, organic impurities thiab sulfur compounds. Cov txheej txheem ntxuav muaj ntau txoj kev sib txawv nyob ntawm lub hom phiaj txheej. Yog li, kev pov tseg cov khoom siv roj pov tseg raws li cov kua qaub tars tuaj yeem ua tau raws li cov theem hauv qab no:

• Top. Acid oily kua. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau ua tshwj xeeb thiab raug tshem tawm los ntawm cov txheej txheem biochemical tseem ceeb.
• Medium. acidic dej ib puag ncig. Nws muaj sulfuric acid thiab nag lossis daus. Nws raug rau kev kho tshuaj-thermal, thiab qee zaum nws raug cais thiab thauj mus rau hauv kev sib koom rau kev tsim dua tshiab.
• qis. Pasty sib tov ntawm acid tar nrog concentrated sulfuric acid. Txog niaj hnub no, txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los siv hauv qab cov sediments ntawm tar yog ua rau hauv kev lag luam bitumen.

Kev siv pov tseg ua ke

Cov khoom lag luam roj thoob ntiaj teb uas tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom siv sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Txoj kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm hom no tuaj yeem raug hu ua kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev siv tshuab pov tseg nrog cov txheej txheem kev sib cais, kev tu thiab kev kho lub cev. Hauv kev xyaum, cov haujlwm no tsis tau ua ib txhij, tab sis nyob rau theem. Thawj qhov kev pov tseg ntawm cov khoom siv roj av hauv kev sib xyaw ua ke suav nrog kev sib cais ntawm emulsions los ntawm sludge, ua raws li kev lim dej-emulsion txheej, nruab nrab ntawm cov seem thiab ua cov txheej txheem sedimentary.

Russian pov tseg cov tuam txhab

Cov lag luam hauv tsev muaj kev paub nplua nuj nyob hauv cheeb tsam no, muab ntau yam kev pabcuam sib koom ua ke rau kev ua cov roj pov tseg. Cov thawj coj hauv ntu yog nyob ntawm VZTU thiab Lukoil-VNP. Kev tshawb fawb cov dej num tau ua tsis tu ncua ntawm lawv cov chaw, thiab ntau yam thev naus laus zis los daws cov teeb meem ntxuav yog nthuav dav. Kev siv cov khoom siv roj av zoo hauv Moscow yog muab los ntawm Ecoinvest tuam txhab, uas muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab roj, emulsions,organic teeb meem thiab cov khoom tsis huv. Raws li rau cov chaw ua haujlwm Lavxias tshwj xeeb, peb tuaj yeem nco ntsoov cov cuab yeej Insteb, uas siv tau zoo thiab nruab nrab cov khoom siv roj, thiab ntau yam sorbents - piv txwv li, Econaft thiab Modifier npaj tsim nyog mloog.

Teeb meem pov tseg cov khoom siv roj av

Txawm hais tias muaj kev nce qib hauv cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis rau kev pov tseg cov roj pov tseg, tseem muaj ntau qhov teeb meem kev lag luam thiab kev thauj mus los uas ua rau muaj teeb meem ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Ntxiv cov teeb meem thiab qhov tseeb tias cov khoom siv niaj hnub no tau nce ntxiv thiab hloov kho los ntawm kev qhia ntau yam khoom ntxiv. Qhov no nyuaj rau cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm kev ua cov khoom pov tseg zoo li no. Thiab txawm tias cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev rov tsim dua tshiab nrog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsum muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov peev txheej loj thiab cov peev txheej thaum ua haujlwm kho dua tshiab. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog tus nqi pov tseg thiab ua cov roj pov tseg, tsis txhob hais txog qhov pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig.

Zaj lus

Technologists hauv kev lag luam petrochemical tsis tu ncua txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm roj thiab roj nplua nyeem. Niaj hnub no, txoj kev vam meej tshaj plaws yog kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem rau kev pov tseg cov khoom siv roj pov tseg los ntawm kev kho mob microbiological nrog sorbents. Ib zaug ntxiv, cov no tsis yog cov thev naus laus zis pheej yig, tab sis hauv thaj chaw uasmuaj hnab tshos muaj kuab paug, lawv qhia lawv tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib co txheej txheem ntau lawm nrog loj ntim ntawm cov roj siv, microbiological pov tseg, ua ke nrog cov txheej txheem ib txwm, kuj muab kev txuag tseem ceeb hauv lub koom haum ntawm kev ua.