Synthetic resins: ntau lawm, muaj pes tsawg leeg, qauv thiab cov peev txheej

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tshuaj yog siv nyob rau theem sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Ib tug ntawm cov ntau yam yog hluavtaws resins. Cov tshuaj no txawv nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab scope. Lub hom phiaj ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog tuaj yeem muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg, lawv cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog txiav txim siab. Artificial resins yuav tham ntxiv.

Kev piav qhia dav dav

Kev tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws pib ua haujlwm thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem. Artificial polymers muaj ntau tus yam ntxwv sib txawv los ntawm ntau yam ntuj tsim. Qhov tseeb yog tias cov khoom tsim los ntawm tus txiv neej muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Lawv tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa ntawm theem tsim khoom. Cov txheej txheem tuaj yeem sib txawv heev, uas txiav txim siab lawv qhov kev ua haujlwm.

Hnub no, kwv yees li 5 tons ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsim tawm hauv ntiaj teb txhua xyoo. Synthetic resins thiab plastics tau los ntawm kev ua cov thee, roj, roj lossis lwm yam khoom siv ntuj. Chemical compounds uas tau txais los ntawm txoj kev no muaj qhov hnyav molecular. Ntxiv mus, lawv tuaj yeem tsim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug nplaum tuab sib tov. Nws tuaj yeem yog hmoov lossis cov khoom siv granular.

Synthetic thiab natural resins, hardening, muab zoo adhesion rau cov khoom sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv polymers, tus yam ntxwv no yog ntau pronounced. Thaum cov khoom siv dag zog ua kom tawv, nws tuaj yeem tsim cov adhesion zoo rau pob zeb, hlau, iav thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Cov txheej txheem curing nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub siab kub los yog catalysts. Qee zaum, nias ntxiv yog siv los tsim kev sib txuas zoo.

Qee cov khoom siv dag zog tsuas yog xav tau sijhawm los kho. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv rau ntau yam kev tsis zoo, uas tsis ntshai ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hloov, kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev siv tshuab. Lawv tsis raug rhuav tshem los ntawm dej, alkali, kua qaub, roj av lossis roj.

Cov yam ntxwv zoo li no txiav txim siab txog qhov kev nthuav tawm cov qauv. Lawv ruaj khov, tsis zoo li ntuj analogues, yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab. Cov peev txheej ntawm lawv daim ntawv thov yog dav.

Production Features

Synthetic resin yog ib qho polymer uas tau txais thaum qee yam tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, ib tug high-molecular compound yog tsim nrog ib tug muab ntawmyam zoo. Resins ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb yog tau los ntawm polycondensation los yog polymerization. Ob txheej txheem no yog ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus sib txawv.

Polymerization yog ib qho kev tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm muab tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ua ke rau hauv cov molecules complex. Hauv qhov no, tsis muaj cov khoom lag luam raug tsim.

Polycondensation yog txheej txheem uas yooj yim molecules hloov mus rau hauv complex compounds, tsim cov organic tshuaj. Qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov paib tshiab nrog lwm cov atoms.

Hnub no, ob hom resins tau siv ntau qhov chaw ntawm tib neeg kev ua haujlwm. Kev xaiv ntawm cov khoom siv yog nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov yas, ob hom kev sib txuas tau txais:

• thermoactive;
• Ythermoplastic.

Thermosetting resins ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem yaj hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Yog hais tias ib puag ncig tsis sib haum rau lub moj khaum muab, cov khoom yuav infusible thiab insoluble. Ntxiv mus, cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws tshwm sim ob qho tib si nrog nce thiab txo qhov kub siab tshaj qhov txwv tau tsim.

Thermoplastic resin ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog khaws cov yas thiab fusibility nyob rau hauv txhua yam mob. Nyob ntawm seb hom feedstock, ntau lawm txoj kev, emulsion, hmoov, granules, blocks los yog nplooj ntawv ntawm polymeric khoom yuav tau.

Daim ntawv thov

Synthetic thiab natural resins yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm tib neeg kev ua ub no. Tab sis cov kev xaiv dag tau dhau los ua ntau dua vim lawv qhov tshwj xeeb zoo. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los sau cov cheeb tsam uas cov tshuaj no tsis siv dua li vice versa. Cov peev txheej ntawm lawv siv yog qhov dav.

Ib qho ntawm cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws yog tsim cov kua roj vanish, xim, nplaum, thiab abrasives. Vim lawv lub peev xwm los ua polymerize, cov khoom no muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv kev tsim cov pob zeb, yas, thiab PVC.

Vim nws qhov adhesion zoo, cov resin tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus zoo nrog pob zeb, hlau, iav, thiab tag nrho cov npe ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv. Artificial polymer compounds tiv taus ntau yam tsis zoo.

Muaj ntau yam khoom siv raws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws. Niaj hnub no, pob zeb dag yog tsim los ntawm polymers. Ntau yam khoom yog tsim los ntawm nws, xws li qhov rais sills, dab dej, countertops thiab ntau yam rooj tog.

Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv zoo li no yog tsim cov ntaub pua tsev monolithic. Synthetic resins kuj tseem siv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntoo. Lawv tso cai rau koj los tsim cov txheej txheem zoo rau cov khoom siv ntuj. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho, ntau ceg ntawm industrial ntau lawm, ntau yam resins ntawm dag keeb kwm yog siv. Txawm nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab kev lag luam kev zoo nkauj, cov tebchaw no tau pom lawv daim ntawv thov.

Epoxy resins

Ntau hom hluavtaws hluavtaws tau tsim hnub no. Cov nto moo tshaj plaws thiab siv dav hauv cov khoom siv polymer yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ntxiv.

Ib qho ntawm ntau yam nrov tshaj plaws yog epoxy resin. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg tej zaum yuav muaj cov kua sib xws los yog ua rau hauv daim ntawv khov. Cov khoom no tsis muaj xim. Epoxy resins yog ob lub ntsiab lus, yuav tsum tau siv lub hardener. Yog tsis muaj ib tug catalyst, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav tsis harden. Yuav kom polymerize sai dua, koj yuav tsum tau nce qhov kub ntawm cov resin.

Epoxy muaj adhesion zoo. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom fasten ceramics, hlau, faience thiab ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Hauv nws daim ntawv purest, epoxy zoo ib yam li zib ntab.

Cov tshuaj no tau txais thaum lub sijhawm polycondensation ntawm phenol thiab epilchloridrin. Amines thiab cawv kuj koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Nyob rau hauv pawg no, muaj ntau yam khoom uas txawv me ntsis ntawm lawv cov zoo. Yog li, polyepoxides muaj qhov ntom ntom tsawg thiab muaj peev xwm sib txuas tau zoo nrog hlau, pob zeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv xyaum tsis ntsws, nws tiv taus acid.

Non-kho hom epoxy dians yog thermosetting hluavtaws resins. Lawv tuaj yeem yog xim daj mus rau xim av. viscosity yuav txawv. Cov no yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem ua kua lossis khoom. Epoxy-Dian resin yaj hauv dioxane, ethers.

Kho epoxy resins yog insoluble. Polyamides, phenol-formaldehydes, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv los ua catalyst.

Epoxy resins yog siv los tsim cov nplaum uas siv los tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm ntuj pob zeb, pob zeb, ceramics, thiab lwm yam.

Polyester thiab acrylic resins

Hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov yas, xws li ntau yam xws li polyester compounds sawv tawm. Cov khoom no yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm ua cov cawv. Xws li cov resin tso cai rau koj los tsim kev sib txuas tsis tshua muaj zog dua li cov epoxy compound. Tab sis vim yog peculiarities ntawm ntau lawm, polyester ntau yam yog pheej yig dua. Tib lub sijhawm, cov resins no yooj yim ua haujlwm nrog.

Cov neeg siv khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom lag luam no yog kev lag luam tsheb thiab nkoj tsim khoom, tsim cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo. Polyester resins tseem xav tau nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov partitions, da dej thiab qhov rais sills. Cov ntaub ntawv nthuav tawm yog yooj yim khoov tom qab hardening, tuaj yeem pleev xim nrog cov sib xyaw tsim nyog.

Acrylic hluavtaws resins yog siv los tsim cov yas, mosaics, pob zeb dag. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom sib xyaw zoo li no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim kho thiab kho kev ua haujlwm hauv chav dej, da dej, hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw, da dej thiab lwm yam. Acrylic resin hardens sai sai. Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg tsawg dua li cov qauv sau ua ntej.

Acrylic resins yog siv los ua cov khoom siv ywj pheej lossis hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm lwm cov khoom sib xyaw. Lawv ntxiv xuab zeb, marble chips, nrog rau ntau yam pigments. Yog li ntawd, acrylic tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ntxoov ntxoo. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 50% cov khoom ntxiv tuaj yeem ntxiv rau cov resin no.

Acrylic xav tau lub hardener. Tom qab cov txheej txheem polymerization, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg yog kiag li tsis ntxeem tau, uas ho txhim kho kev ua tau zoo. Qhov no ho nthuav qhov Scope ntawm cov khoom. Vim tsis muaj qhov pores nyob rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, cov khoom yuav tsis raug pleev xim rau thaum xim xim nkag mus rau saum npoo. Yog hais tias lub countertop yog ua los ntawm acrylic, beet kua txiv yuav tsis tawm ib tug cim rau nws. Cov khoom muaj peev xwm tiv taus cua sov mus txog 70 ºС. Pwm rau kev tsim cov khoom lag luam yog ua los ntawm plaster, silicone lossis iav.

Polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride resins

Thaum muab piv cov khoom ntuj thiab hluavtaws, tom kawg muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua. Pawg no suav nrog ntau ntau yam ntawm kev sau.

Ntau zaus hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub, polyethylene resins tau tsim thiab siv. Lawv muaj tus nqi siab ntawm kev hloov pauv, uas tau khaws cia txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias (txog -60 ºС). Cov ntaub ntawv ua los ntawm polyethylene resins yog cov dej tsis muaj dej, tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tshuaj phem heev. Yog li ntawd, qhov nthuav tawm ntau yam resins yog siv los tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab waterproofing, nrog rau cov kav dej sib txuas. Polyethylene resins yog siv los ua cov kav dej rau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, nrog rau cov khoom siv kho mob, huv thiab huv.

Lwm yam nrov niaj hnub no yog polypropylene resins. Lawv tau txais thaum lub sij hawm polymerization ntawm propylene. Qhov no yog cov roj uas tau txais hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom tawg.roj refining kev lag luam. Raws li cov khoom siv hluavtaws, polypropylene yog siv los ua cov kav dej, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, cov yeeb yaj kiab gas, nrog rau cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg.

Lwm hom resin paub hauv kev lag luam niaj hnub no yog polyvinyl chloride. Nws tau txais thaum lub sij hawm polymerization. Cov txheej txheem siv vinyl chloride, ib qho roj uas tsw zoo li ether thiab tsis muaj xim.

PVC resin yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm granules. Cov khoom yog resistant rau kub kub, tsis poob nws zoo nyob rau hauv txias. Nws kuj muaj cov khoom dielectric. Cov khoom siv no yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov dej tsis muaj dej, linoleum, zaj duab xis rau stretch ceilings, cov ntaub ntawv zoo nkauj, thiab lwm yam.

Polyisobutyl, polystyrene, vinyl acetate

Polyisobutyl resins tau dav siv los ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub, uas tau txais hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm polymerization ntawm qhov kub ntawm li 100 ºС. Cov khoom no zoo li roj hmab hauv qhov tsos. Nws yog elastic, siv los tiv thaiv corrosion. Nws tsis tso cai rau cov dej hla dhau, yog li cov hlau saum npoo muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv oxidative. Varnishes thiab mastics yog tsim los ntawm polyisobutylene.

Polystyrene hluavtaws resins tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem polymerization. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov xim tsis muaj xim, uas yog siv rau kev tsim cov enamels, latex, thiab waterproofing films. Cov ntaub ntawv insulating kuj tsim los ntawm cov polymer.

Polyvinyl acetate resins yogpolymers tsim los ntawm ib qho ester ntawm acetic acid thiab vinyl cawv. Nws yog cov kua tsis muaj xim uas muaj kev txav mus los.

Cov khoom siv tsis tiv taus alkalis thiab acids. Polyvinyl acetate swells me ntsis hauv dej. Nws yog soluble hauv esters thiab cawv, nrog rau cov ntxhiab hydrocarbons.

Khoom tso cai rau koj los tsim kev sib txuas ntawm pob zeb, iav. Yog li ntawd, polyvinyl acetate yog siv dav hauv kev tsim cov kua roj vanish thiab cov nplaum. Hauv kev kho kom zoo nkauj sab hauv ntawm lub tsev, cov ntaub ntawv no kuj tau siv dav.

Polyacrylate resins

Rau lub hauv paus ntawm acrylic resin, polyacrylate compounds yog tsim, ntxiv methacrylic acid thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom. Qhov no yog vitreous pob tshab loj, uas yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov films, kev daws teeb meem. Piv txwv li, polyacrylate yog siv los tsim cov khoom uas yog coated rau pob zeb ua kom nws dej-repellent. Nws kuj tseem siv los ua ntau yam primers rau kev ua haujlwm sab hauv.

Polycondensation polymers yog tsim los ntawm txoj kev tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm xws li ib tug txheej txheem, ib tug high-molecular tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm combining ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm molecules ntawm tib los yog ntau hom. Rau qhov no, tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav Cheebtsam yog tov. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim nrog kev tso dej, ammonia, hydrogen chloride.

Formaldehyde pab pawg

Xav txog ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws, koj yuav tsum tau xyuam xim rau pawg formaldehyde. Ib yam khoom zoo li no yog phenol formaldehyde. Qhov noresin yog tau los ntawm kev sib txuas ntau yam phenols thiab formaldehyde.

Qhov tshwm sim yog ib yam khoom uas muaj zog heev thiab tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias. Cov khoom siv no yog siv hauv kev tsim cov fiberboard, chipboard. Nws tseem koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov laminates, adhesives, mastics, varnishes.

Cov ntaub ntawv nto moo tshaj plaws raws li phenol-formaldehyde resins yog bakelite kua roj vanish, polymer B. Cov khoom no tso cai rau koj los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, siv rau hauv kev sib txuas kub ntawm asbestos cement, thaum sib txuas ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev.

Aminoformaldehyde tebchaw yog tau los ntawm polycondensation ntawm melamine thiab formaldehyde nrog urea. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tswj hwm nruj nruj yog tsim. Qhov tshwm sim yog cov khoom tsis muaj xim uas tsis tshua muaj nqi. Nws yog siv los tsim thermal rwb thaiv tsev, nplaum thiab laminates.

YPolyurethane resins

Polyurethane resins yog crystalline hom polymers. Lawv yog characterized los ntawm high melting zoo. Cov resins no tau txais los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm diisocnanates thiab polyhydric cawv. Cov khoom melts ntawm qis kub, muaj me ntsis hygroscopicity. Cov polyurethane resin yog huab cua, oxygen, ozone, alkali thiab acid resistant.

Polyurethanes yog siv los tsim cov nplaum. Lawv yog siv rau gluing pob zeb slabs, lwm yamkhoom siv tsev.

Ntau cov polymers siv hauv kev tsim kho, ua haujlwm ntoo, engineering thiab lwm yam kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim khoom niaj hnub no. Lawv muaj cov khoom tsim nyog, tsim kom muaj kev ruaj khov, muaj zog sib txuas, cov txheej txheem dej tsis zoo.