Reinforced concrete is Lub tswv yim, txhais, ntau lawm, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-15 14:11

Ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev nrov tshaj plaws yog cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog. Cov no yog cov slabs ruaj khov uas siv thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov tsev siab. Cov khoom muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov hnyav hnyav. Nws tsis raug cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lwm yam tsis zoo. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog, nws cov cuab yeej tsim khoom thiab daim ntawv thov yuav raug tham kom ntxaws hauv kab lus.

lus txhais

Cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yog cov qauv tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb thiab cov hlau tuav. Lawv ua hauj lwm ua ke los tsim cov khoom muaj zog, ruaj khov. Pob zeb yog pob zeb dag. Nws tiv taus compressive loads zoo, tab sis teb tsis zoo rau kev nro. Vim li no, lub nqaj ua los ntawm cov pob zeb tau yooj yim puas thaum khoov. Hauv cheeb tsam compressed, lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv no loj heev.

Cov khoom siv hauv tsev dab tsi yog pob zeb ntxiv? Qhov no yog ib tug ntau tshaj version ntawm ib tug dag pob zeb ua los ntawm pob zeb. Nws tau txais cov yam ntxwv sib txawv kiag li,yog steel tuav tau nteg nyob rau hauv nws stretched cheeb tsam ua ntej solidification. Hauv qhov no, qhov kev txhawb zog yuav siv lub zog zoo li no. Compressive loads yog coj los ntawm pob zeb. Nws txoj haujlwm tensile tsis raug saib xyuas hauv qhov no.

Cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yog cov khoom siv ruaj khov uas tuaj yeem tiv taus cov khoom hnyav. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav vim qhov muaj nyob hauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tau tsuas yog longitudinal, tab sis kuj transverse reinforcement. Xws li cov pas nrig ntsug muaj peev xwm tiv taus tensile stresses ze rau cov kev txhawb nqa.

Nyob rau hauv qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog, tag nrho cov hlau tuav tau txuas nrog qhov chaw vuam, ua rau lub thav duab muaj zog.

Qhov ntu ntu ntawm txoj kab hla thiab qhov ntev yog txiav txim siab thaum lub sijhawm thauj khoom, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntsiab lus no rau hauv ib lub thav duab, nrog rau cov xov tooj ntawm cov hlua khi, nyob ntawm qhov yooj yim ntawm vuam., tso cement mortar thiab lwm yam.

Kev sib koom ua ke ntawm kev txhawb nqa rau pob zeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau ob qho khoom ua haujlwm ua ke. Nws yog muab los ntawm cov hauv qab no:

1. Muaj tshwj xeeb protrusions rau saum npoo ntawm steel rods.
2. Nyob hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov qauv hlau ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm cov rebar, ib lub bar ntawm ib hom ua haujlwm thauj tog rau nkoj rau cov khoom sib txawv.
3. Kev sib xyaw ntawm cov tuav yog tsim los ntawm cov cement mortar hauv chav kawm ntawm nws qhov txhaws los ntawm shrinkage.

yam khoom

Nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm ntau yam kev tsim kho, cov khoom siv tau siv. Reinforced qhob yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob lub ntsiabvariations:

plates.

Slabs, tsis zoo li kab teeb, muaj qhov dav dav dua thiab qis dua qhov siab.

Steel reinforcement, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog, yog qhov ruaj khov heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog tsim nyog los siv cov khoom no tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv stretched, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv compressed ntsiab. Piv txwv li, nws tuaj yeem yog kab. Lub xub ntiag ntawm kev txhawb nqa nyob rau hauv xws li cov qauv tsim ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txo tau lawv cov ntu ntu. Yog hais tias lub kem tsuas yog ua los ntawm pob zeb, nws yuav thicker thiab yog li hnyav dua.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom no tso cai rau koj txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim kho, ua kom lawv zoo. Txawm hais tias nrog random eccentricities ntawm longitudinal rog thiab loads ntawm transverse hom, nws yog ib qhov ua tau kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov khoom los yog cov qauv. Qhov no ua rau cov khoom siv txhim khu kev qha thiab ruaj khov.

Rebar hauv cov pob zeb muaj zog tso cai siv cov khoom siv hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov vaj huam sib luag hauv kev tsim kho siab. Yog tias ua ntej ua vaj tse ntawm M100-M200 hom tau siv rau kev tsim cov vaj huam sib luag, niaj hnub no cement M400-M500 yog siv. Txhawm rau tsim kab, koj xav tau cov khoom siv qib M900.

Lub rebar yog tiv thaiv corrosion los ntawm ib txheej ntawm pob zeb. Yog li ntawd, slabs thiab beams yog siv rau sab nraum zoov installation, xws li fais fab, vaj huam sib luag tsev. Hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom uas yuav raug kub hnyiab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv hluav taws xob yog siv. Nws yog ua los ntawm cov cement-resistant thiab kub dov rebar.

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

pob zeb pob zeb yog cov khoom siv niaj hnub, txhim khu kev qha.

Nws muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog muaj xws li:

1. Durability. Nrog rau kev suav kom raug ntawm kev thauj khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov qauv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsim los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom, cov khoom siv ua haujlwm tsis tas li. Tib lub sijhawm, nws cov kabmob muaj peev xwm tsis txo qis.
2. Tsawg qhov hnyav. Yuav kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam, cov qauv monolith yuav tsum muaj qhov loj 5 npaug ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, qhov hnyav ntawm cov pob zeb muaj zog yog tsawg dua, uas txo cov nqi tsim kho.
3. Hluav taws kub retardant.
4. Kev ntseeg. Zoo tiv thaiv zoo li qub thiab dynamic loads.
5. Tus nqi pheej yig. Thaum lub sij hawm kev tsim kho thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ua vaj tse, cov nqi yuav tsawg li tsawg tau.

Cov khoom uas nthuav tawm kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias txawm hais tias qhov hnyav ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog tsawg dua li cov khoom siv pob zeb ntshiab, nws tseem hnyav heev. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm ntawm niaj hnub ntau lawm, lub teeb aggregates pib siv. Tsis tas li, cov neeg tsim khoom nyiam cov txheej txheem nyias nyias thiab hollow, thaum xaiv cov qauv tsim nyog ntawm cov qauv.

Cov pob zeb tseem ceeb tuaj yeem tawg. Txog rau ib qho taw tes, qhov xwm txheej no tsis txo qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv.

Dhau li ntawm, pob zeb muaj lub suab siab thiab ua kom sov. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sij hawm tsim kho, cov nqi ntxiv yuav tsum tau tsim ib txheej ntawm rwb thaiv tsev thiab suab nrov rwb thaiv tsev.

Lwm qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom uas tau nthuav tawm yoglub impossibility ntawm kev tswj thaum lub sij hawm zus tau tej cov pob zeb ua khoom reinforcement. Nws yuav nyuaj heev los txhim kho cov qauv thaum lub sijhawm rov tsim kho lub tsev.

In-situ concrete

Kev tsim cov pob zeb thiab cov pob zeb ntxiv yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los muab qhov tsim nyog ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Raws li txoj kev teeb tsa, cov pob zeb muaj zog tau muab faib ua ob pawg:

1. Monolithic.
2. Kev sib sau.

Yav dhau los, tsuas yog cov qauv monolithic tau siv thaum ua haujlwm tsim kho. Lawv tau ua tiav los ntawm khawb ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho. Lawv muaj raws nraim qhov chaw uas tau muab los ntawm qhov project. Monolithic reinforced pob zeb yog tsim nyob rau hauv ob peb theem:

1. Kev teeb tsa ua ntej npaj scaffolding, cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj zog rau lawv. Cov qauv no yog tsim los rau pouring cement mortar rau hauv lawv. Cov ntawv yog hu ua formwork, uas yog sib sau los ntawm cov laug cam.
2. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov ncej rebar.
3. Npaj cov cement mortar thiab nws nchuav rau hauv formwork.
4. Kev tu cov khoom thaum nws kho. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub thiab av noo theem yog tswj. Qhov no tso cai rau cov pob zeb kom tau txais lub zog xav tau. Txwv tsis pub, cov kab nrib pleb tshwm rau ntawm nws qhov chaw, thiab cov kabmob muaj peev xwm txo qis.
5. Tshem tawm ntawm formwork, tso cov cement hardened los ntawm daim ntawv npaj thaum nws mus txog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj zog yam ntxwv.

Qhov no yog txheej txheem ntev heev uas muaj ntau yam nuances thiab subtleties. ATCov txheej txheem tsim kho lub caij ntuj no yuav tsum tau them nqi ntxiv.

Prefabricated Structures

Kev tsim cov pob zeb precast muaj ntau yam tshwj xeeb. Qhov no muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb zoo. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, tus kheej cov ntsiab lus, xws li kab, slabs, kab teeb, thiab lwm yam, yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ntau lawm. Tom qab ntawd lawv raug thauj mus rau qhov chaw tsim kho. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog uas tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag hu ua prefabricated. Qhov no muaj tseeb txawm tias cov khoom uas tsis muaj cov khoom sib cais.

Nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias lub hauv paus nyob rau hauv kab, nchuav ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw tsim kho, yog ib qho monolithic reinforced pob zeb qauv. Tab sis kem nws tus kheej yog ib yam khoom siv prefabricated. Nws raug coj mus rau qhov chaw thiab ntsia rau ntawm lub hauv paus nrog lub crane.

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los txuas cov khoom ua ntej ntawm qhov chaw:

1. Rebar protrudes los ntawm cov khoom siv. Qhov sib koom ua ke yog txuas nrog rau hauv qhov chaw nrog kev daws teeb meem. Thaum nws hardens, qhov sib koom ua ke tau txais cov khoom ntawm cov qauv monolithic.
2. Nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov khoom ua ntej, muaj cov khoom siv hlau rau kev kho yog muab. Lawv tuaj rau saum npoo. Xws li clamps yog ruaj ruaj nyob rau hauv qhob thiab muaj welded anchors. Thaum sib dhos cov qauv, vuam yog siv. Tom qab no, cov pob qij txha kuj tau nchuav nrog pob zeb. Qhov no tiv thaiv cov khoom embedded los ntawm corrosion.

Qhov zoo ntawm cov qauv prefabricated

Muaj ntau qhov zoo rau kev siv cov pob zeb ua ntej. Cov txheej txheem no yog niaj hnub. Thaum siv cov cuab yeej no, formwork turnover nce ntau heev. Nws yog siv ntau zaus, uas txuag ntoo. Yog tias cov pob zeb muaj zog ntxiv yog siv rau hauv cov khoom loj, tsis yog ntoo, tab sis hlau formwork yog siv thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom.

Kev nrawm nrawm ntawm cov pwm rau kev tsim khoom yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ua kom cov txheej txheem kho ntawm cov pob zeb ua kom nrawm. Cov khoom siv yog steamed lossis ceev-hardening cement mortars yog siv.

Thaum siv cov txheej txheem precast pob zeb, lub sijhawm tsim kho tau txo qis. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua haujlwm sib txawv hauv lub sijhawm. Qhov no yog vim kev tsim ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem. Lawv lub installation yog nqa tawm nrog kev tsim kho cranes. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem ua tiav yuav luag txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo.

Tib lub sijhawm, kev siv tshuab yog nquag siv hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov pob zeb ua ntej. Koj tuaj yeem tsim cov txheej txheem prestressed. Qhov no txhim kho qhov zoo thiab kav ntev ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv dag zog. Kev siv zog ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab kev siv cov khoom raug txo.

khoom siv ua ntej tensioned

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov khoom siv dag zog, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom siv prestressed tuaj yeem siv. Qee qhov xwm txheej, kev tsim cov kab nrib pleb hauv qhov chaw nruj yog qhov tsis tsim nyog. Qhov kev xav tau no yog muab tso rau pem hauv ntej thaum tsim cov tank, cov qauv uas yuavraug rau ib puag ncig nruj, thiab ntau dua.

Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tawg ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov nro, cov qauv tsim tau ua kom muaj zog. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, qhov yuav ua rau tawg thiab deformations raug txo. Qhov no txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Prestressed pob zeb ntau lawm tshuab suav nrog kev tsim cov siab loj thiab compression hauv thaj tsam nro. Qhov no yog li cas round blanks tau txais, cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw uas tsis muaj kab nrib pleb. Tus tsim siv pre-stretched muaj zog reinforcement. Qhov no ua rau kom tawg tsis kam, rigidity.

Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias kev siv cov hlau nplaum muaj zog hauv kev tsim kho tuaj yeem txo tus nqi ntawm cov khoom. Qhov tseeb yog tias tus nqi ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa no txo qis nrog kev nce hauv nws qhov ntsuas lub zog. Tab sis nws tsuas yog siv tau rau hauv kev tsim nrog preload.

Txoj kev

Qhob tuaj yeem ua tau ob txoj hauv kev:

1. Tensioning reinforcement ntawm tshwj xeeb nres.
2. ncab ncaj qha rau ntawm pob zeb.

Hauv thawj kis, nrog kev pab los ntawm hydraulic jacks, lub armature yog stretched ntawm qhov nres mus rau ib qho kev nro. Qhov ntsuas no yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj qhov txwv ntawm elasticity. Cov fittings yog tsau nrog xaus rau hauv nres. Tom ntej no, ib lub cement mortar yog nteg tawm ntawm lub thav duab npaj. Lub rebar tseem taut kom txog thaum lub pob zeb hardens. Tom ntej no, qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev txhawb nqa yog tso tawm los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Nws mob siab cojthawj txoj hauj lwm, thaum compressing lub pob zeb.

Yog siv cov hlau kub kub, nws tsis yog ncab nrog jacks, tab sis rhuab. Ua li no, ib qho hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm cov hlau. Cov pas ntsuas kub tau ruaj khov rau hauv qhov chaw nres tsheb. Lawv tau nchuav nrog pob zeb thiab tso tawm tsuas yog tom qab lub mortar hardened.

Tension on concrete

Rebar tuaj yeem ncav cuag tom qab cov pob zeb ua kom tawv. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, cov channel yog sab laug hauv kev daws teeb meem. Lawv nyob twj ywm txawm tias tom qab sib tov tau hardened. Cov pas nrig yog ntxig rau hauv cov channels. Rau qhov no, kub dov qhov cuab lub zog yog siv. Xws li cov pas nrig yog tensioned nrog ib tug jack siv ib tug reactive kis tau tus mob. Qhov no tso cai rau koj los tsim kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke.

Thaum lub zog yuav tsum tau mus txog, qhov kev txhawb nqa tau kho nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm no. Cov cuab yeej raug muab tua, tab sis qhov nro ntawm qhov cuab lub zog yog khaws cia hauv cov pob zeb. Cov channel yog tom qab ntim nrog cov cement mortar nyob rau hauv siab.

Khoom Siv Khoom

Cov pob zeb tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau txiav thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho lossis kho dua tshiab. Hauv qhov no, siv cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb. Cov no yog pob zeb diamond laum uas tso cai rau koj los tsim lub qhov rooj lossis qhov rais qhib. Qee zaum, txiav cov pob zeb ua kom muaj zog yog siv los rhuav tshem cov partitions. Nov yog li cas cov chav tsev studio tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm kho dua tshiab.