Supersonic intercontinental bomber T-4MS ("khoom 200"): cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txoj haujlwm uas tsis muaj sijhawm los ua qhov tseeb, tab sis poob hauv keeb kwm … Muaj pes tsawg tus, zoo tsim nyog thiab tsis nco qab. Ib qho ntawm cov haujlwm no yog lub tswv yim supersonic intercontinental bomber-missile carrier tsim los ntawm lub chaw tsim khoom tsim los ntawm P. O. Sukhoi.

Yam yuavtsum tau kawm uantej rau kev tsim

Raws li feem ntau tshwm sim, cov lus nug ntawm qhov xav tau los tsim kev lag luam aviation, uas twb tau tshwm sim ua ntej, tau tsa dua los ntawm cov tub rog hauv xyoo 1967, thaum qhov kev txiav txim siab tau txiav txim siab hauv Tebchaws Meskas los tsim kom muaj kev cog lus zoo rau cov tub rog. (Advanced Manned Strategic Aircraft). Lub phiaj xwm AMSA pib tsim lub npe nrov B-1, qhov chaw siab tshaj qhov tob tob ntxeem tau lub tswv yim foob pob.

Thiab nyob rau lub Ib Hlis xyoo 1969, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Minister of Aviation Industry, kev sib tw pib ntawm tus tsim bureaus ntawm V. M. Myasishchev, A. N. Tupolev thiab P. O. Sukhoi. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim no, cov tuam txhab lag luam yuav tsum tau ua kev tshawb fawb ntawm lub tswv yim dual-mode aircraft, tsim ib lub zog cog, riam phom missile thiab on-board systems. Tsuas yog creationxov tooj cua-electronic complex tau nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Ministry of radio-electronic kev lag luam. Nws qhov kev txiav txim tau tshwm sim thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo ntawd.

Initial data

Ib tsoom fwv tsab cai nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lig xyoo 1967 tau txiav txim siab cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub dav hlau yav tom ntej.

Nws yuav tsum muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm kev ya davhlau hauv thawj qhov chaw.

Ntawm qhov siab txog li 1.8 km, qhov ceev tau teem rau 3.2-3.5 txhiab km / h. Ntxiv mus, nws tau xav tias nyob rau hauv hom no thiab ntawm subsonic speeds nyob ze av, lub dav hlau yuav tsum ya tsawg kawg yog 11-13 txhiab km, thiab nyob rau hauv high- altitude flights ntawm subsonic flight range yuav tsum yog 16-18 txhiab km.

Txoj hauj lwm kuj tau tshaj tawm ntawm cov riam phom. Nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv tau thiab muaj cov foob pob tawg thiab kho tau ntawm ntau hom thiab lub hom phiaj, thiab cov cuaj luaj cuaj luaj, plaub lub suab nrov Kh-45 Molniya thiab txog 24 aeroballistic Kh-2000s. Tag nrho cov riam phom loj kuj tau teeb tsa - 45 tons.

Pib kev txhim kho

Lub Sukhoi P. O. Tsim Chaw Haujlwm txij li xyoo 1961, kuj los ntawm kev sib tw, tau tsim T-4 supersonic bomber-missile carrier, uas tau txais lub npe thib ob "Sotka" rau qhov loj ntawm 100 tons. Nws yuav tsum ncav cuag qhov ceev ntawm 3000 km / h, kov yeej lub thermal barrier, thiab yog li ntawd yuav luag zoo meej aerodynamics. Cov cuaj luaj cua-rau-hauv av, lub zog cog thiab cov khoom siv navigation tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau nws. Tsuas yog peb caug-peb cov qauv ntawm lub dav hlau tshiab tau pom zoo.

Ntawm nws lub hauv paus thiabib lub tswv yim tshiab dual-mode aircraft T-4MS tau tsim nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws txuas ntxiv nrog tus qauv qub. Txoj kev loj hlob tshiab yuav tsum tau nyob twj ywm: lub tshuab fais fab, twb tau paub cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, qauv tsim thiab kev daws teeb meem, tsim thiab sim on-board systems thiab cov cuab yeej siv, thiab, uas yuav dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis. Lub tshuab txawm tau txais ib txoj cai los ntawm kev sib piv nrog Sotka. Nws qhov hnyav nqa tawm, raws li kev suav ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv, tau mus txog ob puas tons, uas yog vim li cas lub dav hlau T-4MS pib hu ua - "khoom 200".

Txoj kev daws teeb meem tshiab

Hmoov tsis zoo, peb ua tsis tau raws li lub tswv yim zoo. Yog tias koj khaws cov txheej txheem kev teeb tsa, ces qhov ntev thiab qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom tshiab tau nce ntau, tab sis tseem tsis tuaj yeem tso tag nrho cov riam phom.

Yog li ntawd, hauv Sukhoi P. O. cov kws tshaj lij ua ntej txhua tus tau tsim txoj kev tsim qauv tshiab, uas yuav tso cai kom tau txais qhov siab tshaj plaws tau ntim nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntxuav thiab ua kom ntseeg tau qhov chaw ntawm cov riam phom tsim nyog hauv cov khoom ntim khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus qauv tsim yuav tsum nruj raws li qhov ua tau kom lub dav hlau tuaj yeem ya tau ntawm qhov nrawm ze ntawm av.

Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab tshem tawm cov txheej txheem propulsion los ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob ntawm lub dav hlau. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws tau dhau los ua kev hloov kho tshiab nrog rau lwm lub cav. Qhov kev teeb tsa tshiab yuav tsum khaws qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub davhlau thiab cov ntaub ntawv thev naus laus zis ntawm cov khoom tshiab.

BThaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm ntawm tus tsim thiab tsim ib tug aerodynamic layout, lub integrated circuit uas tau ua raws li "flying tis" hom, rotary consoles ntawm ib cheeb tsam me me (me me, tau kawg) tuaj yeem hloov cheb hauv davhlau.

Bomber layout

Ib qhov tsim qauv tshiab ntawm T-4MS dav hlau, pom zoo thaum kawg ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1970, ua lub hauv paus rau kev txhim kho ntawm qhov project ua ntej.

Cov qauv ntawm qhov kev teeb tsa no tau raug tshuab hauv TsAGI cua qhov thiab pom cov txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb ob qho tib si ntawm subsonic davhlau ceev thiab ntawm supersonic ceev.

Vim rau thaj tsam me me ntawm cov consoles teb thiab lub cev txhawb nqa ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab, qhov elastic deformation ntawm tis thaum ya davhlau ze hauv av tau ploj mus.

Tib lub sijhawm, cheb ntawm cov consoles hloov pauv hauv thaj tsam ntawm 30 ° txog 72 °.

hmoov tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg, tab sis tag nrho lub xyoo tom ntej tau mob siab rau ua tiav qhov kev ua ntej.

Lub thickness thiab cov duab ntawm lub tis profile tau hloov mus ntxiv txhim kho aerodynamic zoo. Kev siv supercritical profiles yuav tsum tau ua kom lub nkoj subsonic ceev. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav yuav ua li cas tis bevels tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab fais fab thiab ntsug tus Tsov tus tw. Ua hauj lwm txuas ntxiv ntawm kev xaiv cov duab ntawm lub tis txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg thiab kev tswj hwm ntawm lub tshuab.

Qhov zoo tshaj plaws tsim thiab lub zog lub tswv yim ntawm airframe tau raug xaiv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau nce cov roj rov qab los.

Ua haujlwm rau kab laum

Txhua qhov kev tsim kho tau sim hauv TsAGI cua qhov. Yog li ntawd, cov kws tshaj lij pom tias lub dav hlaukev sib raug zoo tsis zoo, muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tsawg kawg yog 5%. Nws tau txiav txim siab los kho qhov layout ntxiv.

Vim li ntawd, tus Tsov tus tw kab rov tav thiab lub qhov ntswg ntev tau tshwm sim hauv T-4MS qhov txawv. Nyob rau hauv ib tug version, lub qhov ntswg txawm muaj ib tug zoo li rab koob. Tab sis tseem, ib tug layout tau saws rau kev txhim kho ntxiv, nyob rau hauv uas lub qhov ntswg yog me ntsis elongated, dua li nws, tsuas yog engine nacelles, ntsug tail nrog ob keels, thiab teb tis consoles protruded noticeably los ntawm lub fuselage. Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb tau them rau qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txo qhov pom ntawm cov yeeb ncuab radars.

Kev piav qhia ntawm T-4MS foob pob

Lub dav hlau yuav tsum tau ya los ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm peb, uas tau nyob hauv qhov chaw qis qis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tus thawj coj ntawm lub nkoj, tus kws tsav dav hlau thiab tus neeg tsav nkoj-tus neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ya mus rau hauv qhov chaw, txawm tias lub cockpit ntawm ob qhov chaw yog airtight. Lub hauv ntej compartment yog npaj rau pilots, thiab rear compartment rau navigator. Txij li thaum lub canopy xyaum tsis protrude, tshwj xeeb flaps tau muab los txhim kho visibility thaum takeoff thiab tsaws.

Lub rooj tshem tawm tau ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev ntawm lub dav hlau khiav ntawm qhov siab thiab ceev, suav nrog thaum tsaws thiab tawm mus.

Cov khoom siv xov tooj cua-electronic nyob rau hauv lub nkoj muaj xws li navigation, davhlau systems, xov tooj cua kev sib txuas lus thiab kev tiv thaiv systems, xam, tiv thaiv-sighting systems, missile yug thiab tswj systems.

Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub dav hlau, uas tau txhais tias yog supersonic intercontinental bomber,ua:

- ntev - 41.2 m;

- qhov siab - 8 m;

- ntu ntu nruab nrab - 14.4 m;

- wingspan ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 30 ° - 40.8 m;

- tis thaj tsam ntawm 30 ° - 97.5 sq.m.

kwv yees qhov hnyav ntawm lub dav hlau yog 170 tons.

foob pob hluav taws

Hauv ntu ntu, hauv ob lub gondolas sib nrug, muaj plaub NK-101 DTRDs ua khub. Qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm lawv txhua tus yog 20,000 kgf. Nws tau xav tias cov cav yuav muab qhov zoo ntawm lub cav bypass hauv kev caij nkoj ntawm subsonic speeds thiab turbojet thaum acceleration thiab hauv supersonic davhlau.

Cov nacelles muaj pav ca kho cua kom sib cais los ntawm kev muab faib rau txhua lub cav, tiv thaiv los ntawm icing thiab ingress ntawm txawv teb chaws khoom.

Ntxiv rau cov cav, lub tshuab fais fab suav nrog cov tshuab rau refueling lub dav hlau hauv av thiab hauv huab cua, ua kom lub cav, kev siv roj thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev, kev kub ntxhov, cua txias, thiab hluav taws kub.

Cov roj tso tsheb hlau luam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm qhov chaw.

xov xwm dav hlau

Lub dav hlau tau tsim los rau kev ya davhlau ntev heev. Raws li kev suav, nws tuaj yeem ya yam tsis muaj refueling hauv davhlau nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua ib txwm muaj 9 tons ntawm kev caij nkoj ceev ntawm 900 km / h (subsonic) 14 txhiab km, thiab ntawm 3000 km / h (supersonic) - 9 txhiab km.

Ntawm qhov siab, tus foob pob tuaj yeem ya ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 3.2 txhiab km / h, ze hauv av - 1.1 txhiab km / h.

Tam sim noqhov siab tshaj plaws uas, raws li kev suav, ib lub dav hlau tuaj yeem nce siab yog 24,000 m.

Nrog cov huab hwm coj loj, kev khiav tawm yog 100 m, thiab qhov ntev ntawm kev khiav tom qab tsaws yog 950 m.

riam phom ntawm nkoj

Tus kwv yees lub foob pob yog 9 tons ntawm kev poob dawb thiab sib koom ua foob pob.

Lub cog lus T-4MS cov foob pob hluav taws yuav tsum nqa los ntawm ob mus rau plaub qhov ntev Kh-45 Molniya kua-propellant missiles, uas tau tsim tshwj xeeb rau T-4 qhov project, nrog rau ARLGSN kev taw qhia thiab ib cumulative high-explosive warhead. Lawv qhov tshwj xeeb yog xov tooj cua-pob tshab ncaj ncees. Qhov ntev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws yog li 10 m, qhov hnyav tshaj tawm yog 5 tons, lub load yog 0.5 tons. Nws lub dav hlau dav dav yog 1.5 txhiab km, dav hlau ceev txog li 9 txhiab km / h.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub dav hlau tau ua tub rog txog li 24 Kh-2000 missiles nrog INS kev taw qhia, nrog rau kev tua ntau txog 300 km, lub davhlau ceev txog 2 M thiab qhov hnyav ntawm 1 t.

Ntau hom riam phom, foob pob hluav taws, foob pob hluav taws, riam phom mine-torpedo, cov foob pob pov tseg, tau nyob hauv ob qhov chaw sab hauv uas muaj qhov cua thiab tiv thaiv cua sov, kev thauj mus los thiab kev poob.

Contest results

Ntxiv rau lub hlwb ntawm P. O. MAP ntawm pawg kws tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1972.

Tu-160 tau pib tsis lees paub los ntawm cov tub rog vim qhov sib xws ntau dhau nrog cov neeg caij dav hlau. M-20 txaus siab rau cov tub rog, tab sis lub tuam txhab tsim tshiab tsim tsis taumuaj peev xwm ntau lawm rau serial ntau lawm ntawm lub tshuab.

T-4MS tau txais kev saib xyuas dav dav thiab tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, tab sis … Tib lub sijhawm, ib tug tshiab fighter tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub Design Bureau nyob rau hauv kev coj ntawm P. O. Sukhoi, uas tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj SU. -27, ua haujlwm tau ua los tsim kev hloov kho ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws uas twb muaj lawm Su-24 thiab Su-17M. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam tau txiav txim siab tias cov haujlwm no hauv "lub teeb" aviation tseem ceeb dua, thiab lub chaw tsim khoom tsim yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv ob qhov chaw sib txawv.

Yog li nws tau tshwm sim tias qhov project ntawm Sukhoi P. O. Design Bureau yeej qhov kev sib tw, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntxiv tau ua los ntawm A. N. Tupolev Design Bureau. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus thawj coj ntawm Air Force P. S. Kutakhov tau hais kom hloov tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv mus rau Tupolevs, tab sis lawv tsis kam thiab txuas ntxiv txhim kho lawv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej.

Yog li ntawd, ib lub dav hlau uas muaj kwv yees li ntawm tib lub sijhawm them nyiaj thiab lub davhlau ntau ntawm subsonic speeds, tab sis nrog lub davhlau hnyav dua 35% thiab ib nrab ntawm lub davhlau ntau ntawm superzoom tshaj qhov nws tuaj yeem ua tau yog tias tau txais yog qhov project ntawm P. O. Sukhoi..

Tam sim tom qab qhov kawg ntawm kev sib tw, kev ua haujlwm ntawm T-4MS qhov project raug tso tseg. Lub dav hlau yeej tsis pom lub ntuj, tab sis cov tswv yim uas yug thaum lub sij hawm nws txoj kev loj hlob yog embodied nyob rau hauv tib lub Tu-160, thiab nyob rau hauv lub Su-27 thiab MiG-29 fighters.