"Lee-Enfield" - rab phom Askiv. Nqe lus piav qhia, yam ntxwv, duab

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Ntiaj teb riam phom keeb kwm paub ntau qhov xwm txheej thaum qee cov phom ntev dhau los ua "lub ntsej muag" tiag tiag ntawm lawv lub sijhawm. Qhov no yog peb "peb tus thawj tswj hwm", tib yam yog Lee-Enfield phom. Txog rau tam sim no, cov neeg sau khoom thoob ntiaj teb tuaj yeem them tus nqi tsim nyog rau txhua tus neeg muaj hmoo uas tuaj yeem muab lawv cov qauv ntawm cov riam phom no zoo meej. Hauv UK nws tus kheej, phom ntawm hom no muaj qhov tseem ceeb ib yam li cov lus dab neeg Mosquito muaj nyob hauv peb lub tebchaws.

Nws pib li cas?

Thawj rab phom Askiv ntawm hom no tau txais los ntawm Royal Army xyoo 1895. Qhov tseeb, nws tus thawj coj ncaj ncees yog Lee-Enfield phom ntawm xyoo 1853. Interestingly, qhov riam phom no yog Ameslikas tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov hmoov dub. Thaum lawv tau sim cov cartridges nrog cov qauv tsis muaj pa luam yeeb, nws tam sim ntawd paub meej tias riam phom tsis haum rau lawv siv.

Cov neeg Askiv yuav tsum tau tsim lub thoob tshiab sai sai nrog rau kev teeb tsa phom sib txawv. Tau kawg, qhov pom kuj tau hloov kho. Tus tshiab Lee-Enfield tau ua pov thawj tag nrho nws "kev tsim nyog" thaum lub sijhawm tsov rog Anglo-Boer ntshav.

Yog tias koj nyeem cov dab neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj thaum nws tseem yog menyuam yaus, ces tej zaum koj yuav nco ntsoov txog "kev xyaum" thiab "fittings" uas tso cai rau koj ntaus cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev deb uas txwv tsis pub lub sijhawm ntawd. Raws li qhov tseeb, feem ntau nws tsuas yog hais txog lus Askiv "Lee-Enfield", txij li Boers (Dutch colonists) siv feem ntau German "Mausers".

Los ntawm txoj kev, cov khoom ntawm cov neeg German hauv cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb no tau ua pov thawj tias zoo dua, tab sis cov neeg nyiam Askiv tau tshaj tawm lawv tus kheej rab phom, uas txij li ntawd los tau feem ntau hu ua "drill".

Cov xwm txheej African tau qhia dab tsi?

Great Britain yeej kev tsov rog ntawd, tab sis pab tub rog tau raug kev txom nyem ntau los ntawm Mausers raug. Tsis xav tsis thoob, lawv tau thov kom hloov kho sai ntawm lawv cov phom ntev. Tias yog vim li cas twb nyob rau hauv 1903 ib tug tshiab qauv tshwm sim - SMLE Mk I. Nws txawv li cas ntawm nws predecessors?

Ua raws li cov piv txwv ntawm cov neeg German, cov neeg Askiv tau txiav txim siab ua ib yam dab tsi nruab nrab ntawm lub cavalry carbine thiab rab phom "full-fledged" loj (zoo li Mauser K98). Qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim siab ncaj ncees tag nrho, txij li thaum nyob rau hauv kev ua tsov ua rog nws tau pom tseeb tias cov tub rog tau maj mam poob nws qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov tub rog mounted tas li yuav tsum tau txav mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Hauv xyoo 1907, ua haujlwmtau txais kev hloov kho ntawm SMLE Mk. III, uas yog qhov txawv ntawm lub peev xwm kom them sai sai los ntawm cov clips. Qhov phom Lee-Enfield no tau siv dav thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib ib thiab ua pov thawj tias nws zoo heev. Cov tub rog nyiam qhov riam phom no rau nws qhov tseeb thiab raug. Xyoo 1916, ib qho "nruab nrab" version ntawm rab phom no tau txais yuav, uas tuaj yeem tsim los siv cov cuab yeej yooj yim, uas yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua tsov rog.

Vim li cas cov tub rog nyiam riam phom heev?

Txawm hais tias qee qhov kev siv thev naus laus zis "tricks", cov neeg Askiv tau tswj hwm los tsim riam phom uas ntseeg tau zoo heev. Muaj cov xwm txheej thaum cov tub rog qhwv lub qhov rooj nrog cov ntaub npog oiled, tom qab ntawd lawv txuas ntxiv mus sib ntaus, txawm tias pw hauv dej ntawm trenches. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev foob pob hluav taws tsis tu ncua los ntawm cov phom loj, thaum tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm trenches tau npog nrog txheej txheej av nkos thiab xuab zeb, kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov phom loj no tsuas yog khoom plig los ntawm saum toj no.

Kev txhim kho ntxiv

Ua ntej Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II, kev hloov kho SMLE No.1 (SMLE No.4 Mk. I) tau txais yuav. Cov kev tsim kho tshiab tseem ceeb cuam tshuam txog kev tsim lub thoob ruaj khov dua, ib qho yooj yim thiab thev naus laus zis tau txais. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, qhov pom kev yooj yim diopter tau tshwm sim, txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm lub hom phiaj thiab hluav taws.

Yog tias koj piv cov phom tshiab nrog kev hloov kho yav dhau los, nws tau dhau los ua qhov yooj yim dua thiab ntseeg tau ntau dua. Kev tu riam phom pib siv sijhawm tsawg dua. Lub shutter stroke ua luv, nws yuav ua tau sai thiab yooj yim rau distort. Thaum kawg, qhov hluav taws kub ntawm rab phom notshaj qhov Mauser thawj zaug.

About " hnyav" yam ntxwv

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov tub rog Askiv tau sau tseg tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb - qhov hnyav. Tsuas yog qhov kev hloov kho thib tsib hnyav 3.3 kg, thiab tag nrho lwm yam muaj nyob hauv 4 kg (Rifle No. 4 Mk. Kuv hnyav 4.11 kg). Ntawm qhov tod tes, peb " yoov tshaj cum" nrog ib lub bayonet rub tawm tag nrho 4.5 kg, yog li qhov tsis txaus ntseeg no yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tawm tsam keeb kwm ntawm lwm tus neeg sib tw. Los ntawm txoj kev, "Mauser K98" kuj hnyav txog 4.1 kg, yog li ntawm no - tag nrho parity.

Sniper "kev hloov pauv" thiab lwm yam kev hloov kho

Raws li qhov kev hloov kho tshiab kawg, sniper phom loj kuj tau pib tsim, txij li qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib cais ntawm riam phom rau "cov neeg tua raug tseeb" los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tau dhau los ua pom tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg Askiv tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom sib cais: cov riam phom tsuas yog xaiv los ntawm qhov dav dav, raws li qhov tseeb thiab qhov tseeb (lawv tau ua ib yam nrog peb thiab hauv Wehrmacht). Cov npe ntawm kev hloov kho sniper - SMLE No.4 Mk. I(T).

Xyoo 1944, kev sib ntaus sib tua pib hauv Burma thiab lwm thaj chaw ntawm Asia, los ntawm qhov chaw uas cov neeg Askiv tau sim ntiab cov Nyij Pooj, uas yooj yim tshem cov neeg Askiv tawm ntawm qhov ntawd thaum pib ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Nws sai sai tau pom tseeb tias nrog cov phom ntev, cov tub rog tub rog xav tias muaj kev txwv nruj heev hauv hav zoov, txij li lub thoob ntev heev txwv lawv txoj kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ua haujlwm.

Vim qhov no, cov neeg tsim khoom sai tsim Rifle No. 5 ua mk. Kuv Jungle Carbine. Cov phom loj no muaj lub suab nrov nrov flash, thiabmuaj ib tug heev shortened chim thiab forearm. Tab sis cov tub rog tsis nyiam qhov kev hloov kho no rau ntau qhov laj thawj, cov qauv no tsis tau siv dav hauv cov tub rog.

Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov ntau ntawm cov riam phom no yog dab tsi? Nws yog qhov zoo heev: thawj qhov kev hloov kho muaj 2743 meters, Rifle No. 5 ua mk. Kuv Jungle - 1000 meters. Yog lawm, tag nrho cov no yog "nees nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev", txij li thaum nyob rau hauv kev xyaum qhov zoo firing range tsis tshaj 500-900 meters, tab sis cov txiaj ntsig (txawm tias niaj hnub no cov qauv) yog qhov zoo heev. Lub bayonet tau npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua: Lee-Enfield tau nruab nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj, uas tseem muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm cov neeg sau khoom.

Tales and "yuav yos hav zoov"

Txog thaum kawg ntawm 50s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem, riam phom no tau ua haujlwm nrog Royal Army. Raws li txoj cai, rab phom ntawm ib qho ntawm cov qauv piav qhia saum toj no tseem tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim hauv cov teb chaws uas yog cov tebchaws Askiv. Nws paub tias hauv Afghanistan, cov Mujahideen nquag siv Enfields hauv kev tawm tsam ntawm peb cov tub rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov dab neeg piav qhia txog kev siv tiag tiag ntawm "Boers" tau nce ntau ntau.

Piv txwv li, nws muaj peev xwm pom zoo tias cov mos txwv raug rho tawm los ntawm rab phom Askiv qub tiag tiag nkag mus rau tus qauv tub rog lub cev armor. Tab sis cov dab neeg hais txog lub wrecked … armored neeg nqa khoom!? Txhawm rau muab nws me me, cov ntaub ntawv no ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, txij li cov cuab yeej ntawm BTR-70/80 tuav, txawm tias tsis yog taw tes-blank, caliber 12.7 hli. Tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias Soviet thauj nyoob hoom qav taub raug tua ntau zaus los ntawm Boers.

Ib tus tuaj yeem pom zoo nrog qhov no: "MI-8" tsis muaj armor li ib chav kawm, yog li tsis muaj dab tsi xav tsis thoob hauv cov ntu no. Thaum kawg, hauv Nyab Laj, Asmeskas Hughs kuj raug tua los ntawm cov phom yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Hauv ib lo lus, kev tsis sib haum xeeb txog qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm Anfield tseem tab tom ua, thiab tsis muaj qhov kawg ntawm qhov pom.

Specifications

Los ntawm qhov kev pom zoo, rab phom Askiv yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm riam phom nrog phau ntawv rov qab thiab lub qhov rooj zawv zawg. Lub ntsiab feature yog kaum-shot magazine, uas, txawm hais tias nws nyiam nyiam qhov ntev ntawm "drill", tsis yog tshem tawm. Qhov no pom tau meej meej hauv daim duab ntawm riam phom.

Yooj yim tso, koj yuav tsum tau them nws los ntawm kev thawb lub qhov rooj mus rau qhov chaw siab (raws li peb tus kav lossis Mauser). Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv qhov tob ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas muaj ib lub latch uas siv tau los tshem tawm cov ntawv xov xwm. Txawm hais tias qhov kev xaiv no tsuas yog siv thaum yuav tsum tau ua tiav tu lossis hloov ib feem.

Ambition

Kev them nyiaj yog ua tiav los ntawm lub qhov rais ntev hauv lub receiver. Nws, raws li peb tau hais los saum no, tso tawm tsuas yog thaum lub qhov rooj qhib tag nrho. Nws muaj peev xwm thauj khoom riam phom nrog ib daim cartridge thiab nrog clips, txhua tus muaj tsib daim cartridges. Raws li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov phom ntev ntawm lub sij hawm ntawd, tshwj xeeb grooves tau milled nyob rau hauv lub receiver nws tus kheej rau qhov yooj yim ntawm tom kawg hom ntawm loading.

Los ntawm txoj kev, dab tsi cartridge siv ntawm no? "Lee Enfield" nruab heevcov mos txwv tshwj xeeb: caliber.303 British, uas nyob rau hauv tib neeg metric system yog 7.7 hli. Lub tes tsho ntev - 56 mm. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tus thawj caliber ntawm riam phom yog 7.69 hli, tab sis tom qab ntawd, vim qhov kev hloov mus rau ib tug tshiab rifling system, nws yuav tsum tau hloov.

Shutter thiab Trigger Specifications

Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub shutter muaj ob tug protrusions, vim hais tias lub thoob tau ruaj ntseg xauv. Thaum lub shutter raug kaw, tus txhais tau cocked txiav. Tus kov ntawm tus kov rau reloading yog me ntsis khoov, qis qis. Lub shutter nws tus kheej yog heev yooj yim mus use, muaj ib tug "khoom", tab sis, ntxiv rau, ib tug luv luv stroke. Vim yog qhov xwm txheej kawg, qhov hluav taws kub tau nce ntxiv, uas Lee-Enfield phom ntev ib txwm muaj npe nrov rau.

USM (uas yog, lub tshuab ua haujlwm) yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws, hom ntaus. Muaj ib lub fuse nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub receiver. Tsis zoo li peb tus thawj tswj hwm, qhov kev nthuav dav ntawm "Lus Askiv" yog qhov yooj yim heev, koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog lub fuse nrog tus ntiv tes ntawm ib txhais tes yam tsis hloov qhov tuav ntawm riam phom.

Tsis tas li ntawd, Lee-Enfield phom loj muaj ob theem pib, uas tau txhim kho qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua. Lub caj dab ntawm lub pob tw tau nthuav dav heev: muaj qhov yuav luag "pistol" zoo li, nws yog ergonomic heev, uas txhim kho qhov tuav ntawm riam phom.

Yog tias koj saib ze ntawm lub pob tw, koj tuaj yeem pom peb qhov me me hauv nws: ib qho yog tsim los khaws cov cuab yeej ntxuav, lwm ob yog xav tau los txo qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm riam phom. Feem ntau, ntoontau yam qauv: daim duab ntawm riam phom qhia tau hais tias tag nrho cov ntaub yog ua los ntawm cov khoom no.