Sectors ntawm manufacturing sector. Kev faib tawm ntawm kev lag luam

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txhua cov haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws tau muab faib ua ob thaj chaw loj: kev tsim khoom thiab tsis tsim khoom. Lub hav zoov ntawm cov koom haum koom nrog pab pawg thib ob (kev coj noj coj ua, kev kawm, kev pabcuam rau cov neeg siv khoom, kev tswj hwm) yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev lag luam ntawm thawj.

Kev lag luam ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam: txhais

Qhia txog qhov no ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam kev lag luam uas ua cov dej num txhawm rau tsim kev nplua nuj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov koom haum ntawm pab pawg no txheeb, txav mus, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntsiab lus tseeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog raws li hauv qab no: "Cov chaw lag luam uas tsim cov khoom siv thiab muab cov kev pabcuam khoom siv."

Kev faib tawm dav dav

Nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag, kev tsim sector plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb heev. Nws yog cov tuam txhab lag luam ntsig txog nws tsim cov nyiaj tau los hauv lub tebchaws thiab cov xwm txheej rau kev tsim cov khoom tsis yog khoom. Muaj cov ceg tseem ceeb hauv qab no ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam:

• kev lag luam,
• nyob debkev khwv nyiaj txiag,
• construction,
• thauj,
• kev lag luam thiab khoom noj,
• logistics.

Kev lag luam

Qhov kev lag luam no suav nrog cov lag luam koom nrog kev rho tawm thiab ua cov khoom siv raw, kev tsim cov khoom siv, kev tsim hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv, thiab lwm lub koom haum zoo sib xws, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm thaj chaw xws li kev tsim khoom.. Ceg ntawm kev lag luam ntsig txog kev lag luam tau muab faib ua:

• Kev lag luam fais fab. Cov tuam txhab lag luam suav nrog hauv pab pawg no tau koom nrog kev tsim thiab kev xa tawm ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, nrog rau kev tswj hwm nws qhov muag thiab kev siv. Kev tsim khoom ntawm txhua yam yam tsis muaj lub koom haum ua haujlwm li no tsis yooj yim sua.
• Metallurgy. Qhov kev lag luam no, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib ua ob sub-sectors: non-ferrous thiab ferrous. Thawj suav nrog kev lag luam koom nrog kev rho tawm cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig (kub, nyiaj, platinum), pob zeb diamond, tooj liab, npib tsib xee, thiab lwm yam. Ferrous metallurgy cov nroj tsuag tsuas yog tsim cov hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau.
• Kev lag luam roj. Cov qauv ntawm kev lag luam no suav nrog cov lag luam koom nrog kev rho tawm cov thee, roj thiab roj.
• Tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam. Cov khoom siv thev naus laus zis ntawm hom no tsim cov khoom lag luam rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Cov tom kawg tuaj yeem muab faib ua plaub yam tseem ceeb: cov tshuaj yooj yim thiab tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv, cov khoom txhawb nqa lub neej.
• Kev lag luam ntoo. Rau pab pawg nosuav nrog cov tuam txhab uas sau cov cav, tsim cov ntoo, nrog rau cov ntawv, cov ntaub so ntswg, cov khoom sib tw, thiab lwm yam.
• Engineering thiab metalworking. Cov chaw tsim khoom hauv cheeb tsam no tau koom nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv, cov cuab yeej thiab cov tshuab.
• Kev lag luam teeb. Cov lag luam ntawm pab pawg no tsuas yog tsim cov khoom siv: khaub ncaws, khau, rooj tog, thiab lwm yam.
• Kev lag luam khoom siv. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov nroj tsuag hauv kev lag luam no yog tsim cov khoom tsim rau kev tsim vaj tsev thiab cov khoom siv (cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, cib, blocks, plasters, rwb thaiv tsev, waterproofing, thiab lwm yam.
• iav kev lag luam. Cov qauv ntawm qhov kev lag luam no tseem suav nrog cov chaw tsim khoom rau kev tsim cov plooj (porcelain) thiab faience. Tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv no sub-sector tsim tais diav, huv si ware, qhov rais iav, iav, thiab lwm yam.

Tag nrho cov lag luam kev lag luam raug faib ua ob pawg loj:

• Producing - mines, quarries, mines, qhov dej.
• Kev Ua Haujlwm - sib txuas, cov chaw tsim khoom, kev cob qhia.

Agriculture

Qhov no kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ntawm lub xeev kev lag luam, poob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm "kev lag luam sector". Cov ceg ntawm kev lag luam ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev tsim khoom thiab ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom noj khoom haus. Lawv muab faib ua ob pawg: tsiaj txhu thiab qoob loo. Cov qauv ntawm thawj suav nrog kev lag luam koom nrog:

• Nyob yug nyuj. Kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov tsiaj txhu loj thiab me tso caimuab cov khoom noj tseem ceeb rau pej xeem xws li nqaij thiab mis nyuj.
• npua yug. Cov tuam txhab ntawm pab pawg no muab lard thiab nqaij rau lub khw.
• Fur farming. Wearables yog tsim los ntawm cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov tsiaj me. Feem coob ntawm cov khoom no raug xa tawm.
• qaib. Cov tuam txhab ua liaj ua teb ntawm pab pawg no muab cov nqaij noj, qe thiab plaub rau kev ua lag luam.

Kev tsim qoob loo suav nrog cov ntu ntu xws li:

• Kev cog qoob loo. Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws sub-sector ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws. Kev lag luam ua liaj ua teb ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom no tau koom nrog kev cog qoob loo ntawm cov nplej, rye, barley, oats, millet, thiab lwm yam. Cov qib ntawm kev muab cov pej xeem nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb xws li qhob cij, hmoov nplej, cereals nyob ntawm seb qhov kev lag luam zoo li cas. tsim tawm.
• zaub cog. Hom kev ua ub no hauv peb lub tebchaws yog ua los ntawm cov koom haum me thiab nruab nrab, nrog rau ua liaj ua teb.
• Txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob thiab viticulture. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm lub teb chaws. Cov tuam txhab ua liaj ua teb ntawm pab pawg no muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cawv rau kev ua lag luam.

Kev cog qoob loo thiab cov haujlwm me me xws li qos yaj ywm loj hlob, cog flax, loj hlob melon, thiab lwm yam.

Kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb yog suav tias yog cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb sib npaug hauv lub tebchaws kev lag luam yog ua los ntawm cov lag luam thiab lwm pab pawg uas cuam tshuam nrog lawv.kev sib tham.

Kev koom tes ntawm pab pawg no yog koom nrog kev tsim vaj tsev thiab vaj tse. Nws tuaj yeem yog ob qho khoom siv hauv tsev, thiab kab lis kev cai, kev tswj hwm lossis kev lag luam. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov koom haum tsim kho tsim cov phiaj xwm rau cov tsev thiab cov qauv, rov tsim kho lawv, nthuav dav, kho dua tshiab, thiab lwm yam.

Yog tag nrho lwm cov ceg ntawm cov khoom lag luam sib cuam tshuam nrog pab pawg ntawm cov lag luam ntawm hom no. Cov tuam txhab tsim kho tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv cov lus txib thiab los ntawm cov koom haum tshwj xeeb lossis cov tib neeg.

Kev thauj mus los

Cov koom haum ntawm cheeb tsam no ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom ua tiav thiab cov khoom tiav. Nws suav nrog cov kev lag luam hauv qab no:

• Kev thauj mus los. Cov tuam txhab hauv pab pawg no feem ntau xa cov khoom hla luv luv.
• Marine. Hom kev thauj no feem ntau yog kev thauj mus los txawv teb chaws (cov khoom siv roj thiab roj). Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tuam txhab lag luam hiav txwv ua haujlwm rau thaj chaw deb ntawm lub tebchaws.
• Kev thauj mus los. Nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam tsim kev lag luam, tsheb ciav hlau yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev thauj khoom xa khoom mus ntev.
• Aviation. Cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv cheeb tsam ntawm kev lag luam thauj khoom no feem ntau koom nrog kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom lag luam perishable.

Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab ntawm pawg thauj ncaj qhanyob ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov lag luam hauv kev lag luam xws li kev ua liaj ua teb, kev lag luam, kev tsim kho, thiab lwm yam. Ntxiv rau cov uas tau tham saum toj no, thaj chaw ntawm cov khoom lag luam no suav nrog cov koom haum uas thauj cov roj, cov khoom ntawm nws cov kev ua, roj av., etc.

Kev lag luam

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb sib npaug hauv lub tebchaws kev lag luam yog ua los ntawm kev lag luam xws li:

• wholesale;
• retail;
• kev.

Nws cov kev kawm yog cov tuam txhab thiab cov koom haum koom nrog kev muag cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev pabcuam. Cov chaw tsim khoom noj muaj xws li canteens, barbecues, cafes, khw noj mov, pizzerias, bistros, thiab lwm yam.

Logistics

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm cov haujlwm no ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog kev lag luam kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb, thiab lwm yam nrog cov peev txheej ua haujlwm: cov khoom siv, ntim khoom, cov khoom seem, hnav cov khoom siv ceev ceev thiab cov cuab yeej, thiab lwm yam. pab pawg ntawm cov khoom siv thiab kev tshaj lij kuj suav nrog cov koom haum koom nrog hauv kev muab khoom thiab kev lag luam.

Yog li, cov ceg ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam, cov ntsiab lus uas tau muab rau thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm no, yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam tag nrho thiab, xws liyog li ntawd, kev loj hlob ntawm kev noj qab nyob zoo ntawm nws cov pej xeem.