2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
Yuft - yog dab tsi? Ntau tus tau hnov lo lus no, thiab ntau tus paub tias yuft yog hom tawv. Tab sis dab tsi yog nws cov khoom thiab nws sawv cev li cas? Nws yog dab tsi thiab dab tsi yog siv los tsim?
History
Keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab yuft (uas yog hom tawv no hu ua) originated nyob rau hauv Peter lub sij hawm. Peter I, ntxiv rau lwm lub xeev cov xwm txheej, txiav txim siab los tshawb xyuas hauv kev lag luam tawv thiab tsis txaus siab rau qhov tseeb tias, nrog rau cov khoom siv tawv tawv ntau, cov tuam txhab tsim khoom hauv tsev tsis tau ua nws, tab sis muag rau cov neeg txawv teb chaws. nws daim ntawv nyoos, ces yuav npaj-ua sawv daws yuav los ntawm lawv ntawm tus nqi siab. Russia tawv khoom. Ib tsab cai lij choj tau tshaj tawm txwv tsis pub xa tawm cov tawv nqaij nyoos mus rau txawv teb chaws, thiab cov neeg ua lag luam Lavxias tau kawm yuav ua li cas ua yuft sai sai. Tsis ntev lawv tau los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb hauv nws cov khoom.
The unique technology was:
- ntau lub hlis ntawm kev khaws nyuj, tsawg dua mos mos tawv hauv cov hlab ntsha nrog oatmeal lossis rye hmoov thiab poov xab;
- nyob rau hauv soaking lawv nyob rau hauv tannic kua txiv siv ntau hom ntoo, feem ntau cov no yog willows, larches,poplars thiab oaks;
- tes-tiav nrog whale los yog foob roj thiab smeared nrog birch tar.
Qhov tseem ceeb greasing (thaum tsawg kawg 25% ntawm qhov loj ntawm yuft yog cov roj) muab cov tawv nqaij Lavxias txawv txawv elasticity thiab softness, nrog rau cov tsis muaj dej noo tsis kam. Txog rau hnub no, cov lus qhia ntxaws tseem tsis tau khaws cia, uas yuav piav qhia txhua theem ntawm kev ua yuft. Tab sis nws paub tias tag nrho cov txheej txheem siv los ntawm 18 lub hlis mus rau 2 xyoos.
Nyob ntawm txoj kev ua tiav kawg thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv, peb hom yuft tau txawv: liab, dawb thiab dub. Cov tawv nqaij zoo tshaj plaws tau xaiv rau cov dawb, thiab cov txheej txheem fattening yog hnyav heev. Dawb yuft feem ntau yog siv rau cov kev xav tau ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias. Cov hnab looj tes, hnab ntim khoom, khau khiab thiab lwm yam mos txwv tub rog tau sewn los ntawm nws. Liab yuft tau ua nyob rau hauv yuav luag tib yam li dawb, tab sis nws yog lubricated thaum qhuav nrog ib tug tov ntawm alum, stained nrog mahogany. Cov yuft dub tau dyed dub nrog hlau ntsev tom qab tanning. Nws tau siv rau kev noj hauv tsev - khau tau sewn los ntawm nws thiab cov tsheb thauj khoom tau ua.
Present
hnub no yog dab tsi? Nws yog cov khoom siv mos, elastic. Nws yog qhov xav tau ntau heev hauv kev lag luam khau. Cov tawv nqaij ntawm yuft yog tuab heev thiab ntom, tab sis tsis dhau, qhov no tso cai rau nws nyob twj ywm mos.
Cov tawv no yog khau thiab khau khiab. Lawv txawv ntawm ib leeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov qualities: yog hais tias tus thawj yog hnav tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhuav tej yam kev mob, txij li thaum nws yog heev permeable rau ya raws, ces. Qhov thib ob yog hnav nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si qhuav thiab ntub dej. Qhov khoom yog tias khau tawv muaj cov rog tsawg, thiab yog li ntawd ua kom cov dej noo ntau dua.
Sandal Russian tawv yog ua los ntawm cov khoom ua pa. Nws kuj yog nyias nyias, zoo li glossy, raws li nws yog sanded.
Tam sim no, yuft dub yog nrov heev. Tab sis dawb tseem suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws - cov khoom siv raw zoo tshaj plaws kuj tau xaiv rau nws. Muaj zog, tau kawg, thev naus laus zis tsis tau hloov pauv - daim tawv nqaij kuj tseem nplua nuj fattened. Ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom tiav los ntawm kev sib tsoo thiab staining.
Tseem muaj ntau yam tawv li cov yuft-resistant. Nws yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog tawv kho nrog fatliquoring tus neeg sawv cev thiab aqueous dispersions ntawm polymers nrog tsawg dej permeability thiab nce tshav kub kuj.
Yufti khoom
Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm yuft suav nrog:
- softness;
- muaj zog thiab kav ntev;
- Yplasticity;
- flex resistance;
- dej resistant.
khau los ntawm yuft thiab lwm yam khau
Ib zaug ib zaug khau thiab khau boots ua los ntawm yuft tau nquag siv hauv tub rog. Txhua yam ntawm cov khoom tseem raug tsim, uas yog ua ke los ntawm tarpaulin thiab yuft. Sab saum toj ntawm cov khoom yog ua los ntawm tarpaulin, thiab ib feem ntawm kev sib cuag nrog ko taw yog ua los ntawm ntuj yuft.
Tab sis khau pob taws tsis yog ib yam uas yog tsim los ntawm nws, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau cov khau pej xeem. Feem ntau cov no yog cov qauv ua haujlwm: rau cov tsim, geologists, installers, rau cov neeg soj ntsuamthiab lwm yam. Thaum tshav kub kub-resistant yuft yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov khau tshwj xeeb. Nkawm khau kuj muaj xws li: ballerinas, khau boots, tawv khau ntaub thiab lwm yam.
Kab lus no piav qhia luv luv tias nws yog dab tsi - yuft, nws muaj dab tsi, hom twg nws tuaj yeem ua tau.
Nws tseem tsim nyog paub tias qhov zoo ntawm cov tawv Lavxias yuav tsum ua raws li cov qauv ntawm GOST 485-82.
Pom zoo:
Keeb kwm credit tsis zoo - nws yog dab tsi? Qhov twg kom tau txais cov nyiaj qiv nrog keeb kwm credit tsis zoo
Tsis ua tiav koj cov luag haujlwm ua rau muaj keeb kwm qiv nyiaj puas, uas ua rau txo qis qhov kev pom zoo ntawm cov nyiaj qiv tom ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tsev txhab nyiaj muaj cai them nyiaj nplua thiab nplua, lawv yuav tsum tau them nrog rau cov nyiaj tau txais thiab cov paj laum
Keeb kwm ntawm nyiaj txiag. Nyiaj: keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm
Nyiaj yog qhov sib npaug thoob ntiaj teb ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam, uas yog ib feem ntawm cov nyiaj txiag ntawm txhua lub tebchaws. Ua ntej txais yuav qhov zoo li niaj hnub no, lawv tau dhau los ntawm ib-paus xyoo evolution. Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas no, koj yuav kawm txog keeb kwm ntawm thawj cov nyiaj, dab tsi theem nws mus dhau thiab nws hloov pauv li cas thaum lub sijhawm
Tus txiv neej nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm: keeb kwm, keeb kwm ntawm kev sib sau thiab ua tswv cuab, kwv yees tus nqi ntawm lub xeev
Ntau tus neeg yuav tsum ua haujlwm hnyav kom khwv tau txhua lub nyiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis ua tiav hauv kev khaws nyiaj txiag nrog lawv txoj haujlwm. Tab sis muaj lwm pawg neeg. Nyiaj zoo li ntab rau hauv lawv txhais tes los ntawm lawv tus kheej. Cov no suav nrog cov neeg nplua nuj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Hauv keeb kwm ntawm noob neej, lawv tau nyob txhua lub sijhawm, thiab peb tseem qhuas cov kev vam meej no, sim kawm qee yam muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm lawv qhov kev paub
Cov tawv tawv yog Lub tswv yim, hom, qhov sib txawv ntawm ntuj tsim, tsim cov yam ntxwv thiab siv tau zoo
Cov tawv tawv - dab tsi yog siv hauv kev tsim cov khaub ncaws, khoom siv, rooj tog zaum thiab lwm yam. Qhov no yog cov khoom siv polymer, cov khoom uas tso cai rau nws siv yuav luag txhua qhov chaw. Haberdashery cov khoom zoo nkauj, zoo nkauj thiab kav ntev npaum li cov khoom tsim los ntawm ntuj fibers
Nqaij: ua. Cov khoom siv rau kev ua cov nqaij thiab nqaij qaib. Kev tsim khoom, khaws cia thiab ua cov nqaij
Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xeev cov txheeb cais qhia tau hais tias qhov ntim ntawm cov nqaij, mis nyuj thiab nqaij qaib noj los ntawm cov pejxeem tau poob qis hauv xyoo tas los no. Qhov no yog tshwm sim tsis tau tsuas yog los ntawm tus nqi txoj cai ntawm manufacturers, tab sis kuj los ntawm banal tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom, qhov yuav tsum tau ntim ntawm uas tsuas yog tsis muaj sij hawm los tsim. Tab sis nqaij, kev ua haujlwm uas yog kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tseem ceeb heev rau tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv
