RPG-7V anti-tank grenade launcher: cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm, khoom siv, mos txwv

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Lub teeb tiv thaiv lub tank tau nrov heev thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Cov Germans tau txais kev vam meej tshwj xeeb hauv daim teb no, nrog lawv cov "faustpatrons", uas tau khob tawm txawm tias lub tank hnyav. Trophy faustpatrons kuj tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet nrog kev zoo siab, vim tias USSR tsis muaj riam phom zoo li no hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II.

Qhov tshwm sim ntawm Soviet RPGs

Raws li German kev txhim kho tom qab kev ua tsov ua rog, RPG-2, tus thawj Soviet tiv thaiv tank grenade launcher, tau tsim. Thiab twb nyob rau hauv 1961 lub legendary RPG-7V tau tsim. Lub decoding ntawm lub npe yog yooj yim.

Nws rov ua qhov cim RPG-2 nrog kev hloov me me. "Hand-held anti-tank grenade launcher. Hom 7. Hom B tua." Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm RPG-7 thiab qhov kev hloov pauv yav dhau los yog qhov muaj lub tshuab ua haujlwm dav hlau nrog rau cov hmoov nplej, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce qhov ntau thiab qhov tseeb thaum txo qis. Lub RPG-7V yog lub tes tuav loj tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv lub tank grenade launcher hauv ntiaj teb.

Twb yog thawj zaug siv lub foob pob hluav taws hauv Nyab Laj tau pom tias nws ua haujlwm tau zoo. Feem ntau ntawm cov tsheb tub rog Asmeskas ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, suav nrog cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav, tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam cov foob pob tawg. Cov neeg Ixayees kuj tau pib raug kev txom nyem los ntawm RPGs thaum muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov Arabs. Cov riam phom Soviet tau chob homogeneous armor ntawm txhua qhov tuab, thiab tsuas yog cov tsos ntawm ntau yam armor los ua kev cawmdim rau Western tso tsheb hlau luam.

Grenade launcher tsim

Lub foob pob hluav taws muaj xws li lub thoob nrog qhov qhib qhov muag, lub tshuab ua kom yuam kev thiab lub fuse thiab lub tshuab tua hluav taws. Nyob rau tom qab kev hloov kho, qhov pom qhov muag kuj tau teeb tsa. Lub thoob, uas yog lub tsev tus Tsov tus tw ntawm txhaj tshuaj, zoo li ib tug du raj nrog ib tug expansion chamber nyob rau hauv nruab nrab. Cov ceg yeeb nkab txuas nrog lub thoob nrog ib txoj xov. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub yeeb nkab muaj ib tug nozzle, uas yog ob converging cones. Nyob rau tom qab ntawm lub nozzle muaj lub tswb nrog lub phaj kev nyab xeeb los tiv thaiv cov kab mob nkag mus rau hauv lub breech breech. Nyob rau hauv lub chim nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej muaj ib tug txiav tawm rau kho ib tug grenade, thiab ib tug folding pom thiab pem hauv ntej pom nyob rau saum.

Hauv qab lub thoob yog lub tshuab tua hluav taws nyob rau hauv rab phom tuav. Tom qab lub ntsiab kov muaj ib qho ntxiv uas tsim los rau kev tuav riam phom yooj yim dua thaum tua. Nyob rau sab laug ntawm lub chim yog ib tug bracket rau mounting ib tug optical pom. Ntawm sab xis yog swivels uas tso cai rau koj los txuas ib txoj siv sia. txuas rau qiaob symmetrical birch ntoo pads uas tiv thaiv tus tua tes ntawm kub hnyiab. Cov peev txheej ntawm lub thoob yog 250-300 txhaj tshuaj.

Sight

Nyob rau hauv kev hloov kho ntawm RPG-7V grenade launcher, lawv pib muab nws nrog qhov muag pom nrog 2.7x magnification. Qhov pom muaj peb teev - lub ntsiab aiming scale, lateral kho scale thiab rangefinder scale, tsim rau ib tug siab ntawm 2.7 meters, uas yog, qhov siab ntawm lub tank lub silhouette. Lub qhov muag teev yog cim nrog kev sib faib nrog tus nqi ntawm 100 m. Cov neeg kho tshuab pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no tseem nyob ntawm riam phom, tab sis yog pab. Yam ntxwv, ob qho tib si muaj kev kho qhov kub thiab txias.

Xaiv thiab siv

Tus qauv suav ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws yog ob tus neeg. Tab sis qhov thib ob tsuas yog xav tau los ua tus nqa khoom ntawm cov mos txwv rau kev siv sijhawm ntev. Kev txhaj tshuaj nws tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm ib tus neeg tsis muaj kev pab sab nraud, vim qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom thiab qhov tsis muaj qhov rov qab loj.

Hauv kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zej zog feem ntau, RPGs tau siv raws nraim raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus no, raws li txoj hauv kev yooj yim rau kev tshem tawm ib lub hom phiaj armored, tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev khiav tawm sai. Cov neeg coob ntawm ob tus neeg yog qhov yooj yim thaum rhuav tshem cov kab tsheb thauj mus los, tso cai rau koj kom sai sai rhuav tshem cov tsheb sab nraud thiab kaw cov kem. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej confrontation nrog tso tsheb hlau luam, lub grenade launcher tsis muaj caij nyoog nyob ntev yam tsis hloov txoj hauj lwm.

Yuav ua li cas, koj yuav tsum tau ntaus tus txhais, ces tshem riam phom ntawm lub fuse. Tom qab ntawd, txhaj tshuaj yog raug rho tawm haujlwm los ntawm nias lub khawmnuv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub trigger rotates thiab ntaus lub striker. Lub striker jerks thiab tawg lub primer nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub foob pob ua ntxaij engine. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib lub teeb hluav taws xob los ntawm cov primer ignites cov hmoov phom hauv lub charger chamber. Hmoov gases, nthuav, thawb lub foob pob ua ntxaij. Thaum lub foob pob hluav taws pib txav mus, cov tshuaj ntsiav ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws lub pyro-retarder raug pierced, thiab cov retarder muaj pes tsawg leeg pib hlawv.

Nyob hauv davhlau

Tom qab tawm ntawm lub thoob, vim muaj inertia thiab huab cua ntws, cov dav hlau ruaj khov ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tau tshwm sim.

Thaum lub foob pob hluav taws ya mus txog 20 meters, cov nplaim hluav taws ntawm tus neeg saib xyuas nkag mus rau lub dav hlau lub tshuab kuaj xyuas, thiab lub dav hlau dav hlau tseem ceeb pib ua haujlwm. Nws ua haujlwm li ntawm ib nrab thib ob thiab tswj kom nrawm lub foob pob hluav taws mus rau 300 m / s ntawm qhov qub 120 m / s.

Nyob rau hauv davhlau, lub grenade tig ib ncig ntawm nws longitudinal axis vim lub siab ntawm cov huab cua ntws ntawm lub stabilizing hniav. Kev sib hloov ceev yog mus txog 30-40 revolutions ib ob. Kev sib hloov hauv qhov no ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li hauv riam phom phom. Txawm hais tias RPG projectile tig qeeb heev piv rau cov mos txwv ua ntau txhiab kiv puag ncig ib ob, nws yog qhov kev sib hloov no uas muab lub grenade muaj peev xwm tswj tau txoj hauv kev. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog muab qhov chaw ntawm RPGs ua riam phom tsom rau kev tsim khoom pheej yig thiab qhov tsis tuaj yeem, nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, loj raug kam rau ua piv rau Western qauv.

tawg ntawm warhead

Nyob deb ntawm 2.5 mus rau 18 meters ntawm lub muzzle hauvfoob pob hluav taws yog cocked los ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob detonator. Thaum nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog ib qho kev khuam siab, tus ntaus nruas, nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm inertia, hits lub detonator. Lub detonator tawg thiab grenade tawg. Yog hais tias thaum lub sij hawm ya lub grenade tsis ntaus lub hom phiaj, tom qab 4-6 vib nas this nws yuav self-destruct.

Kev hloov kho

Ntau xyoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej tsis tau qhia qhov tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm RPG-7V. Yog li ntawd, cov lus qhia tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv uas nws yog modernized yog modernization ntawm sights thiab kev txhim kho ntawm armor penetration ntawm mos txwv. Ib qho kev zam yog qhov kev hloov pauv tsaws ntawm RPG-7V. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm riam phom rau Cov Tub Rog Tub Rog Tub Rog tau hloov pauv vim muaj kev txwv ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws hauv qhov chaw stowed. Cov riam phom yuav tsum tsis txhob lo tawm tom qab tus neeg tua neeg lub xub pwg nyom thiab cuam tshuam nrog lub kaus mom hlau. Yog li ntawd, hauv kev hloov kho RPG-7D, lub raj xa hluav taws xob txuas nrog cov ceg yeeb nkab kom qhuav vim yog cov protrusions ntawm ceg yeeb nkab thiab cov grooves ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Qhov no tso cai rau koj thauj cov grenade launcher nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm folded. Lub fuse kuj tau hloov pauv, uas tsis tso cai rau kev txhaj tshuaj tsis muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov yeeb nkab thiab lub nozzle. Ntawm lwm qhov kev hloov kho, 7N thiab 7DN sib txawv nrog kev pom hmo ntuj tuaj yeem raug sau tseg. Kev xaiv 7V1 yog nruab nrog PGO-7V3 pom. Lub xeem Lavxias teb sab version ntawm 2001 RPG-7D3 txawv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv me me kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub qub pom. Muaj txawm tias RPG-7s tsim los ntawm US Airtronic USA Mk.777, uas yog qhov qhia txog qhov zoo ntawm cov riam phom no.

Anti-tank mos txwv thiab armor penetration

Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li txhua lub foob pob tawg, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo ntawm RPG-7V thiab tom qab ntawdKev hloov kho dag rau ntau qhov tsis yog hauv kev tsim ntawm riam phom, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yeeb nkab nrog tus ntaus, tab sis hauv mos txwv. Cov armor nkag mus rau qhov sib txawv txhaj tshuaj sib txawv heev. Feem ntau ntawm qhov kev sib tw rau RPG-7 yog HEAT rounds, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev hloov pauv hloov pauv rau kev koom nrog cov tub rog.

Qhov hnyav ntawm lub hauv paus nqi ntawm PG-7V yog 2.6 kg. Qhov siab tshaj plaws armor nkag mus rau qhov zoo li tus nqi yog 330 mm. Kev hloov kho tom ntej yog PG-7VM, uas, thaum tswj cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb, tau txais qhov tseeb zoo dua thiab ua haujlwm rau sab cua. Cov qauv no kuj muaj fuse ruaj khov dua.

Txhim kho armor nkag mus rau 400 mm twb tau txais los ntawm PG-7VS variant. Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no muaj zog dua thiab txo cov tshuaj tua kab mob.

Txhawm rau tua cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab nrog cov cuab yeej sib xyaw, PG-7VL Luch mos txwv tau tsim. Nws yog qhov txawv los ntawm armor penetration mus txog 500 mm ntawm homogeneous armor thiab ib tug tshiab high-reliability fuse.

Cov phom loj tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no yog PG-7VR "Cov ntsiab lus" xyoo 1988. Nws muaj ib qho yooj yim recognizable complex zoo vim lub tandem warhead. Thawj tus nqi qis dua nrog lub caliber ntawm 64 mm yog tsim los rhuav tshem kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lossis ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv. Qhov thib ob lub ntsiab nqi nrog lub caliber ntawm 105 mm twb nkag mus rau lub ntsiab armor ntawm lub hom phiaj. Qhov no txhaj tshuaj nyob rau hauv stowed txoj hauj lwm yog thauj disconnected vim nws ntev ntev. Nws lub taub hau yog txuas nrog lub dav hlau lub cav siv lub xov tooj sib txuas, uas tso caitshem nws rau kev thauj mus los. Lub dav hlau lub cav thiab tus nqi hluav taws xob ntawm qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no txawv me ntsis ntawm PG-7VL variant, tshwj tsis yog tshwj xeeb springs uas pab qhib lub dav hlau stabilizer. Qhov hnyav ntawm "Resume" yog yuav luag ob zaug siab dua li yav dhau los versions thiab yog 4.5 kg. Tab sis, tib lub sijhawm, cov mos txwv tso cai rau koj nkag mus rau armor sib npaug rau 600 mm homogeneous thiab ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv dynamic. Cov nuj nqis no ua rau pheej yig Soviet RPG-7 txaus ntshai txawm tias niaj hnub Western tso tsheb hlau luam, tsawg kawg thaum tua ntawm lub stern.

Frag munitions

Txawm hais tias yog riam phom tiv thaiv tank, RPG-7 yog tsim los ua kom puas tsuaj cov tsheb, nws lub teeb yuag thiab yooj yim ua rau nws muaj ntau yam riam phom. Yog li ntawd, mos txwv kuj yog nyob rau hauv kev thov rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm manpower nyob rau hauv av los yog nyob rau hauv lub teeb vaj tse. Txhaj tshuaj OG-7V "Splinter" yog ib lub mos txwv fragmentation tsis muaj lub dav hlau cav. Thaum tawg, nws tsim txog ib txhiab qhov tawg uas ntaus cov hom phiaj hauv thaj tsam ntawm 150 square meters. m. Nws kuj tseem siv tau los tiv thaiv lub teeb vaj tse thiab tsheb tsis muaj phom.

Thermobaric munitions

Ntau qhov phom sij txaus ntshai thiab zoo meej yog TBG-7V "Tanin". Nws muaj lub taub hau thermobaric uas tsim kom muaj lub npe hu ua "volumetric explosion". Lub foob pob tawg nkag mus rau hauv thaj chaw txawm tias cov mos txwv tau tawg ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2 meters ntawm lub qhov rais lossis qhov khoob. Tag nrho txoj kab uas hla ntawm qhov projectile cuam tshuam cheeb tsam yog mus txog 20 meters, uas yog piv rau tus qauv 120 mm artillery mos txwv. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntim ntawm chav tsev nyob rau hauv uas lub volumetricua tau zoo ntaus neeg ua haujlwm sib npaug li 300 cubic meters. m. Tab sis ntxiv rau qhov tawg, cov khoom tawg kuj yog qhov ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj, uas, vim yog siv cov thermobaric sib tov, muaj qhov pib tshaj tawm. Qhov kev txhaj tshuaj no kuj ua rau lub teeb pom kev zoo. Thaum ib tug warhead ntaus armor mus txog 20 mm tuab, ib lub qhov yog hlawv nyob rau hauv nws, thiab lub dav hlau cumulative hits cov neeg coob. Nrog xws li kev ntaus, lub siab hauv lub tsheb tawg txawm tias kaw qhov tsaws tsaws.

Siv tawm tsam tank

Thaum lub sijhawm pib ntawm RPG-7V cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, lawv tso cai rau nws ntaus txhua lub tank niaj hnub sib ntaus sib tua. Kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tau rov ua pov thawj hauv Nyab Laj thiab thaum lub sijhawm Arab-Israeli tsov rog. Nws tuaj yeem raug hu ua qhov kev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tank thib ob ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th ntawm tus nqi-zoo piv.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev saws me nyuam nyob rau xyoo 1980s ntawm ib tiam tshiab ntawm Western tso tsheb hlau luam nrog ntau txheej armor thiab kev siv kev tiv thaiv dynamic coj mus rau qhov xav tau los txhim kho lub grenade launcher. Qhov no yog dab tsi coj mus rau lub creation ntawm "Resume" variant nrog tandem mos txwv. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias nyob rau hauv feem ntau cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb loj txij li thaum lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub USSR, muaj ntau controversial piv txwv ntawm kev siv ntawm RPG-7 tiv thaiv niaj hnub tso tsheb hlau luam. Muaj ob qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev tsoo lub tsheb nrog ib qho kev txhaj tshuaj, thiab cov xwm txheej tau txais ntau tshaj 10 hits los ntawm RPG yam tsis muaj armor. Los ntawm qhov no nws tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias nyob rau hauv txhua tus neeg mob, ntau yam yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, qhov chaw cuam tshuam. Frontal armor yog ntau zaus ruaj khov dua li cov cuab yeej stern. Tom qab ntawd lub xub ntiag ntawm dynamic tiv thaiv,anti-cumulative cov ntxaij vab tshaus thiab txawv teb chaws cov khoom ntawm lub armor. Thaum kawg, qhov ceev thiab kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav ntawm lub tsheb armored thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm lub dav hlau sib sau.

Yog li, RPG-7, nrog rau Kalashnikov rab phom tua phom, tuaj yeem raug hu ua ib qho piv txwv zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Soviet infantry riam phom, tau lees paub thoob plaws ntiaj teb thiab muaj nws tus kheej cov duab thiab muaj koob meej.