P36 chav locomotive: hom, khoom siv, cov yam ntxwv thiab kev siv xyoo

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob nto moo, uas ib zaug tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus "General" rau cov yam ntxwv xim kab txaij a la "stripes" ntawm ob sab, tau tsim tawm ntawm Kolomna Cog nyob rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1950 txog 1956. Lub cav fais fab tau muab piv rau kev txhim kho rau IS series. Qhov kawg P36 chav locomotive tsim yog tus qauv P36-0251. Ntawm no, ntau lawm tau nres kiag li. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv lub USSR rau tag nrho lub sij hawm ntawm nws lub neej ntxiv, ib tug neeg nrog caij qauv ntawm chav locomotives twb tsis tsim.

Yam yuav tsum tau muaj rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm

Nyob rau xyoo 1940, tag nrho cov tsheb thauj neeg mob hauv lub tebchaws muaj ob txhiab daim ntawm cov khoom siv thiab muaj feem ntau ntawm cov qauv ntawm Su series. Kev tsim thiab kev tsim kho ntawm cov chav locomotives no tau ua rov qab rau xyoo 1920s. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv muaj lub koob npe nrov rau kev txhim kho kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam, tab sis muaj ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb. Vim muaj kev txwv, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los nce qhov hnyav ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb ciav hlau.

Tsim los daws qhov teeb meem noengineers ntawm Kolomna cog. Nyob rau hauv 1932, lub siab zoo tshaj plaws tsim ib tug tshiab neeg nrog caij locomotive ntawm IS series. Lub zog tuav hauv kev sib piv nrog cov qauv Su tau nce ntawm 55 mus rau 80 tons, thiab lub zog tau nce los ntawm 1500 hp. Nrog. mus txog 3200 l. Nrog. (nrog lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm 2500 hp). Raws li qhov tshwm sim, IS series tsis dhau los ua cov khoom loj, vim tias cov tsheb ciav hlau tsis tuaj yeem taug kev ntawm feem ntau ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau uas muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd vim yog lub nra hnyav txog li 20.2 tf. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 649 locomotives tau tsim, uas yog yuav luag peb zaug tsawg dua lub nkoj los ntawm Su series. Yog li, thawj qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej rau kev tsim cov chav locomotives P36 tau tshwm sim.

Design History

Engineers tau suav tias lub tsheb ciav hlau loj tshiab yuav tsum muaj lub nra hnyav tsis tshaj 18 tf. Yog li nws tuaj yeem taug kev raws txhua txoj kev uas twb muaj lawm thiab txoj hauv kev ntawm thaj chaw ntawm USSR. Nyob rau hauv thawj cov qauv tsim, muaj plaub lub ntsiab qauv. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv sib raug rau ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv qag (18 lossis 22.5 tf) thiab ib qho ntawm plaub lub zog gradations, suav nrog 1500, 2000, 2500 thiab 3000 hp. Nrog. Cov npe ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv teev npe:

1. Su series tsheb ciav hlau sib npaug. Axial load 18 tf ntawm 1500 hp. Nrog. Hom tiag tiag yog 2-3-1 thiab 1-3-2.
2. Sib npaug rau L-series tsheb ciav hlau. qag load 18 tf ntawm 2000 hp. Nrog. Hom tiag tiag yog 1-4-1 thiab 2-3-2.
3. Sib npaug rau IS series tsheb ciav hlau. Axial load 18 tf ntawm 2500 hp. Nrog. Hom tiag tiag yog 2-4-2 thiab 1-4-2.
4. Sib npaug rau UU series tsheb ciav hlau. Axial load 22.5 tf ntawm 3000 hp. Nrog. Hom tiag tiag - 2-4-2thiab 2-3-2.

Cov kws tshuaj ntsuam tau tshawb xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev thov cov haujlwm tshiab. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lawv tuaj txog qhov xaus tias locomotives ntawm 2-4-2 hom nrog lub qag load ntawm 22, 5 thiab 18 tf nrog lub zog ntawm 3000 thiab 2500 hp yuav dhau los ua neeg nyiam tshaj plaws. Nrog. raws. Nws yog nrog cov kev xav tau uas Kolomna cog tau txais kev txiav txim rau kev tsim kho thawj tus qauv ntawm P36 chav locomotive nyob rau hauv tus lej 0001.

Prototype tiav

Ua tiav hnub rov qab rau lub Peb Hlis 1950. Cov neeg tsim qauv tau tswj hwm txhua qhov kev ua tiav tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev lag luam hauv P36-0001 qauv. Thawj qhov kev sim hnyav ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau tau tshwm sim ntawm Oktyabrskaya railway. Tus neeg tsav tsheb npe hu ua Oshats siv lub tsheb ciav hlau nrog cov tsheb thauj khoom ntawm txoj kev Khovrino - Leningrad-Sortirovochny-Moskovsky. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub sij hawm ntawm cov neeg nrog caij locomotives tau soj ntsuam. Lub traction thiab cua sov engineering qualities ntawm chav locomotive ua tau raws li tag nrho cov kev cia siab ntawm cov designers. Yog li, yuam lub boiler mus txog 70-75 kgf / sq. m ib teev tso cai rau tsim hluav taws xob mus txog 2500-2600 litres. Nrog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws yog 86.4 km / h ntawm 3077 liters. s.

Los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub tshuab locomotive P36, cov hauv qab no tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv:

• daim ntawv thov ntawm tag nrho cov-welded boiler;
• air rov tsav;
• muaj lub rhaub dej;
• mechanical charcoal paver;
• bar ncej hauv kev tsim kho.

Ntxiv rau, txhua lub thawv ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau thiab kev sib tw nrog rau cov menyuam bearings. Coupling hnyav ntawm lub locomotive yog sib npaug zos rau 75 tons. Tag nrho qhov hnyav hauv kev ua haujlwmmob tib lub sij hawm mus txog 135 tons.

qauv tsim

Kev vam meej ntawm thawj P36 locomotive sai sai tau tso cai ntau lawm pib. Nyob rau hauv 1935, chav locomotives tau tsim nyob rau hauv tus xov tooj 0002-0005, thiab lub tsheb ciav hlau tom ntej no tus xov tooj 0006 tawm. Raws li cov kev hloov pauv piv rau tus qauv, muaj ob peb ntawm lawv ib zaug. Piv txwv li, kev txhawb nqa pem hauv ntej ntawm lub firebox ua zawv zawg, lub thawv qag ntawm lub log teeb tau ntxiv dag zog, thiab lub qag lub thawv wedges tau hloov kho tus kheej. Hloov lub kiv cua, ib lub khob tshwj xeeb tau nruab. Yog li, nws muaj peev xwm txo tau qhov hnyav tag nrho ntawm lub locomotive, txawm hais tias qhov kev hloov pauv me me heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom dai kom zoo nkauj tau yooj yim me ntsis, thiab cov khoom siv braking ntawm lub trolley tau raug tshem tawm.

Cov kev hloov pauv hauv qab no tau tshwm sim nyob rau xyoo 1954. Locomotives naj npawb 0007-0036 tau txo qis rau 72.4 tons. Ntawm cov qauv ua haujlwm ntawm cov koob no, tsuas yog chav locomotives P36-0031 thiab P36-0032 tseem nyob. Thawj tus tau thauj mus rau Krasny B altiets chaw nres tsheb hauv 2012, thiab qhov thib ob tseem nyob hauv Petersburg-Sortirovochny-Moskovsky locomotive depot. Vim qhov kev vam meej ntawm qhov tseeb iteration, nws tau txiav txim siab los pib loj ntau lawm. Txij thaum ntawd los, tus qauv no tau txais nws lub npe tam sim no P36. Hauv thawj ob xyoos, lwm 215 qhov chaw zoo tib yam tau yug los. Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsim qauv txuas ntxiv txhim kho lub tsheb ciav hlau nrog txhua tus qauv tshiab.

Txoj kev hauv qab

Lub plawv ntawm lub hauv qab yog lub ntsiabncej thiab ob lub laub. Txhua tus ntawm lawv muaj ob lub axes, suav nrog kev khiav thiab kev txhawb nqa. Nyob rau sab nraub qaum ntawm tus ncej yog ib lub thawv khi uas txuas lub locomotive mus rau kev sib tw. Lub teeb tsis pom kev yog tsau rau pem hauv ntej rau kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov tsis siv neeg txuas ntawm SA-3 hom. Txhua lub tsheb ciav hlau qag yog nruab nrog cov menyuam bearings.

Lub log tsav tsheb zoo ib yam li cov qauv ntawm Su thiab IS. Qhov thib ob tsav qag yog tus thawj coj, uas yog, nws yog nyob rau ntawm nws hais tias lub zog ntawm lub chav cav yog siv. Cov wheelsets muaj disc chaw thiab lawv txoj kab uas hla yog 1850 mm. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, lub tsheb nram qab thiab pem hauv ntej muaj peev xwm deviate. Qhov kev txiav txim siab tsim qauv no tau ua kom zoo dua rau P36 series chav locomotives rau hauv cov nkhaus. Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ncua kev kawm ntawv yog raws li nplooj springs, txawm li cas los xij, tshwj xeeb coil springs yog siv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej bogie.

Chav boiler khoom

Qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm node yog, rau feem ntau, txawm tias rov ua dua. Thaum ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog siab tshaj plaws thaum lub sij hawm sim, nws tsis tuaj yeem txo qhov ntim ntawm chav. Cov txheej txheem ntawm tag nrho-welded boiler hauv P36 zoo ib yam li cov tsheb ciav hlau ntawm L series.

Tib lub sijhawm, tus qauv tsim ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob superheater tsis tau hloov pauv txij li qhov kev tso tawm ntawm tus qauv P34. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws kub thiab cov nplaim hluav taws kub ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob P36 yog 66 thiab 50 daim, feem. Lawv txoj kab uas hla kuj tseem tsis tau hloov pauv piv rau P34 locomotive.

Lub grate muaj thaj tsam ntawm 6.75 square meters. m., nrog rau pneumatic tsav. Nyob rau hauv no hais txog, lub boiler rauv tau suav hais tias yog heev advanced rau nwssij hawm. Sab hauv muaj plaub lub kav dej rau huab cua ncig thiab lub kiv cua uas nce traction. Txawm li cas los xij, tom kawg yuav tsum tau hloov sai sai los ntawm cov khoom siv lub khob siab dua. Cov kiv cua ua tsis tau ntau dhau lawm, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tuaj yeem dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov qauv ntawm chav locomotives ntawm no series.

tshuab thiab kev sib tw

Lub tshuab nruab tau suav tias yog qhov yooj yim thiab tus qauv. Nws muaj lub piston stroke ntawm 800 hli thiab thaiv-hom cylinders nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 575 hli. Hauv chav locomotives P36-0120 thiab cov qauv tom qab, lub tshuab xa hluav taws xob raws li Geisinger system kuj tau siv. Ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb, kev ntseeg siab hauv kev ua haujlwm thiab tsis tshua muaj kev nyuaj rau cov kws tshaj lij thaum lub sijhawm kho kev ua haujlwm tau sau tseg. Cov thooj voos kheej kheej tau muab pov rau hauv ib nrab blocks thiab ua ke nrog cov qauv ntawm boiler kev txhawb nqa thiab spool chambers. Kev sib txuas tau tshwm sim los ntawm screwing hauv cov bolts zoo tib yam thiab txhim kho ntawm lub ntsiab ncej.

Tam sim no los ntawm qhov thib ob iteration ntawm locomotive, thov kev sib tw tau hloov. Nws tau ua raws li rau axles ntawm P58 hom. Ib qho kev sib tw zoo sib xws sai sai pom qhov chaw hauv LV series ntawm chav locomotives. Tus tsim ntawm lub undercarriage muab rau ob bogies nrog peb axles thiab log nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 1050 mm. C-3 mechanical thee feeder yog nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub thawv thee, thiab nws cov txheej txheem yog raws li lub conveyor nrog peb ua hauj lwm screws. Lub zog tsav tau ua los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob siab ceev.

Txoj kev ua haujlwm

Txoj kev ntawm locomotives P36 tau heevsib txawv. Lawv raug xa mus khiav rau sab qaum teb, Belarusian, Lub Kaum Hli, Kuibyshev, Stalin, Krasnoyarsk thiab Kalinin railways. Tsis ntev, cov koob no tau hloov tag nrho cov tsheb ciav hlau ntawm Su hom los ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog lub zog ob npaug thiab nce qhov hnyav ntawm cov tshiab locomotives, tab sis kuj lawv cov kev ua tau zoo dua. Ib qho piv txwv yog txoj kev loj Moscow-Leningrad, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm P36 tuaj yeem npog hauv 9 teev thiab 30 feeb. Qhov no tau tshaj cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg yav dhau los los ntawm 1 teev thiab 45 feeb. Txij thaum ntawd los, tsis muaj lub tsheb ciav hlau ua tau raws li qhov tshwm sim no.

Tom qab ib lub sijhawm hauv lub tebchaws tau muaj kev hloov pauv loj heev rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob. Los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev tswj hwm, chav locomotives tau raug tshem tawm ntawm txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb thiab hloov mus rau cov chaw taws teeb lossis tsis khoom ntau. Lub xyoo kawg ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog suav tias yog 1974. Cov neeg sawv cev zaum kawg tau nyob hauv lub depot ntawm Mogocha thiab Belogorsk. Daim duab ntawm chav locomotive ntawm P36 series nyob hauv qab no.

kab lis kev cai perpetuation

Hauv kev tsheb ciav hlau philately, tus qauv no yog ib qho kev nyiam heev. Nws cov duab tau muab tso rau ntawm perforated thiab imperforated xa ntawv nyiaj muas. Ntau lub teb chaws kuj tau ua lawv cov duab tsheb ciav hlau. Lub sijhawm sib txawv, cov ntawv xa nyiaj tuaj yeem pom hauv Mongolia, Yemen, Bhutan, Grenada, Palau thiab lwm lub tebchaws.

Qee tus qauv zoo li chav locomotive P36-0110 tau dhau los ua ib yam ntawm cov monuments hauv qee thaj tsam ntawm niaj hnub Russia. Tshwj xeeb, lub tsheb ciav hlau nonyob rau hauv lub zos ntawm Mogzon, uas nyob rau hauv lub Trans-Baikal Territory.

Ntxhais lus tseeb

Nyob rau ntawm lub pediment ntawm tag nrho cov chav locomotives nyob rau hauv lub series muaj ib tug liab hnub qub, uas yog siv ib tug bas-relief duab ntawm Stalin thiab Lenin. Tom qab XX Congress ntawm CPSU, lub caij no tau raug tshem tawm ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov locomotives. Hloov chaw, ib daim duab ntawm lub tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab ntawm USSR tshwm.