Dab tsi yog desiccant - piav qhia, tsim qauv thiab nta

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Lub sijhawm nws siv rau txheej xim kom qhuav, piv txwv li thaum pleev xim rau duab, nyob ntawm qhov kub, lub teeb thiab hom roj. Muaj cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb catalytic uas, thaum ntxiv rau cov roj, ua kom lub sijhawm ziab. Lawv hu ua tshuab ziab khaub ncaws lossis desiccant, yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog lub npe ntawm cov khoom tshwj xeeb, uas suav nrog cov ntsev ntawm ntau yam hlau - cob alt, lead, manganese. Cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws zoo li no tau siv dav hauv kev tsim cov kua roj vanish thiab cov xim kom nrawm dua. Qhov feem ntawm cov khoom uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau cov xim yog nyob ntawm nws hom.

keeb kwm me ntsis

Dab tsi yog desiccants? Cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws yog cov catalysts (monocarboxylic acid soaps) xav tau los ua ib zaj duab xis ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv siv hnub rov qab tshaj plaub txhiab xyoo. Nyob rau lub sijhawm nyob deb, cov khoom siv ntuj tsim los ntawm manganese, txhuas thiab hlau tau siv. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub kaum plaub caug xyoo, tooj liab sulfate tau pib siv, thiab twb nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum rau - zinc compounds, nyob rau hauv lub kaum cuaj - yooj yim.txhuas thiab cob alt-based tshuaj tau los ua tus desiccant. Nyob rau hauv nees nkaum xyoo pua dhau los, nws muaj peev xwm mus standardize lub xub ntiag ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws thiab ua kom yooj yim rau siv.

Composition

Dab tsi yog desiccant - ib qho khoom ntxiv uas tau ntxiv rau cov txheej txheem txheej txheej kom ceev kom qhuav. Nws ua raws li catalyst, ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov desiccant tuaj yeem suav nrog ntau yam hlau. Thiab yog tias muaj ob ntawm lawv, tom qab ntawd cov txheej txheem ziab ua tiav sai dua. Nws yog qhov ua tau kom khaws txhua qhov sib xyaw ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov roj ntshiab qhuav tawm hauv ib puas thiab nees nkaum teev, ces cov lus qhia rau nws:

• manganese txo cov txheej txheem no rau kaum ob;
• lead - mus txog nees nkaum rau;
• manganese thiab txhuas - mus txog xya;
• yog tias calcium ntxiv rau manganese thiab txhuas, lub sijhawm yuav raug txo rau rau.

Hauv kev xyaum, kev sib xyaw ntawm ntau cov hlau feem ntau yog siv. Lawv muab faib ua:

• primary - cob alt, hlau, cerium, manganese, vanadium;
• secondary - zirconium, lead, barium, bismuth, strontium, aluminium;
• pabcuam - potassium, zinc, calcium, lithium.

Siv hauv painting

Driers rau cov xim pleev xim, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov xim roj, yog suav tias yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem kom qhuav. Uas feem ntau yuav siv sij hawm ntev. Kev siv cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws txo cov sij hawm pib ziab ntawm cov roj pleev xim los ntawm tsib mus rau kaum ob hnub rau ib mus rau ob hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, kev siv ntau dhau ntawm lawv ua rau muaj kev laus ntxov ntxov, cov kab nrib pleb tshwm rau ntawm daim ntaub thiabpob. Feem ntau hauv kev pleev xim lawv siv cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws uas muaj:

• hnyav hlau oxides - zinc, lead, cob alt, manganese;
• hlau ntsev ntawm unsaturated fatty acids;

Cov hmoov lead dawb, uas yog xim xim, muaj cov hlau hnyav thiab tseem muaj cov khoom desiccant. Craftsmen siv ntau yam sib tov ntawm hlau-raws li tshuab ziab khaub ncaws. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "desiccant" txhais tau tias ziab, uas yog, cov no yog cov khoom uas ua rau kom qhuav, tsim cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish txheej.

Ntau hom tshuab ziab khaub ncaws siv hauv cov duab kos duab

Rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov kua roj vanish thiab roj pleev xim, ntau hom tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tau tsim:

1. Aerosol - yog tias koj xav tau kom qhuav sai ntawm daim duab, thiab nws tau sau yam tsis muaj lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws nrog cov xim, ces koj tuaj yeem siv cov tshuaj tsuag uas tsis tsuas yog ua kom ziab kom qhuav, tab sis kuj tiv thaiv cov xim txheej los ntawm ultraviolet. hluav taws xob. Ua tsaug rau cov nyhuv no, cov nyhuv optical ntawm painting yog khaws cia rau lub sijhawm ntev. Aerosol desiccant tuaj yeem siv rau txhua theem ntawm kev ua haujlwm, nws sib tov zoo nrog cov xim roj.
2. Kua - lawv yog siv los txhim kho kom qhuav ntawm cov xim roj. Lawv ntxiv rau cov xim ntawm lub palette. Nyob rau txhua theem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, lawv ua rau kom qhuav sai ntawm cov xim txheej thiab txhim khu lub fluidity ntawm cov xim.
3. Gel-zoo li - tsis cuam tshuam rau viscosity ntawm cov xim, cuam tshuam tusyees. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, kev ua haujlwm hnyav tau qhuav sai dua.

Txoj Kevapps

Qhov no yog dab tsi? Desiccant los yog tshuab ziab khaub ncaws yog ib yam khoom siv, kev taw qhia uas tso cai rau cov tuam txhab lag luam sib txawv ntawm daim ntawv qhia thiab npaj rau ntau qhov chaw siv. Nws yog ntxiv rau cov xim thiab cov kua roj vanish txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem kom qhuav. Hauv kev xyaum, nws tau raug pov thawj tias qhov kev txo qis hauv lub sijhawm yuav tsum tau ziab ncaj qha nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv, uas yog, muaj qee qhov txwv tshaj qhov nws tsis pom zoo kom ntxiv lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, vim tias cov txheej txheem ziab yuav qeeb. nqes.

Tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj desiccant yuav tsum tau txhaj yog qhia hauv cov lus qhia lossis ntawm daim ntawv lo. Cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws siv tau muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:

1. Yooj yim soluble - lawv tau nkag mus rau hauv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg thaum rhuab mus rau 150 degrees. Ntawm lawv yog cov ntsev ntawm resin thiab fatty acids.
2. Sparingly soluble - kom zoo dua soluble, lawv yuav tsum tau cua sov txog 250 degrees. Cov no muaj xws li lead acetate, liab lead, pyrolusite, cob alt acetate.
3. Kua - yooj yim soluble hauv turpentine, roj thiab lwm cov kuab tshuaj, 20 degrees txaus rau lawv.

tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ntau

Dab tsi yog desiccant thiab kuv tuaj yeem tau qhov twg? Cov no yog cov hlau sib txuas (catalysts) uas, thaum ntxiv rau cov roj, txhawb kom qhuav sai. Koj tuaj yeem yuav lawv hauv khw lossis ua rau hauv tsev. Feem ntau thov:

1. Cob alt - yog hais txog lub ntsiab thiab feem ntau siv, suav nrog hauv chav tsev kub. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov tsis zoo sib sib zog nquszaj duab xis tsim, tsim ntawm irregularities. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tsim ib zaj duab xis homogeneous, nws yog siv ua ke nrog lwm cov hlau, xws li txhuas, calcium, magnesium.



2. Lead - muaj kev ua haujlwm tsawg, yog li nws yog siv ua ke nrog lwm cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws - manganese lossis cob alt. Accelerates txheej txheem ntawm zaj duab xis tsim tshaj tag nrho cov thickness ntawm txheej txheej. Lub downside yog siab toxicity, tsis zoo compatibility nrog aluminium pigments, txwv solubility.
3. Manganese - Piv nrog cob alt, nws tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig rau cov ntaub ntawv ziab hauv huab cua. Rau cov thermoset txheej, nrog rau cov zaj duab xis tsim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo heev. Thaum high humidity, unevenness tsis tsim. Ntawm qhov tsis txaus, qhov ntxoov ntxoo nplua nuj yuav tsum tau sau tseg, uas hloov xim ntawm txheej.
4. Zirconium - nws yog hu ua hloov pauv rau cov hmoov txhuas. Piv nrog rau lwm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws, nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo, tsis muaj xim thiab yellowing.
5. Calcium - ua haujlwm zoo tshaj plaws thaum cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj desiccants, xws li cob alt.
6. Zinc - stabilizes lwm yam desiccants, nce gloss, xim stability, hardness. Ib qho kev qhia loj ntawm lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws no rau hauv cov khoom raug tso cai, txij li. nws muaj xim tsawg.

Homemade

Dab tsi yog desiccant - auxiliary compounds uas ua kom cov txheej txheem kom qhuav thaum ntxiv rau cov xim roj. Nws muaj peev xwm ua noj rau lawv tus kheej. Rauqhov no:

1. Ncua porcelain (hlau) canister.
2. Muab 50 grams ntawm rosin rau hauv.
3. Melt ntawm 250 degrees.
4. Kho qee zaus.
5. Tom qab ua tiav, ntxiv me ntsis nrawm.
6. Khaub.
7. Cua sov nres tom qab tau txais cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke.

Industrial production

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los ua kom qhuav hauv kev lag luam:

1. Txoj kev los nag lossis ntub dej - tso cai rau koj los tsim cov tshuaj precipitated zoo dua. Yog li ntawd, lawv tau siv dav. Tam sim no, txoj kev no tsuas yog siv rau kev tsim cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws. Nws yog raws li kev sib pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj aqueous ntawm cov xab npum alkaline thiab cov ntsev hlau, nws tsis tas yuav tsum tau rhuab mus rau qhov kub siab.



2. Qhuav - nrog nws cov kev pab, cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws tau txais. Cov hlau oxides tau nkag mus rau hauv rosin, roj thiab ntau cov kua qaub. Cov xab npum (hlau ntsev) yog tsim los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no tau sau tseg: lub decomposition ntawm cov organic (basic) tshuaj, raws li cov xim uas ploj lawm; muaj kev phom sij heev.

Qhov tsis zoo thiab qhov zoo ntawm cov catalysts

Cov tshuaj zinc, lead, cob alt, manganese, ntxiv rau cov roj kom nrawm lawv ziab - qhov no yog qhov desiccant.

Txhua yam tshuab ziab khaub ncaws pab:

• dub;
• poob ntawm cov roj zaj duab xis elasticity;
• kev laus saipainting.

Yog li ntawd, lawv ntxiv thaum tsim nyog.

Nyob rau hauv cov xim uas qhuav heev maj mam, lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws ntxiv rau ntawm lub Hoobkas thiab tsis tas yuav tsum tau tom qab.

Hnub no, ntau thiab ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm nrog kev npaj ua ke ntawm cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws raws li cov hlau sib txawv. Lawv muaj ib qho me me ntawm cov kuab tshuaj thiab ib qho kev pom zoo ntawm cov hlau. Lub efficiency ntawm xws complexes yog ntau dua. Cov txiaj ntsig kom ceeb toom:

• thoob ntiaj teb siv;
• kev sib raug zoo nrog cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv;
• haum rau txhua qhov huab cua.

Driers rau ua kom qhuav roj

Cia kom meej meej tam sim ntawd qhov no yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov xim roj. Ntuj ziab roj yog tsim los ntawm cov roj zaub - hemp, linseed, sunflower thiab lwm yam. Ib txhia ntawm lawv qhuav hauv huab cua, thaum lwm tus - ib nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias cov roj ziab qhuav muaj peev xwm ua rau cov pa oxygen thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no qeeb heev. Yog li ntawd, koj yuav tsum tau tos ntev rau cov xim kom qhuav. Txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem nrawm, ib qho catalyst ntxiv rau nws. Yog li, cov roj kom qhuav zoo tib yam tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li cov roj sib xyaw thiab cov desiccant.

Ntau lub tshuab ziab khaub ncaws yog cov ntsev ntawm cov organic acids thiab nws muaj peev xwm ua noj rau koj tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv hlau los yog porcelain, kub tsib caug grams ntawm rosin. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv me me qhov chaw, stirring tas li, qhia tsib grams ntawm calcium oxide rau hauv cov kua molten. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv, calcium resinate yuav tau txais. Yog ibnoj kaum tsib grams ntawm txhuas oxide, yav tas los hauv av nrog linseed roj, thiab ntxiv nyob rau hauv me me batch rau kua colophon resin, ces txhuas resinate yuav tawm. Siv cov poov tshuaj permanganate thiab sodium sulfite, manganese oxide tuaj yeem tau.

Zaj lus

Driers yog cov khoom uas ua rau kom qhuav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li enamels, roj pleev xim, varnishes, primers, ziab roj. Cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws zoo tshaj plaws yog cov raws li cov ntsev cob alt, ua tsaug rau qhov ziab ntawm txhua txheej xim yog nqa tawm sib npaug. Lawv tau ntxiv rau cov xim los yog siv rau hauv ib txheej nyias rau kev ua haujlwm ntub dej. Lub desiccant, raws li nws yog, hlawv tawm cov roj hauv paus ntawm cov xim thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem kom qhuav. Qhov zoo ntawm cov tshuab ziab khaub ncaws cob alt yog tias lawv tsis cuam tshuam qhov kev siv thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm cov xim, thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau cov xim xim.