Polyester fibers. Polyester fiber ntau lawm

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tshuaj ntau lawm yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg cov txiaj ntsig. Tom qab tag nrho, yuav luag txhua yam, los ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev mus rau khaub ncaws, yog tsim thiab tsim los ntawm kev tshawb fawb no.

Lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb yog muab rau ntau yam tshuaj fibers uas tau siv hauv ntau ceg ntawm kev tshawb fawb, thev naus laus zis thiab kev lag luam.

Kev faib cov tshuaj fibers

Txhua cov tshuaj fibers tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob pawg loj.

1. Artificial - cov no yog cov raws li lub ntuj polymer, tab sis kev ua thiab tsim cov xov lawv tus kheej yuav siv qhov chaw nrog kev koom tes ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj txoj kev.
2. Synthetic - fibers uas tsim ncaj qha rau hauv chav kuaj (kev lag luam) tej yam kev mob. Lawv tau tsim los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke uas tsis tshua muaj molecular hnyav hloov mus rau hauv macromolecules raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv polymerization.

Nyob rau hauv lem, cov khoom tsim thiab hluavtaws fibers kuj muaj lawv tus kheej kev faib thiab piv txwv. Xav txog qhov no rau cov qauv hluavtaws.

Lawv tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg loj. Nws yog raws li cov qauv ntawm cov saw hlau carbon thiab yuav ua li cas daim ntawv cog lus tsim.

1. Syntheticcarbon saw fibers. Cov saw tseem ceeb yog ua nruj me ntsis los ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms interconnected los ntawm cov pa sigma-type bonds. Feem ntau ntawm cov qauv tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau pawg no. Piv txwv li, polyacrylonitrile, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polyvinyl cawv.
2. Synthetic heterochain fibers. Lawv txawv hauv heteroatoms suav nrog cov pa roj carbon macrochains - nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus thiab lwm yam. Cov pab pawg no suav nrog cov fibers: polyester, polyurethane, polyamide.

Yog tias peb tham txog daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb hauv kev lag luam textile, ces lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg sawv cev piav qhia txawv. Yog li, cov khoom siv fiber ntau siv tau ntau dua rau kev xaws khaub ncaws, ntaub pua chaw pw, phuam da dej thiab lwm yam khoom siv hauv tsev. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov tshwj xeeb thaum lub canvas pom daim ntawv thov hauv thev naus laus zis.

Synthetic chemical fibers, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, muaj txiaj ntsig ntau hauv kev tsim kho, thev naus laus zis, kev lag luam ntau dua li hauv lub neej niaj hnub. Cia peb saib ze dua ntawm polyester xov, ntaub los ntawm lawv thiab daim ntaub ntawv.

Polyester fibers: general yam ntxwv

Los ntawm kev pom tshuaj, cov khoom no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm terephthalic acid C₈H₆O 4thiab ethylene glycol, dihydric cawv C₂H₆O₂. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm ib tug complex polymerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, pob tshab los yog dawb crystals yog tsim, uas muaj ib tug tseem ceeb khoom - viscosity. Ua li no, ua kom sov rau lawv. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm no feature uas zus tau tej cov fibers ncaj qha los ntawm qhov notshuaj.

Lub melting point ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no yog siab tshaj 260 0C. Qhov no ua rau lawv yooj yim heev los siv rau cov hom phiaj technical. Muaj ntau yam khoom tshwj xeeb uas cov fibers muaj.

1. Polyester hluavtaws xov muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov kua qaub, alkalis.
2. Completely insoluble hauv dej, organic solvents.
3. Lawv yog dielectrics, uas yog, lawv xyaum tsis ua hluav taws xob.
4. Cov khoom tsim los ntawm lawv muaj zog, hnav-tiv taus thiab ntseeg tau.

Ua tiav cov hluavtaws hauv qhov xwm txheej, cov xov paj no zoo tshaj hauv cov txuj ci thiab cov khoom siv rau ntau cov khoom siv dag zog.

Txoj kev tsim khoom

Raws li cov lus piav qhia dhau los, kev tsim cov polyester yuav tsum yog raws li terephthalic acid. Txawm li cas los xij, nws lub cev muaj zog yog qhov tsis yooj yim rau kev sib haum xeeb thiab nrawm polymerization cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog ethylene glycol, yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog siv rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, tab sis ib qho ester. Nws lub npe yog dimethyl terephthalic ester ntawm tib cov kua qaub, abbreviated li DMT.

Yog li ntawd, kev tsim cov polyester fiber ntau muaj ntau yam tshuaj ua tiav:

• oxidation ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ethers thiab paraxylene, piv txwv li kev npaj cov khoom pib;
• esterification, uas yog, tau txais DMT ester;
• distillation thiab purification ntawm cov khoom tshwm sim;
• recrystallization ntawm DMT kom tau txais cov ntaub ntawv ntshiab.

Cov khoom npaj raws li cov tswv yim no tau npaj nkag mus rau lub voj voog tom ntej ntawm kev hloov pauv, qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov yuav yog polyester (polyester). Qhov no tshwm sim hauv ob theem tseem ceeb.

1. Transesterification ntawm qhov tshwm sim DMT nrog ethylene glycol. Qhov tshwm sim yog diglycol thiab qis molecular hnyav polyesters.
2. Polycondensation ntawm cov khoom tau txais hauv thawj theem nrog ib leeg. Qhov tshwm sim yog ib qho viscous polyethylene terephthalate.

Tam sim no nws yog nyob rau sab technical. Cov khoom yog dhau los ntawm tshwj xeeb me me tuag, zoo li yog squeezing, thiab yog li fibers tau txais. Thaum txias, lawv crystallize. Cov txheej txheem ntxiv muaj xws li ncab, ntxuav thiab xim.

Khoom npe

Cov fibers zoo sib xws yog tsim thiab siv nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws. Polyester hluavtaws threads nyob rau hauv txhua lub xeev tau txais lawv tus kheej lub npe, yog li ntawd lawv muaj ntau synonyms. Xav seb lawv yog dab tsi.

1. Hauv Russia - polyester, polyester, lavsan.
2. In America - Dacron.
3. UK - terylene.
4. Japan - tetheron.
5. Fabkis - Tergal.

Txawm li cas los xij, txawm koj hu lawv, cov khoom tseem nyob li qub thiab cov peev txheej dhau.

Khoom siv polyester: khoom

Lub ntsiab zoo ntawm lavsan suav nrog cov khoom zoo li:

• poob wrinkle;
• flammability;
• teeb nrawm;
• hnav resistant;
• muaj zog thiab softness, smoothness;
• resilience to actionfeem ntau cov kuab tshuaj organic, nrog rau cov kua qaub thiab alkalis;
• tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj;
• npuag tsis txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob nyob (fungi, mites, kab mob, thiab lwm yam);
• cuam tshuam;
• stretch resistance.

Tau kawg, cov txheej txheem zoo li no tsis tuaj yeem tsis pom. Tias yog vim li cas cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev siv cov khoom polyester yog dav heev, npog feem ntau sectors ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag.

Txawm li cas los xij, kuj muaj qhov tsis zoo. Cov no yuav tsum suav nrog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:

• yog qhov nyuaj rau zas, yog li cov xim muaj kua thiab ci tsis pom hauv cov ntaub zoo li no;
• yog cov hluav taws xob muaj zog, txij li cov dielectrics lawv tus kheej;
• yog tias koj siv cov polyester tiag tiag, tsis kho nrog cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, nws yuav yog cov khoom siv tawv heev.

Txhua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tau tshem tawm tau yooj yim los ntawm kev ntxiv qee yam tshuaj hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm fiber ntau. Yog li ntawd, lawv tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb.

Hollow fibers

hom polyester xov no tseem ceeb heev hauv kev tsim kho thiab engineering thiab siv nyob ntawd. Txawm tias muaj kev zam. Piv txwv li, xws li holofiber, uas tau pom ib lub tsev hauv kev lag luam textile.

Hollow fibers yog siv los ua:

• fiberglass;
• khoom siv tsim;
• tshav kub-insulating yam;
• xov tooj cua khoom.

Lawv kuj tau siv los ua cov lim dej hauv kev kho dej khib nyiab. Hollofiber, vim nws cov yam ntxwv, tau ntev lawmtshem tawm cov plaub hau ntuj thiab nqis los ntawm kev lag luam textile. Nws tau dhau los ua hom tseem ceeb ntawm kev sau rau hauv ncoo, pam vov, tsho sab nrauv thiab lwm yam.

Pob Siliconized Fibers

Qhov no yog lub hauv paus rau kev ua cov ntaub so mos, feem ntau tus phooj ywg ib puag ncig thiab tsis muaj kev fab tshuaj. Nws yog cov fibers uas yog siv los ua cov ntaub qhwv rau pam vov thiab hauv ncoo.

Vim li cas lawv thiaj siv? Qhov no yog vim cov yam ntxwv zoo heev.

1. Tsis txhob nqus dej.
2. Yuav Elastic thiab elastic.
3. tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws, yooj yim tu thiab siv.
4. Tsis muaj ntxhiab.
5. Tsis ua xua.
6. Microorganism loj hlob tsis tau nyob rau hauv lawv.

Txhua yam no muab pob siliconized fiber ntau los ua cov khoom siv hauv cov rooj tog zaum, txaj thiab khaub ncaws kom zoo dua qub "cov npoj yaig": nqes, plaub.

Qhov tsis zoo suav nrog lub neej ua haujlwm luv dua piv rau cov khoom siv ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no qis dua.

Ntaus fiber ntau

Ntawm cov polyester fibers, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog nyob los ntawm ntau yam xws li staple threads. Nws yog lawv cov nroj tsuag hluavtaws fiber ntau uas tsim tau ntau dua li lwm tus. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov khoom zoo li no mus ncaj qha rau kev tsim cov xov paj, thiab tom qab ntawd cov khoom siv rau xaws khaub ncaws, textiles, thiab lwm yam.

Staple fiber feem ntau hu ua fiber ntau tsim los ntawmkev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov ntaub plaub los yog paj rwb nrog polyester. Qhov symbiosis no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tau txais cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no:

• costume;
• coat;
• tulle;
• shirt;
• ntaub;
• pay;
• xav;
• ntaub pua;
• fur.

Pom tseeb, yam khoom twg tuaj yeem sewn thiab ua los ntawm cov khoom zoo li no.

Polyester technical thread

Cov fibers no yog siv los ua cov khoom hauv qab no:

• nuv ntses thiab trawls;
• ropes thiab hlua;
• hoses rau cov khoom ua kom zoo;
• canvas;
• siv conveyor;
• siv lub rooj zaum thiab tsav tsheb;
• log tsheb;
• thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab cov ntaub ntawv lim.

Lub hollow fiber tau tham saum toj no kuj tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau cov xov zoo li no.

khoom ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polyester

Dab tsi lwm yam khoom tuaj yeem ua los ntawm polyester? Qhov tshwj xeeb tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv xws li fillers twb tau piav qhia saum toj no. Kuv tsuas yog xav ntxiv tias holofiber tso cai rau koj kom tau lub hauv ncoo softest thiab nyiam tshaj plaws thiab ib daim pam sov thiab lub teeb. Polyester fiber ntau hauv kev lag luam textile tsuas yog hloov tsis tau thiab txhua xyoo nws nce siab dua thiab siab dua hauv nws cov nqi.

Tseem siv lavsan kom tau cov ntaub hauv qab no:

• taffeta;
• crepe;
• knitwear;
• crimplen;
• melan.

Lawv siv los ua khaub ncaws, tulle thiab curtains, theem cwj pwm, thiab lwm yam.

Lwm hom kev ua haujlwm ntawm tib neeg uas siv polyesters yog kev phais. Cov tshuaj tau txiav txim siab qhov ua tau ntawm kev ua cov hlab ntsha thiab phais phais los ntawm polyester. Qhov no ib txwm pab txhawb ntau txoj haujlwm cawm txoj sia.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom thiab cov fiber ntau no

Muab qhov ntawd, ntxiv rau cov yam ntxwv zoo, cov ntaub ntawv raws li polyester tseem muaj qhov tsis zoo, tsis yog txhua tus neeg txaus siab rau cov khoom. Thaum nws los txog rau kev tsim cov ntawv thov, yuav tsis muaj kev sib cav ntawm no: lavsan yog tus thawj coj. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tham txog textiles thiab khaub ncaws, kuj muaj qhov sib txawv. Cov kev xav tsis zoo kuj tau txais tsis tu ncua los ntawm polyester fiber. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm hom no yog ua raws li qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov ntaub nws tus kheej - hluav taws xob thiab kev ua haujlwm tsawg.

Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg feem coob nyiam xav txog polyester ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv zoo nkauj tshaj plaws, zoo nkauj thiab zoo ntawm peb lub sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, khaub ncaws, khoom siv hauv tsev thiab txaj ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tsuas yog tau txais kev nyiam ntau xyoo.

Yog tias koj saib cov kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm polyester-raws li hauv ncoo thiab pam vov, feem coob ntawm lawv tseem yuav zoo, uas yog qhov tseeb thiab ncaj ncees.