Acetate fiber ntau. Kev tsim cov acetate fiber ntau

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Txhua lub sijhawm, kev lag luam textile tau yog ib qho tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws hauv peb lub tebchaws, vim nws tau muab lub xeev nrog ntau cov ntaub uas xav tau ntau, uas tau tas li tsis yog rau kev tsim khaub ncaws, tab sis txawm siv los ua riam phom.

Thiab yog li ntawd, yuav luag txij li thawj hnub ntawm kev muaj sia nyob ntawm USSR, cov kws kho mob tau muab txoj haujlwm kom tau txais cov ntaub so ntswg, vim tias muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov khoom siv ntuj tsim. Yog li ntawd, acetate fiber tau tsim.

Qhov no yog dab tsi?

Yuav kom ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias qhov no tsis yog lub npe ntawm ib hom ntaub, tab sis ntau hom khoom siv fiber ntau ib zaug. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lawv yog tsim los ntawm cellulose acetate. Triacetyl cellulose fiber ntau yog cov feem ntau, nrog rau cov pa acetate fiber ntau ua los ntawm cov khoom siv cellulose acetate.

Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv fibers

Lub hygroscopicity ntawm cov ntaub zoo li no tsis pub tshaj 3.5%. Lub fiber xyaum tsis nqus noo noo, tsis o thiabtsis sag txawm tias tom qab rov qab ntub / qhuav mus. Piv nrog rau tej yam ntuj tso fabrics, cov khoom siv dag zog muaj ntau tsawg raug rau cov kab mob, lub teeb thiab cua sov. Tsis tas li ntawd, npauj yog kiag li indifferent rau lawv. Cov ntaub no muaj peev xwm tiv taus cua sov txog 100 degrees Celsius yam tsis tau poob ntawm lawv qhov zoo.

Yam khoom ua los ntawm acetate fibers yog qhov zoo nkauj heev rau saib, ntxuav zoo thiab qhuav sai. Tsis tas li ntawd, yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj detergent tsawg dua thaum ntxuav lawv, vim tias cov av tau yooj yim ntxuav tawm ntawm cov fiber ntau no.

Nco ntsoov tias cov acids tsis muaj zog thiab alkalis tsis ua rau acetate fiber ntau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj xws li cov ntaub npuag ntuj, tab sis vim li ntawd nws yog saponified thiab poob feem ntau ntawm nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Concentrated inorganic acids rhuav tshem nws tam sim.

Microscopic fiber ntau

Yog tias koj saib cov ntaub so ntswg los ntawm lub tshuab tsom iav, koj tuaj yeem pom ntau pua qhov grooves ntev ntawm cov fiber ntau. Vim li no, tus tib neeg threads tsis ua raws li zoo rau ib leeg, thiab cov ntaub tag nrho yog heev elastic thiab tsis wrinkle zoo. Lawv cov brilliance ua rau lawv zoo ib yam li tej yam ntuj tso txhob lo lo ntxhuav, thiab nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm tuab, ib tug neeg fibers yog heev zoo ib yam li cov xov uas silkworm larvae muab tawm. Yog tias cov chaw tsim khoom tau ntsib nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tau txais cov ntaub uas cov xov yuav ruaj ntseg txuas rau ib leeg, ces H-shaped transverse txiav yog ua rau saum npoo ntawm cov fibers.

Ntxiv rau qhov muaj zog ntxiv, cov ntaub ntawv no yog qhov zoo nkauj heevsparkling brilliance, thiab yog li ntawd nws yog feem ntau siv rau kho kom zoo nkauj lub hom phiaj.

Qhov tsis zoo ntawm acetate fabrics

Hmoov tsis zoo, tsis yog txhua yam zoo heev: cov khoom siv dag zog no tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj tsis zoo, khaws cov hluav taws xob zoo li qub tau yooj yim, thiab tsis stain zoo nrog cov xim xim uas feem ntau siv hauv kev lag luam textile. Lawv yuav tsum tau ironed yam tsis tau nce qhov kub ntawm cov hlau saum toj no 115 °, txwv tsis pub thermal deformation yog ua tau.

Lwm yam tsis zoo

Muab lub peev xwm siab ntawm acetate fiber ntau los khaws cov nqi zoo li qub, nws nyuaj heev los tsim cov ntaub los ntawm nws. Yog hais tias, thaum ironing, txawm tias me ntsis ntau dhau ntawm qhov kub ntawm cov hlau, ces qhov tsis xws luag sib sib zog nqus tshwm rau ntawm cov ntaub, uas tsis tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm. Cov acetate fiber hlawv ci daj. Yooj yim tua, tom qab uas nws smolders rau lub sij hawm ntev, tso ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov pa taws nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb tsw rau hauv ib puag ncig huab cua.

Production

Raws li koj tau twv, acetate fiber yog tau los ntawm cellulose. Tau kawg, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv paj rwb, tab sis yog tias muaj qhov tsis txaus los yog tsis muaj nws, nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv cov ntoo zoo. Tom qab kev txhim kho thiab ua kom huv, nws yog kho nrog acetic anhydride. Sulfuric acid yog siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalyst, thiab acetic acid ntxiv rau yaj cov cellulose acetate.

Thaum muaj dej me me, cov fibers pib saponify, ua raudiacetylcellulose. Ib qho sib xyaw ntawm acetone thiab dej (95: 1) yog ntxiv rau cov khoom tshwm sim. Txhua yam, qhov sib tov spinning yog npaj txhij. Nws yog lim, tshem tawm ntawm ib qho dhau ntawm coarse mechanical impurities, thiab xa mus rau lub tshuab spinning. Acetate fiber yog tsim nyob rau hauv huab cua (txoj kev qhuav).

Txoj kev no kuj zoo vim nws tsis tas yuav siv tshuaj ntxiv. Thick thiab viscous spinning loj tsuas yog yuam los ntawm lub spinneret nrog ntau qhov, tom qab uas nws nkag mus rau hauv chav tsev cua ntawm qhov kub ntawm txog 87 degrees Celsius. Txij li thaum tsim cov acetate fiber ntau xav tau cov dej thiab cellulose ntau, muaj ntau lub tsev nyob ze Baikal.

Qee xim qhia

Kub kub yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav cov acetone los ntawm qhov sib tov. Tom qab ntawd, lub resulting threads yog txias, lawv nto yog coated nrog roj los tiv thaiv kev tsim ntawm ib tug zoo li qub nqi, thiab ces qhov txhab ntawm ib tug bobbin. Txog li 600 meters ntawm xov yog tsim ib feeb. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yuav luag tsis muaj kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, tsuas yog kev sib tw los tsim cov fibers tuab.

Cov xim zoo li cas? Feem ntau, cov dye yog qhia nyob rau theem ntawm ntau lawm, thiaj li hais tias ib tug xov ntawm lub xav ntxoov ntxoo twb raug mob mus rau lub bobbin. Peb twb tau hais tias acetate fiber ntau tsis zoo dyed los ntawm tus qauv txhais tau tias, thiab yog li ntawd, tam sim no, 90% ntawm cov ntaub yog tsim los ntawm cov xov uas ua los ntawm cov sib tov sib xyaw nrog cov khoom zoo.

Hnub notxhiab ntau yam ntawm cov xim tshwj xeeb dispersion tau tsim. Lawv tso cai rau koj kom tau txais tsis yog tsuas yog xim ntaub, tab sis tiag tiag masterpieces nrog ib tug amazing iridescent xim. Qhov kev xav no yog tsim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov xim tsis lo rau saum npoo ntawm cov xov, ib yam li cov ntaub ntawv tib yam viscose, tab sis yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub nws tus kheej.

Yog tias tsim nyog, siv cov xim dawb, ua rau cov ntaub ntawm cov xim tsis muaj xim dawb dawb. Txij li thaum acetate fiber ntau tiv taus UV rays thiab yooj yim heev rau ntxuav, lub durability ntawm xws li ntaub yog ntau zaus ntau dua li cov paj rwb los yog lwm yam ntuj fabrics.

Yuav ua li cas molding

Feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tsim cov tuag nrog txog 200 qhov. Yog hais tias lub resulting xov yog npaj yuav twisted rau hauv tuab fibers los yog ropes, qhov sib tov yog dhau los ntawm spinnerets nrog corrugated thiab crimped phab ntsa. Yog hais tias peb tham txog staple acetate fibers, ces lawv cov ntau lawm yog xyaum tsis txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem tau piav saum toj no.

Qhov peculiarity yog tias cov xov ntawm tus kheej tawm ntawm cov cuab yeej tsim tau tam sim ntawd sib sau ua ke rau hauv ib pob, uas tam sim ntawd txiav rau hauv daim ntawm qhov ntev. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov staple fibers tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ribbons, uas yog ntxiv txiav rau hauv daim ntawm qhov ntev yuav tsum tau.

YBasic zog ntawm fibers

Dab tsi yog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm acetate fiber? Lub thickness ntawm cov ua threads nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaubranges ntawm 11.1 tex X 25 mus rau 16.7 tex X 25 (No. 90/25-60/25). Thaum piv nrog viscose fibers ntawm tib lub thickness, ces acetate threads muaj ib tug me ntsis qis zog (los ntawm 10-12%). Tab sis! Yog tias cov ntaub no ntub dej (yog, qhov hygroscopicity heev ntawm 3.5%), tom qab ntawd cov ntsuas lub zog txo qis tam sim ntawd los ntawm 40-45!

Lub zog tensile (tawg elongation) yog kwv yees li 27%, tab sis qhov elastic elongation yog ntau dua li cov ntaub viscose rov hais dua saum toj no. Nws yog vim qhov no uas "acetates" wrinkle tsis zoo, thiab cov khoom los ntawm lawv zoo meej rau lub sijhawm ntev.

Upgraded version

Tag nrho cov saum toj no yuav ua rau cov neeg nyeem nyeem tau lub tswv yim tias hom ntaub no muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo. Cov lus no muaj tseeb heev rau yav dhau los tsis ntev los no, tab sis niaj hnub no, hauv nws cov khoom, kev hloov kho cov tshuaj ntxiv yuav luag txhua zaus siv, uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg ntawm acetate fiber. Cov mis hauv qhov no zoo li qhov no: [C6H7O2(OH)3-x(OCOCH3)x].

Tsis tas li ntawd, niaj hnub no ntau thiab ntau cov kev taw qhia kev kho cua sov ntawm spinning mass yog siv: cov molecules pib tsim ntau cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub acetate yuav muaj zog dua, thiab tsis ntshai ntawm cov cua sov ntxiv lawm.

Hnub no, Alon fiber ntau, tsim los ua cov ntaub npuag, yog cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws. Nws muaj zog heev thiab elastic, muaj siab durability thiab zoo nkauj tsos. Empirically, nws tau pomtias ib qho me me ntawm aluminium pyrophosphate, ntxiv rau qhov loj ntawm spinning, ua rau kom tau txais acetate fiber ntau, kev siv uas muaj peev xwm ua tau nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw uas muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm hluav taws (ua yeeb yam curtains, piv txwv li).