2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28
7, 62-mm tshuab rab phom Goryunov (SG-43) yog Soviet tsis siv neeg riam phom me me qauv xyoo 1943. Mounted ntawm lub cav log, tig thiab armored tsheb.
Dab tsi tuaj yeem hloov "Maxim"?
Thaum pib ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, qhov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog txhawb nqa riam phom ntawm qib battalion - rab phom tshuab easel - tsis tuaj yeem daws tau. Maxim, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog Red Army, muaj ntau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, uas nws tsis tuaj yeem kov yeej. Qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov hnyav ntawm lub tshuab rab phom easel - nyob rau hauv lub xeev nruab, uas yog, ntim nrog dej thiab loaded, nws hnyav yog 63 kg. Cov dej txias ntawm Maxim tsis ntxiv ib qho yooj yim, vim nws yog ib qho nyuaj heev, yog tias tsis yooj yim sua, nrhiav dej hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom tawg yooj yim thiab cov mos txwv yooj yim puas rau lub casing, ua rau nws siv tsis tau.
Cov phiaj xwm thawj zaug los hloov lub Maxim tshuab rab phom nrog tus qauv DS-39 tsis tau siv, vim tias riam phom tau dhau los ua nyuaj rau kev tsim thiab ua haujlwm, tsis muaj kev ntseeg siab ntawm qhov kub thiab plua plav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, DS-39 raug txiav tawm.
GVG Hloov kho
Nyob rau lub Tsib Hlis 1942, kev txhim kho lub tshuab rab phom tshiab tsim rau 7.62-mm cartridge tau pib. Ntawm no, GVG los ua ke, uas xyoo 1940 tau ua tiav kev sim ntawm lub Hoobkas.
Lub Goryunov lub teeb tshuab rab phom tau tsim los ntawm Kovrov Mechanical Plant los ntawm Pyotr Maksimovich Goryunov, nws tus xeeb ntxwv Mikhail, thiab tseem yog tus thawj coj ntawm lub Hoobkas Vasily Voronkov. Raws li thawj tsab ntawv ntawm cov npe no - GVG - riam phom tau muaj npe.
Tab sis Pawg Tub Rog Liab tau thov kom muaj easel version, thiab Goryunov hloov lub tshuab rab phom rau cov haujlwm tshiab.
kev sim ua tiav
Tom qab ua tiav cov kev xeem hauv lub Hoobkas thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1942, qhov hloov kho tshiab tau tsim los ntawm 50 daim, 45 cov khoom raug xa mus rau cov tub rog. Cov txiaj ntsig kuj yog qhov zoo. Tom qab tshem tawm cov lus thiab txheeb xyuas qhov tsis txaus nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav lig xyoo 1943, Goryunov tshuab rab phom tau koom nrog hauv kev sim hauv xeev. Cov neeg sib tw tseem ceeb ntawm GVG yog cov niaj hnub DS-43, nrog rau riam phom ua nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, txij li thaum qhov kev xaiv ntawm reworking lub German MG-34 chambered rau lub Mosin phom nrog nws tom ntej no los ntawm cov tub rog liab tau txiav txim siab tiag tiag. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau muab tawm tias nws tsis tuaj yeem siv cov phom phom Soviet hauv nws vim muaj lub npoo. Goryunov's easel tshuab rab phom tau rov ua dua cov qauv ntes thiab DS-43 nyob rau hauv xws li qhov tseem ceeb tsis xws li durability thiab raug ntawm hluav taws.
Tom qab nyeem cov ntawv xeem, Degtyarev tus kheej tau lees paub rau Stalin ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tus qauv Goryunov thiab qhov yuav tsum tau txais yuav nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus tsim qauv tsim lub tshuab tshiab rau cov neeg sib tw, uas tau pib tsimnrog rau riam phom tshiab.
Begin production
14.05.43 Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Tiv Thaiv tau txiav txim siab txais yuav Goryunov tshuab rab phom (duab yog muab rau hauv tsab xov xwm) nrog lub tshuab log. Rau nws cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Kovrov Mechanical Plant, ib qho kev cob qhia cais tau tsim nyob rau hauv ob thiab ib nrab lub hlis. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1943, thawj pawg riam phom raug tsim tawm, thiab xyoo tom ntej, kev tsim khoom tau nthuav dav los ntawm cov chaw ntawm Zlatoust cog No. 54.
Tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsim khoom Seleznev thiab Garanin tau tsim lub tshuab log yooj yim uas muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo dua thaum ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau tshaj 80 txhiab lub tshuab Goryunov tau tsim thiab xa mus rau Tub Rog Liab ua ntej kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Cov riam phom siv lub zog ntawm cov hmoov av tshem tawm ntawm lub chim channel. Kev thaiv qhov tom kawg yog ua los ntawm sab xis ntawm lub qhov rooj kaw.
Thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj, cov dej ntws ntawm cov hmoov roj yog ib nrab xa mus los ntawm lub qhov taub mus rau hauv cov roj chamber thiab nias rau ntawm lub piston, uas thim rov qab cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Txog thaum lub mos txwv tawm mus, lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj tsis txav, thaiv lub thoob thiab tiv thaiv cov pa roj tawm mus rau hauv lub thawv.
Tom qab cov mos txwv tawm ntawm lub thoob, qhov txav ntawm lub tshuab rab phom txuas ntxiv mus rau sab nraud, compressing lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj ces xauv lub qia channel; cov ntaub ntawv cartridge raug tshem tawm ntawm lub chamber. Cov mos txwv los ntawm cov hlau los yog daim kab xev tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv lub thoob lub thawv qhov rais. Los ntawm nwsshells raug tshem tawm. Nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug swb mechanism, cartridges yog pub rau hauv daim kab xev receiver nrog ib tug hinged npog uas speeds li reloading.
Yog tias tus yuam sij raug nias, tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj cab kuj maj nrawm mus rau pem hauv ntej ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yam tsis tas yuav nyob hauv txoj hauj lwm nram qab. Lub shutter thawb lub cartridge tawm ntawm lub qhov rais txais thiab xa mus rau hauv lub chamber. Cov khoom txav mus txog qhov chaw txwv; lub shutter blocks qia channel. Lub sab sauv protrusion ntawm lub bolt carrier hits tus firing pin, firing los ntawm lub rear sear. Cov txheej txheem ces rov ua dua.
Lub reload kov protrudes los ntawm hauv qab ntawm cov tswj tuav thiab tseem nyob ruaj ruaj thaum tua.
Kho cov riam phom tsis siv neeg yog ua los ntawm peb txoj haujlwm roj regulator. Cua txias tso cai 500 rounds ntawm nruam firing. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm hom, shooting yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv luv luv bursts txog li 30 txhaj tshuaj. Goryunov SG-43 easel tshuab rab phom muaj qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 250-300 rounds ib feeb. Lub thoob hloov pauv tau muaj lub ntsej muag flash thiab tus kov, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau nqa thiab hloov, lub sijhawm tsis pub tshaj 7-8 s.
Ambition
tua tau cov mos txwv arr. 1908 thiab 1930, uas khaws lawv lub zog tuag rau tag nrho lub davhlau ntawm qhov deb ntawm 3800 m. Lub zog ntawm cov mos txwv hlau hauv xyoo 1908 yog 3511 J, thiab hauv 1930 - 3776 J.) hom DS-39 lossis canvas los ntawm Maxim., 200 pcs. nrog sab tes pub. Txawm hais tias tus nqi pub siab tau qee zaum nrog los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv transverse ruptures, lawvtshwm sim ntau tsawg dua nrog lub tshuab rab phom Degtyarev.
kev qhia
Sights ntawm SG-43 suav nrog tus pin pom thiab pom folding. Cov tom kawg suav nrog lub hauv paus, ib qho clamp nrog tag nrho thiab ib lub thav duab nrog lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Muaj ob qhov ntsuas ntawm tus ncej. Sab laug yog npaj rau cov ntawv ntim nrog cov mos txwv ntawm xyoo 1908 thiab tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa qhov deb ntawm 2 txhiab meters. Qhov kev ntsuas txoj cai yog npaj rau lub cartridge nrog lub mos txwv 1930 thiab tso cai rau koj los teeb tsa qhov deb ntawm 2.3 txhiab meters. Muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm qhov pom tom qab. Txhawm rau txhim kho nws, sab nraub qaum ntawm lub clamp ntawm ob sab ntawm qhov kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb yog cim nrog tsib qhov kev faib tawm ntawm kev hloov kho tom qab. Ib lub cim sib raug rau ib txhiab ntawm qhov ntau.
Lub tshuab rab phom ntawm Goryunov system tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj pov thawj txiav tawm raws 4 kab kab rov tav, nrog rau ntawm daim duab plaub dub ntsuas 20x30 cm ntawm daim thaiv dawb 1x1 m. Qhov ntau yog teem rau 100 m, qhov pom yog teem rau 3 ntawm sab laug teev, thiab siv lub teeb mos txwv cartridges.
Anti-aircraft pom
Lub Hom Phiaj hauv huab cua tau taug qab nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntxiv rau qhov pom pom ntawm Goryunov, tsim los rau cov phiaj xwm huab cua ntawm qhov deb tsis tshaj 1 km, uas txav ntawm qhov ceev tsis tshaj 600 km. /h. Qhov pom muaj pem hauv ntej thiab nram qab qhov muag thiab lub hauv paus. Lub pem hauv ntej yog ua los ntawm plaub concentric rings nrog ib lub vojvoog ntawm 20-80 mm nrog ib kauj ruam ntawm 20 mm, lub hom phiaj ntawm uas yog xaiv cov hlau lead. Tsuas yogTsis tas li ntawd, qhov pom hauv qhov chaw muaj lub nplhaib uas ua haujlwm rau kev hloov kho, nrog rau qhov sawv ntsug. Lub nraub qaum yog ua los ntawm ib lub pob, lub xauv calibration ntsia hlau thiab sawv ntsug. Qhov txawv ntawm qhov pom yog qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm ob qho kev pom ntawm lub thav duab, txuas rau hauv ib qho qauv, uas ua kom muaj qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm nws qhov chaw: nws tuaj yeem rov muab tshem tawm, quav thiab rov nruab dua yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam cov chaw.
Siv hauv kev sib ntaus
Goryunov tshuab rab phom tau nkag mus rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1943. Cov tub rog phom loj tau txais riam phom thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo ntawd. Nws tau siv los rhuav tshem cov pab pawg neeg coob thiab cov yeeb ncuab tua phom ntawm qhov deb txog li 1 km.
Kev vam meej ntawm "Goryunov" hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub sijhawm kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog yog vim nws qhov hnyav: nws yog 6.5 kg sib dua "Maxim", thiab nrog lub tshuab log - 25 kg.
Tom qab Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, rab phom tshuab tau hloov kho tshiab thiab hloov npe SGM ("M" - modernized). Kev tiv thaiv plua plav thiab lub thoob dej txias tau raug txhim kho, thiab lub breech tshiab tau raug teeb tsa. Lub tank version ntawm SGMT tau tshwm sim.
Key Features
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom tshuab yog:
- Nyhav: 13.5 kg.
- Lub tshuab hnyav: 23.4 kg.
- Length: 1140 mm.
- Barrel length: 720 mm.
- Kev sib tw (L/T): 2000/2300 m.
- Ntaus nrawm (L/T) W 865/800 m/s.
- Rate of fire: 700 rds/min
- Rate of Fire: Max. 350 rounds/min.
SG-43 tau xa tawm thoob plaws, cov ntawv tso cai tau muab rau nws cov khoom hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Hauv Suav teb, Goryunov tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub npe Hom 53, hauv Czechoslovakia - raws li Vz 43, hauv tebchaws Poland (Wz 43) thiab hauv South Africa (SS-77).
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