Loj-caliber anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom - specifications thiab duab

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom yog riam phom uas muaj hluav taws kub, lub kaum sab xis siab heev, thiab ua kom muaj peev xwm tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau. Niaj hnub nimno riam phom installation ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation yog cov cuab yeej txhim khu kev qha, raws li nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua rau lub sijhawm ntev. Xav txog cov qauv nrov tshaj plaws ntawm cov phom tua dav hlau.

DShK easel tshuab rab phom

Lub Degtyarev-Shpagin hnyav tshuab rab phom (DShK) tau dav siv rov qab rau xyoo ua tsov ua rog, thaum nws tsim nyog los ntaus cov hom phiaj me me, rab phom tshuab zes, thiab rab phom tiv thaiv tank. Tsis tas li ntawd, DShK anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom kuj tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej ua ib qho kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov dav hlau ya tsawg. Raws li tus tsim qauv nws tus kheej tau hais, cov txheej txheem no tau tsim los ua ib qho kev ua tub rog, tab sis vim yog qhov ua tiav ntawm qhov ntsuas siab siab, nws tau txiav txim siab los tsim kho nws thiab hloov ntau qhov chaw. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tau txais ib rab phom loj-caliber txhim khu kev qha, uas cov qauv tsim qauv tau khaws cia.

Technical nta ntawm DShK

Tom qab tso tawm DShK, nws tau txhim kho tas li, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, qhov hluav taws kub tau nce, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua kom zoo dua qub. Twb tau nyob rau hauv 1939, anti-aircraftDShK tshuab rab phom tau txais los ntawm Red Army. Cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm hom riam phom no suav nrog:

1. Tsis siv neeg cov tshuab siv los ntawm lub zog ntawm cov hmoov roj.
2. Cov roj chamber yog nyob rau hauv lub thoob ntawm lub tshuab rab phom, muaj ib tug regulator, ua tsaug rau lub lag luam ntawm tsis siv neeg mechanisms yog optimized.
3. Lub thoob yog cua txias, thiab tav nyob rau hauv tag nrho ntev ntawm lub thoob.
4. Tshaj xav tsim tso cai rau koj hloov lub rhuab chim sab xis ntawm qhov chaw tua.
5. Lub DShK anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom muaj lub xauv channel - ntsia liaj qhov rooj lug siv rau qhov no.
6. Kev tua hluav taws yog ua los ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm 12.7 hli caliber cartridges, cov mos txwv kuj muaj cov cartridges nrog armor-piercing mos txwv muaj peev xwm nkag tau armor 16 mm tuab, thiab cartridges nrog cov mos txwv tracer.
7. Sights muaj xws li ib tug folding ncej pom thiab ib tug pem hauv ntej pom mounted rau ib tug siab ncej nyob rau hauv lub muzzle.

DShK tshuab rab phom yog qhov tseem ceeb rau nws daim ntawv thov thoob ntiaj teb, txij li nws tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab cuab yeej tsim los ntawm Kolesnikov. Kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo ntawm rab phom tshuab hnyav ua rau nws siv tau rau hauv cov ceg sib txawv ntawm cov tub rog.

Easy machine gun "Maxim"

Maxim tiv thaiv lub dav hlau rab phom yog ib qho ntawm cov phom nrov nrov tshaj plaws uas tau ua haujlwm nrog ntau pab tub rog. Qhov riam phom muaj zog no muaj peev xwm ntaus qhib pab pawg neeg nyob lub hom phiaj thiab cov yeeb ncuab tua hluav taws ntawm qhov deb txog li 1000 m, nws ua tau zoo nrog hluav taws kub nyhiab ntawm qhov deb ntawm 600 m. Thawj rab phom "Maxim"yog tsim los ntawm ib tug American engineer nyob rau hauv 1883, thiab Lavxias teb sab craftsmen txhim kho nws los ntawm kev ua ntau tshaj 200 kev hloov rau tus tsim. Qhov no ua rau muaj kev ua tau zoo dua.

Maxim loj-calibre tiv thaiv lub dav hlau rab phom yog ib qho riam phom tsis siv neeg nrog chim recoil. Ntawd yog, tom qab txhaj tshuaj, lub thoob tau muab pov tseg rov qab los ntawm cov hmoov av, tom qab ntawd lub tshuab rov qab tau qhib: lub cartridge raug tshem tawm los ntawm txoj siv tawv, uas tau xa mus rau lub breech, tom qab ntawd lub bolts yog cocked. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj, kev ua haujlwm rov ua dua. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov riam phom no suav nrog:

1. Tus nqi hluav taws kub siab - 600 rounds ib feeb nrog tus nqi hluav taws kub ntawm 250-300 rounds ib feeb.
2. Lub tshuab txhais tau tso cai rau hluav taws tsis siv neeg, nruab nrog lub fuse uas tiv thaiv kev txhaj tshuaj tsis raug.
3. Sights is a rack and front see, and a telescopic pom on some model.
4. Lub tshuab rab phom tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tshuab log tsim los ntawm Sokolov: nws ua kom ruaj khov ntawm kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av, thiab lub log mus ncig ua rau nws yooj yim txav rab phom tshuab mus rau qhov chaw tua phom manually.

Maxim rab phom ua haujlwm li cas?

Maxim anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom yog qhov txawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov: lawv tau siv dav thaum thauj cov tub rog nyob rau txhua qhov chaw, txij li riam phom yooj yim tua cov yeeb ncuab tua hluav taws thiab tshem tawm txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg tua. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tawm tsam, rab phom tshuab hnyav nquag tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab infantry, thiab tseem ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam rau cov tsis muaj zog.ntu ntawm lub tank - saib qhov qhib lossis qhov pom. Thaum lub sij hawm tawm tsam, rab phom tshuab txav mus rau pem hauv ntej, tom qab ntawd nws tuav qee txoj haujlwm. Lawv hloov raws li tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Vladimirov tshuab rab phom (KPV)

Vladimirov lub dav hlau loj-caliber tiv thaiv dav hlau phom yog tsim los rhuav tshem cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Cov cartridges siv yog 14.5 hli caliber, thiab riam phom muaj peev xwm nkag mus rau armor mus txog 32 hli tuab. Cov qauv no, tsis zoo li lwm cov analogues, ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog recoil ntawm lub thoob nrog lub stroke luv luv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm chav tsev no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

1. Lub kaw lus kaw los ntawm tig cov kab sib ntaus sib tua thiab lub tshuab luam ntawv accelerator.
2. Tus tsim ntawm tus txhais tso cai tsuas yog tsis siv neeg tua hluav taws.
3. Ntawm ntev lossis luv tawg.
4. Tus nqi hluav taws - kwv yees li 80 rounds ib feeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tom qab 150 txhaj tshuaj thaum lub sijhawm tua hluav taws ntev, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los hloov lub tshuab phom phom.
5. Lub fuse system tiv thaiv kev txhaj tshuaj tsis raug.

Cov phom tshuab no, siv dav los ntawm cov phom ntev, tau nruab rau ntawm lub tshuab log thiab hnyav.

M-4 quadruple tshuab rab phom mount

M-4 plaub plaub rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm txhua lub tsheb - los ntawm lub tsheb thiab lub tsheb ciav hlau mus rau cov nkoj thiab nkoj. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm muab tso rau hauv av raws li qhov chaw ruaj khov yog tias xav tau kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb.cov chaw loj thiab tseem ceeb. Lub tshuab rab phom no yog tsim rau cov hom phiaj hauv av. Muaj tseeb, vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub caliber - nws tsuas yog 7.62 hli - cov kev teeb tsa tau raug tshem tawm ntawm kev pabcuam.

Quadruple anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom ZPU-4, ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, tau siv dav. Thiab feem ntau yog vim lub fact tias lub caliber ntawm ZPU-4 anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom yog 12, 7-20 hli. Xws li kev teeb tsa ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tua cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau ntawm qhov siab txog li 1500 m thiab ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2000 m. Rau nws qhov kev tsim, rab phom tshuab Vladimirov raug coj los ua lub hauv paus, uas ua tau raws li cov kev cai thiab kev xav tau. Lub installation tau raug txhim kho tas li thiab nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog cov tub rog Lavxias xyoo 1946.

Tam sim no, ZPU-4 yog lub zog tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tshuab phom, uas suav nrog: 4 lub tshuab phom KPV 14.5 hli, lub tshuab nrog aiming mechanisms, wagon thiab pom. Lub tshuab nws tus kheej muaj ob qhov chaw: sab sauv ib rotates thiab yog lub hauv paus rau lub viav vias ib feem. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm rab phom tshuab no suav nrog:

1. Txoj kev tsheb-hom log nrog log tsheb.
2. Lub xub ntiag ntawm kev poob siab tshwj xeeb, txoj haujlwm uas yog los pab txhawb kev hloov pauv ntawm kev teeb tsa los ntawm kev mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua.
3. Tag nrho cov hluav taws kub yog 2200 rounds ib feeb.
4. Sib ntaus sib tua hluav taws yog 600 rounds per minute.
5. Cov mos txwv: 14.5 mm cartridges nrog cov mos txwv sib txawv - armor-piercing incendiary, tracer, instant incendiary, incendiary pom.
6. SpeedCov mos txwv ya dav hlau - 300 m/s.

Txoj kev ua haujlwm

ZPU-4 rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau dhau los ua ntau yam kev sim rau lub sijhawm ntev. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm yog qhov tsis ua haujlwm ib txhij ntawm kev rov qab cov thoob ntawm cov phom tshuab, nrog rau qee zaum downed aiming. Nws kuj tau sau tseg tias riam phom ntawm kev teeb tsa - peb tab tom tham txog KPV tshuab rab phom - tsis txawv ntawm kev muaj sia nyob. Tab sis lub ZPU-4 tau dav siv rau cov tsheb ciav hlau improvised armored, uas tau nquag siv thaum tsov rog hauv Chechnya.

NSV-12.7 Utes

Lub tshuab rab phom loj-caliber nrog tus lej tsim "Cliff" tau tsim los ntawm tag nrho pawg neeg tsim qauv. Ntxiv mus, thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev loj hlob, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb yog los tsim ib tug universal riam phom uas yuav siv tau raws li kev txhawb nqa rau infantry, ua riam phom rau armored tsheb thiab me me nkoj, thiab raws li ib tug anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom ntawm tshwj xeeb installation. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus qauv tau hloov kho tas li, thiab tsuas yog xyoo 1972 nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam. Anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom "Cliff" muaj cov hauv qab no nta:

1. Ua haujlwm raws li kev siv roj av, thiab cov roj piston nws tus kheej nyob hauv qab lub thoob.
2. Lub thoob yog cua txias.
3. Kev tua tsuas yog ua los ntawm lub qhov qhib qhib xwb.
4. Lub tshuab rab phom ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntawm lub kauj thiab phau ntawv kev nyab xeeb, uas nyob ntawm lub tshuab lossis ntawm kev teeb tsa nws tus kheej.
5. Infantry tshuab kuj tseem muaj cov khoom siv folding, uas muaj lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ua rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
6. Lub caliber ntawm cartridges siv los ntawm riam phom no yog 12.7 hli.

Cov kev teeb tsa lub tshuab phom no tau sim ua lub sijhawm ntev, uas tau lees paub tias riam phom muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab cov yam ntxwv ua haujlwm. Thiab txawm tias lawv tsis tau raug coj mus ua haujlwm sai sai, tab sis ua tsaug rau cov cuab yeej no, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau zoo dua.

Twin anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom ZU-2

ZU-2 twin anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom yog kev teeb tsa uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm ntau yam kev ua haujlwm, feem ntau tank thiab phom phom tiv thaiv. Tus qauv tsim ntawm ZU-2 tau tsim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm ZU-1, uas tau ua kom zoo dua:

1. Lub txaj ntawm lub tshuab sab saud tau hloov kho rau kev teeb tsa ob lub tshuab phom KPV 14, 5 hli.
2. Tus qauv pib ntxiv nrog lub rooj rau tus neeg tua phom uas ua haujlwm pom.
3. Ib qho ntxiv txoj cai raug mounted, rau hauv uas lub thawv thib ob yog mounted.
4. Lub log tsheb ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom tau tsim los ntawm txoj kev tshiab: tam sim no nws tau dhau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb. Ua tsaug rau qhov kev daws teeb meem thev naus laus zis, kev ua haujlwm ntawm ZPU-2 tau yooj yim dua, kev teeb tsa tshiab tau dhau los ua kev tiv thaiv ntau dua rau kev tua nyob rau hauv ntau yam xwm txheej.
5. 14.5 mm cartridges yog siv rau kev tua.

Qhov kev xav zoo ntawm lub tsheb phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm muab hluav taws xob ncig, thiab riam phom tuaj yeem ua rau lub dav hlau ntsug hauv ntau lub kaum ntse ntse. Ua tsaug rau kev teeb tsa ntawm qhov pom kev tiv thaiv dav hlau, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ZU-2 tau dhau los ua ntau dua. Xws li cov qauv tsim ua rau nws muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua hauv cov xwm txheej sib txawv - xws li hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm huab cuapab kiag li lawm, thiab rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj hauv av.

Rau qhov loj, qhov nce hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ZU-2 tau yooj yim los ntawm kev teeb tsa ntawm ZAPP-2 los tiv thaiv lub dav hlau pom ntawm nws, tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm Kev Txhim Kho cog. Qhov kev pom no yog ib qho cuab yeej siv yooj yim rau kev suav cov cuab yeej ntawm cov chav kawm raug siab thiab muab lub peev xwm ua kom muaj hluav taws zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov neeg tsim qauv tau mloog zoo rau kev xav txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm riam phom no.

ZGU-1

Russian anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom yog ntau yam riam phom muaj zog, uas muaj ntau txoj hauv kev tau ua kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. ZGU-1 yog lub roob anti-aircraft tshuab phom installation, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm nws muaj peev xwm mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub roob thiab rugged struts. Cov riam phom no tau nruab nrog cov phom roob thiab cov phom tua phom. Thaum tsim hom kev teeb tsa no, cov neeg tsim qauv tau saib xyuas kom ntseeg tau tias kev thauj mus los tsis yog hauv nees nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob hauv tib neeg pob.

Lub teeb phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tsim los ntawm txoj hauv kev uas nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov dav hlau hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj. ZGU-1 tau hloov kho rau lub tank version ntawm KPV tshuab rab phom, thiab thawj pawg ntawm cov phom tshuab no tau xa tawm mus rau Nyab Laj. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm ZGU-1 suav nrog:

1. Lub teeb yuag - hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua, qhov kev teeb tsa no muaj qhov hnyav ntawm 220 kg, muaj qhov yooj yim disassembly. Txhawm rau txav rab phom tshuab los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw, kev siv zog ntawm 5 tus neeg txaus.
2. A hloov khoTshuab rab phom KPVT 14, 5 mm.
3. Lub tshuab tig muaj ob txoj kab rov tav aiming speeds, uas ua rau nws ua tau yooj yim thiab meej aim riam phom ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua.
4. Lub log tsav ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev thauj mus los ntawm chav tsev txawm tias nyob rau thaj chaw uas muaj kev nyuaj struts.
5. Aerial kev koom tes yog nqa tawm ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2000 m thiab ntawm qhov siab txog li 1500 m.

Tshuab rab phom ntawm Russia thiab ntiaj teb: niaj hnub qhov tseeb

Ib qho ntawm cov riam phom muaj zog ntawm peb lub sijhawm yog rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Ib daim duab ntawm ntau tus qauv qhia tau hais tias cov txheej txheem no yog qhov txawv ntawm kev ntseeg tau thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm, muaj peev xwm los tsoo lub hom phiaj ntawm huab cua thiab hauv av. Qhov nruab nrab caliber ntawm cartridges uas haum rau lub tshuab rab phom yog los ntawm 12.7 hli, uas lav qhov swb ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av nrog cov armor thickness txaus ntawm qhov deb ntawm 800 m.

High-caliber tshuab rab phom yog ib qho ntxiv rau kev tua hluav taws rau ntau hom kev sib ntaus sib tua. Lawv tuaj yeem ntsia tau rau ntawm txhua yam khoom siv - los ntawm tsheb sib ntaus sib tua mus rau cov neeg ua haujlwm armored, thiab tseem txhawb nqa cov tub rog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov caj npab me me no tso cai rau koj ntaus cov phiaj xwm huab cua thiab hauv av, txawm tias txav mus los. Kev txaus siab rau cov phom siv dav hlau los tiv thaiv lub dav hlau feem ntau yog los ntawm kev tua ntau yam, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov hom phiaj loj.

Tam sim no, ob rab phom tshuab suav hais tias yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb - 12.7 hli DShKM Soviet thiab Asmeskas ua Browning. Lawv txawv ntawm kev txav mus los, txawm tias qhov hnyav thiab qhov loj me. Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua tus qauv muab faib ua universal lossis tshwj xeeb. Teb tshuab nruab nrabhnyav los ntawm 140 kg. Ntawm cov phom loj-caliber ntawm Russia, Lavxias teb sab NSV 12.7 hli caliber thiab Lavxias teb sab KORD, uas muaj qhov tshwj xeeb txav, ceev, thiab muaj peev xwm ntaus ntau lub hom phiaj, nyiam cov xim.