Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev muag khoom siab yog ib lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm txhua lub lag luam uas koom nrog kev tsim khoom. Tab sis txhawm rau kom muaj kev ntseeg siab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm kev ua lag luam niaj hnub, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov neeg siv khoom tsis yog qhov zoo xwb, tab sis kuj muaj ntau yam kev xaiv ntawm cov haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lub hom phiaj no yuav pab kom ua tiav qhov kev soj ntsuam tas li ntawm qhov ntau thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom. Ntxiv mus, cov txheej txheem no yuav cuam tshuam tsis yog rau cov tuam txhab loj, tab sis kuj rau cov lag luam me.

Dab tsi yog assortment

Yog li, kev ua tiav ntawm txoj kev npaj ua kom tiav yog ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb rau kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Lo lus no nws tus kheej yog siv los txiav txim cov npe ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas ib lub tuam txhab tsim khoom. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tau qhia nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm hom.

Cov assortment tuaj yeem yog pab pawg, sib koom ua ke thiab ua tiav. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog txo tsuas yog los txiav txim qhov degree ntawm obsolescence ntawm cov khoom thiab lawv uniformity tsis.

Nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub ntsiab lus no, nws tsim nyog nco ntsoov lub npe, uas yog cov npe ntawm cov khoom tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab, nrog rau lawv cov lej. Cov tom kawg yog teem rau txhua tusib hom khoom tshwj xeeb raws li OKPP (tag nrho-Lavxias classifier ntawm cov khoom lag luam).

Vim li cas thiaj li yuav tsum tau ntsuas qhov ntau yam

Kev tshuaj xyuas hauv kev tsim khoom yog xav tau kom tau txais qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm. Kev soj ntsuam ntawm ntau yam thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom tso cai rau koj kom muaj peev xwm npaj cov txheej txheem nthuav tawm cov npe ntawm cov khoom, uas thaum kawg txiav txim siab hom kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom nrog qhov kev nyiam sib txawv.

Ib qho ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam tau hais los saum toj no yog qhov sib txawv (kev sib cais) ntawm ib hom khoom raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov neeg tuaj saib lub hom phiaj. Peb tab tom tham txog kev tsim cov khoom uas zoo sib xws hauv lawv cov neeg siv khoom zoo thiab tuaj yeem hloov tau ib leeg, tab sis tseem muaj qee qhov sib txawv. Txoj hauv kev no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua lag luam hauv ib puag ncig kev sib tw.

Yog li, txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom cov txheej txheem sib txawv ua tau zoo, kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom lag luam yog qhov tsim nyog.

Cov khoom nomenclature

Kom nkag siab zoo dua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog cov npe, nws ua rau kev nkag siab zoo rau cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom lag luam. Lo lus no yog siv los txhais cov khoom lag luam. Qhov tseeb, peb tab tom tham txog ib pawg ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas muaj kev sib raug zoo vim yog siv thaj tsam ze thiab, vim li ntawd, yog npaj rau tib neeg lub hom phiaj. Kev lag luam lag luam siv rau lawv qhov kev siv (cov khw, cov khw muag khoom lag luam) kuj yog tib hom. Ib qhov chaw yog siv rau qhov ntaunqe.

Nws yog los ntawm ntau yam khoom kab uas cov khoom lag luam muaj. Yog li ntawd, tsis muaj kev nkag siab txog dab tsi lub assortment yog tsim los ntawm thiab nws yog dab tsi, nws yuav nyuaj heev los soj ntsuam nws.

yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom nomenclature

Yog tias koj sim kawm txhua pab pawg ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, koj yuav pom tias nws muaj qee yam yam ntxwv: saturation, dav, sib haum xeeb thiab tob.

Qhov saturation ntawm cov khoom lag luam tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li tag nrho cov khoom lag luam uas nws muaj.

Kev dav yog tus yam ntxwv tom ntej, yam tsis muaj qhov yuav nyuaj rau kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom lag luam, thiab nws txhais tau tias tag nrho cov khoom lag luam uas ib lub tuam txhab tsim tawm. Ib qho piv txwv yog lub khw muag khoom, hais, khoom noj khoom haus, tab sis tib lub sij hawm muab cov neeg siv khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom: cov khoom ci, cov khoom noj nqaij, thiab lwm yam.

Raws li kev sib haum xeeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam, ib tus yuav tsum nkag siab qhov sib thooj ntawm daim ntawv ntawm kev siv kawg ntawm cov khoom uas muaj nyob rau ntau pawg. Cov kev faib tawm, cov kev xav tau rau lub koom haum ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab lwm yam kev ntsuas kuj yuav zoo sib xws. Ntawm no dua, piv txwv ntawm lub khw muag khoom noj yog qhov tsim nyog, qhov twg koj tuaj yeem yuav tag nrho cov khoom xyaw tsim nyog rau kev ua noj, hais, thawj chav kawm.

Xav txog kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej qhov tob ntawm pawg khoom. Hauv qhov no, muaj qhov sib txawvmuab kev xaiv rau ib tug neeg cov khoom uas nyob rau hauv tib pab pawg.

Tus nqi

Thaum txheeb xyuas qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom, tus nqi yuav tsum nco ntsoov coj mus rau hauv tus account, vim tias qib kev muag khoom ntawm ib qho khoom lag luam feem ntau nyob ntawm nws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm kev tsim khoom, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom tiav tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv ob hom: cov khoom lag luam tawm thiab tag nrho.

Yog tias peb xav txog qhov tag nrho, ces nws yuav tsum suav nrog cov khoom tiav uas tsim los ntawm txhua qhov kev faib khoom ntawm ib lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb rau kev siv hauv lub tuam txhab nws tus kheej (tus kheej tsis yog kev lag luam, kev tsim peev, thiab lwm yam).

Raws li piv txwv, peb tuaj yeem hais txog cov khoom lag luam ib nrab ntawm peb tus kheej tsim, uas tom qab tso tawm rau sab rau lawv cov peev kev tsim kho lossis muab faib rau cov tuam txhab tsis yog kev lag luam.

Cov khoom lag luam tso tawm, tsis zoo li tag nrho, suav nrog tsuas yog cov khoom tsis tiav. Tus nqi ntawm cov khoom no yog coj mus rau hauv tus account ntawm cov lag luam uas lub voj voog ntau lawm tsis pub dhau 12 lub hlis. Cov xwm txheej no tseem ceeb, vim tias nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej uas tso tawm cov khoom tiav lawm ntev tshaj li ib xyoos, cov khoom tseem tsis tau tso tawm yuav raug nqi hloov pauv loj.

qauv khoom

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm lub tuam txhab cov khoom lag luam yuav tsis ua tiav yam tsis suav nrog qhov xwm txheej no. Cov qauv ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum to taub raws li qhov piv ntawm ntau hom ntawm cov khoom tiav tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm tag nrho cov ntim ntawm lawv cov khoom.

Ua tiav ntawm txoj kev npaj rau cov qauv ntawm cov khoom txhais tau hais tias qhov kev npaj ua ntejqhov piv ntawm nws hom nyob rau hauv cov khoom tiav tau khaws cia. Yog tias txoj kev npaj ua tiav tsis sib xws, qhov no yuav ua rau pom qhov sib txawv ntawm cov qauv kev npaj khoom, uas, dhau los, yuav ua txhaum cov xwm txheej uas raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum sib piv cov ntsuas kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam.

Txhawm rau tshem tawm cov qauv hloov pauv, lawv yuav tsum muaj peev xwm suav thiab suav. Txoj kev tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau kev ua tiav lub hom phiaj no yog txoj kev suav ncaj qha rau txhua yam khoom, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm tus nqi nruab nrab. Siv txoj hauv kev no, nws muaj peev xwm zam kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov tsis xav tau kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov ntsuas kev lag luam.

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntau yam ntawm cov khoom

Cov txheej txheem kev tshuaj xyuas nws tus kheej pib nrog kev kawm txog qhov tseeb li cas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab cov txiaj ntsig tag nrho hloov pauv, thaum kev loj hlob tau ruaj khov thiab qhov ntsuas tau suav.

Tsis tas li, kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm tau ua, rau cov ntaub ntawv twg rau ib lub lis piam, kaum hnub, ib hlis thiab, raws li, peb lub hlis twg yog siv. Nrog rau qhov no, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua hauj lwm nrog cov khoom kab muaj xws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm txoj kev npaj rau assortment thiab nomenclature nws tus kheej.

Nws tsim nyog nco qab tias hauv qab nomenclature koj yuav tsum nkag siab cov npe ntawm cov npe ntawm ntau yam khoom, nrog rau lawv cov lej, uas tau teeb tsa raws li kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom lag luam.

Kawm txog kev txheeb xyuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov cov hauv qab no: thaum ntsuas qib ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm txoj kev npaj, qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm ntau yam yog muab piv nrog cov txiaj ntsig tiag tiag. Yog li, txoj kev npaj tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tsuas yog ua tiav thaum tag nrho cov khoomassortment tau tsim nyob rau hauv lub ntim yuav tsum tau.

Yog tias qhov ntsuas qhov xav tau tsis ua tiav, cov xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim raug txheeb xyuas. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv tuaj yeem yog sab hauv thiab sab nraud.

thawj pab pawg suav nrog kev ua tsis tau zoo hauv lub koom haum thiab kev tswj hwm tom qab ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov khoom siv, thiab lwm yam. Cov pab pawg thib ob ntawm cov laj thawj raug txo kom muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev thov rau qee yam khoom, kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam. belated tso tawm cov chaw tsim khoom.

Txoj kev ntsuas

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab nws cov qauv pib nrog kev soj ntsuam ntawm yuav ua li cas txoj kev npaj rau kev tso tawm ntau yam khoom lag luam tau ua tiav. Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, qhov ntsuas no tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev sib piv cov khoom tso tawm tiag tiag (cov hom tseem ceeb tau muab rau hauv tus account) thiab ib qho uas tau npaj tseg.

Txhawm rau ua kom tiav txoj haujlwm no - kev ntsuas muaj peev xwm - ob peb txoj hauv kev pov thawj pab:

- xam cov coefficient ntawm kev ua raws li txoj kev npaj rau kev tso tawm cov khoom uas xav tau;

- txoj kev qis tshaj plaws;

- kev txiav txim siab ntawm kev sib koom hauv cov npe ntawm cov khoom lag luam, raws li qhov kev npaj tsim khoom tau ua tiav.

Cov txheej txheem no yuav tso cai rau koj los ua qhov kev soj ntsuam muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab, raws li, ua "sharpened" rau txoj haujlwm tam sim no.

Tsim cov kab khoom

Qhov tseem ceeb, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov tseeb tias cov khoom yuav yog. Nws yog rau lub peev xwm tsim ntawm cov khoom kab uas cov degree ntawmqhov cuam tshuam ntawm ntau hom khoom, nrog rau qhov xav tau rau lawv qhov sib txawv.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom los muab cov khoom lag luam uas cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, thiab raws sijhawm, txwv tsis pub cov neeg sib tw yuav tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

Txawm li cas los xij, kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov qauv sib txawv yuav tsum suav nrog kev faib khoom rau hauv pawg xws li qub thiab tshiab. Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lwm yam yam ntxwv uas ncaj qha ntsig txog cov khoom tiav: cov khoom loj thiab ib qho kev tsim, daim ntawv tso cai, kev paub, cov khoom zoo tib yam thiab cov cuab yeej siv siab.

Ua ntej tsim ntau yam, lub tuam txhab, raws li txoj cai, txhim kho lub tswv yim uas yuav ua kom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb. Qhov tseeb tias lub tswv yim tsim nyog yog qhov tseeb, txij li nws tau tsim los txheeb xyuas cov khoom uas zoo tshaj plaws haum rau ntau haiv neeg thiab cov qauv ntawm cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Lub tuam txhab yuav tom qab tsom mus rau kev tsim cov khoom tshwj xeeb no.

Yuav ua li cas lub tswvyim yog tsim

Txhawm rau tsim lub tswv yim tiag tiag, ntau qhov ntsuas tau txheeb xyuas:

- tus nqi qib rau ib pab pawg tshwj xeeb;

- qhov piv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom;

- hloov tshiab zaus thiab qib assortment.

Feem ntau, kev kwv yees tsuas yog tsom rau kev txiav txim siab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam khoom kab. Ib tug qauv yuav tsum to taub raws li ib tug hloov nyob rau hauv assortment qauv ntawm kev thov thiab, yog li ntawd, cov khoom muab.

Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom lag luam, nws txoj kev npaj, tsim thiab kev tswj hwm yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem uas yeej tsis nres. Ntawd yog, kev ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv ib txwm ua thiab tuaj yeem nres yog tias ib pawg khoom tshwj xeeb raug rho tawm ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Cov ntsiab lus tsim tawm

Yog tias peb xav txog kev txheeb xyuas qhov ntau thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm kev lag luam uas yog cov tuam txhab loj, ces nws tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas rau cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm uas siv los ntawm cov tuam txhab xws li. Nws cov ntsiab lus npau taws mus rau ntau theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev txheeb xyuas.

Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, qhov kev thov uas twb muaj lawm rau cov khoom tsim tau raug soj ntsuam. Qhov no yog ua raws li lub koom haum ntawm kev siv tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lub tuam txhab cov peev txheej (kev siv tshuab, nyiaj txiag, cov khoom siv raw, kev ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm).

Tom ntej no los txog theem ntawm kev tsim khoom, uas suav nrog kev ua tiav ntawm plaub txoj haujlwm:

- txheeb xyuas qhov kev xav tau thiab tam sim no ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom;

- txiav txim siab seb qhov kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom tsim thiab kev npaj tsim khoom li cas;

- kawm txog lub neej voj voog ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv kev lag luam thiab kev ntsuas xws li kev qhia txog cov haujlwm tshiab, nrog rau kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv tsis siv khoom siv;

- thaum kawg, kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv tau ua (qib qhov kev pheej hmoo thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam raug ntsuas).

Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub khw tau uaraws li qhov yooj yim algorithm (cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tsis suav nrog).

Quality

Yuav kom cov khoom lag luam kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau, nws yog qhov tsim nyog tsis yog kom muaj ntau yam khoom, tab sis kuj muaj qib zoo ntawm qhov zoo.

txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov ntsuas no, tus neeg zoo ntawm ntau cov kab khoom raug ntsuas. Kev saib xyuas hauv qhov no yog kos rau cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no ntawm cov khoom:

- kev ntseeg tau (kev ruaj ntseg, kav ntev, kev ntseeg siab);

- zoo nkauj (tsim, tsos, ergonomics);

- muaj txiaj ntsig (hlau cov ntsiab lus hauv ore, roj cov ntsiab lus ntawm mis nyuj, thiab lwm yam);

- manufacturability (zog siv zog thiab siv zog ua haujlwm).

Kev ntsuas qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam, los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov yam ntxwv no, tso cai rau koj kom tau txais lub tswv yim ntawm yuav ua li cas cov assortment ua tau raws li kev xav tau ntawm kev lag luam. Yog tias tsis muaj kev tshuaj xyuas zoo li no, kev tsim khoom yuav xaus tsis muaj txiaj ntsig.

Results

Kev soj ntsuam ntawm ntau yam thiab cov qauv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov piv txwv ntawm cov lag luam loj thiab me tso cai rau peb los txiav txim siab tias theem no ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog kev tsim khoom yog qhov tseeb. Yog tias tsis muaj kev ntsuam xyuas zoo ntawm ntau qhov ntsuas cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom lag luam, nws yuav tsis yooj yim los ua txoj haujlwm muaj zog hauv ib ntu kev lag luam.