Pov tseg - yog dab tsi?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev pov tseg pov tseg yog kev khaws cia thiab pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb lossis ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Cov yav tas muaj xws li landfills, complexes, subsoil plots, lug, thiab hais txog. Lawv txoj kev siv yuav tsum tau tso cai los ntawm lub koom haum tswj hwm muaj peev xwm. Qee lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm pov tseg thiab nruab nrab ntawm cov pov tseg. Cov dej num no raug tso cai.

Storage Features

Kev pov tseg pov tseg yog ib qho haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Kev khaws cov khoom pov tseg tuaj yeem ua tau ntev lossis luv luv. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub tom kawg, peb tab tom tham txog kev tso kawm rau lub sijhawm mus txog 11 lub hlis. Cov dej num no hu ua accumulator. Yog tias kev khaws cia tau ua rau lub sijhawm tshaj li qhov tau teev tseg, lawv hais txog kev khaws cov khoom pov tseg. Cov khib nyiab uas tsis raug muab pov tseg tom qab raug muab faus. Nws tau ua nyob rau hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb cia uas tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov teeb meem sib txuas rau ib puag ncig.

Daim ntawv tso cai nta

Txoj cai tsim kom muaj qhov yuav tsum tau uatau daim ntawv tso cai pov tseg. Daim ntawv tso cai no yog muab rau cov khoom siv pov tseg tshwj xeeb. Daim ntawv tso cai, uas tau txais ua ntej 2015-01-07, siv tau mus txog 2019-01-01. Cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv raw uas lub tuam txhab npaj ua haujlwm tau teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv txuas ntxiv rau daim ntawv tso cai. Kev pov tseg cov pov tseg uas tsis nyob hauv daim ntawv teev npe yog suav tias yog txhaum cai. Cov dej khib nyiab pov tseg yuav raug cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig tus nqi. Ib qho kev zam yog muab rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev pov tseg cov pov tseg uas tsis muaj teeb meem. Qhov tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov yuav tsum tau lees paub los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm ib puag ncig.

Cov ntaub ntawv rau daim ntawv tso cai

Muaj ib daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau txais daim ntawv tso cai rau kev pov tseg. Nov yog:

1. Cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj.
2. Daim ntawv teev npe rau qhov chaw, khoom siv thiab cov khoom pov tseg.

Ntxiv rau, koj yuav tsum muab ntxiv:

1. Txoj cai lees paub qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw pov tseg.
2. Storage Project.
3. Ib daim ntawv lees paub qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev saib xyuas hluav taws xob thiab daim ntawv pov thawj nrog cov cim pov thawj.
4. Pom zoo nrog lub koom haum cuam tshuam los tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tsoo.
5. Radiation control program.
6. Daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm kev cob qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg ua haujlwm lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab.
7. feeb kos raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov rooj sib tham pej xeem tau tuav ntawm qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov khoomneutralization.
8. EIA seem rau thaj chaw cia.
9. Kev xav zoo los ntawm Lub Xeev Ecological Expertise.
10. Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Thaj Chaw.
11. Xaus ntawm qhov chaw huv huv thiab kis kab mob. Nws yuav tsum yog qhov zoo.
12. Txoj Haujlwm kom muaj kev tso tawm ntau tshaj plaws rau qhov chaw pov tseg pov tseg.
13. Tso cai pov tseg cov khoom siv raw.
14. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim cov qauv pov tseg thiab txwv kev pov tseg pov tseg.

Kev xav tau rau cov khoom

Kev pov tseg ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev siv pov tseg yog ib qho haujlwm uas tau tswj hwm nruj heev los ntawm lub xeev. Hauv qhov no, txoj cai lij choj kho cov kev cai rau cov chaw uas cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg raug khaws cia. Cov ntawv sau tseem ceeb tau tshaj tawm hauv tsab xov xwm 12 ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No. 89 thiab SanPiN 2.17.1322-03. Cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov khoom siv pov tseg yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab raws li kev tshawb fawb ntawm hydrological, geological thiab lwm yam kev kawm tshwj xeeb raws li cov kev cai tsim los ntawm txoj cai. Nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw thiab nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm ib puag ncig, cov tswv, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov complexes, yuav tsum saib xyuas lub xeev ntawm xwm. Tom qab ua tiav ntawm kev siv cov chaw, cov koom haum no yuav tsum tau ua kev tswj xyuas thiab ntsuas kom rov qab tau cov chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam.

txwv tsis pub

Kev pov tseg cov khoom siv tsis raug tso cai:

• innyob rau hauv cov chaw nyob, chaw so, hav zoov, chaw kho mob thiab kho cov pej xeem, thaj chaw tiv thaiv dej, hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov chaw sau dej, cov chaw hauv av nrog cov dej siv rau cov tsev neeg xav tau thiab haus;
• nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas muaj cov zaub mov nyob, kev ua haujlwm mining, yog tias muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev kis kab mob ntawm thaj chaw no;
• muaj cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev rov ua dua tshiab.

Txoj cai tseem txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom pov tseg hauv nroog rau kev rov ua dua tshiab ntawm quarries thiab av. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tshem tawm kev ua hauj lwm, enclosing thiab overburden pob zeb, cov ntaub ntawv rau mining ferrous hlau ntawm 4 thiab 5 chav kawm yuav siv tau.

SanPiN

Daim ntawv no muab rau cov kev xav tau ntau dua li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai saum toj no. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev pov tseg pov tseg, raws li SanPiN, nyob ntawm lawv chav kawm txaus ntshai:

• 1 chav - hauv ntim, thoob, cisterns.
• 2 cl. - hauv hnab yas, hnab polyethylene.
• 3 chav - hauv textile, ntawv, paj rwb hnab.
• 4 cl. - embankment.

Ib ntu ntawm SanPiN tau mob siab rau cov kev xav tau ncaj qha rau cov chaw nyob. Ib feem, lawv tau muab luam tawm los ntawm cov kev cai ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No 89. Txoj haujlwm pov tseg pov tseg yog tsim nyob rau theem kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw cia khoom. Lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub cheeb tsam yog tsim los mus rau hauv tus account lub peev xwm ntawm nws exploitation rau 25 litres. Cov khoom yuav tsum raug xaiv sab nraum lub zos, qhov chaw so rau pej xeem.

Warehouse method

Khaws cov khoom siv raw tuaj yeem nqa tau:

1. Spoil heap.
2. Tshuaj ntsuab.
3. Nyob hauv qhov ntxa.
4. Beds.
5. Nyob hauv trenches.
6. In containers.
7. Nyob hauv tanks.
8. Ntawm daim npav.
9. Nyob hauv tsav.
10. Ntawm platforms.

Cov khoom tau nkag mus rau hauv kev tso npe pov tseg (GRRO). Nws yog txwv tsis pub khaws cov ntaub ntawv hauv qhov chaw tsis tau teev tseg hauv nws.

Hnub kawg rau kev tau txais kev tso cai

Nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev dua los muab daim ntawv tso cai tshaj tawm cov khoom dua li thauj thiab khaws. Yog tias peb tham txog qhov xwm txheej uas tus neeg txaus siab muaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog los ntawm cov npe saum toj no, tag nrho lub sijhawm tau txais daim ntawv tso cai yuav yog li 5.5 lub hlis. Kev sau npe suav nrog kev npaj ua kom pom tseeb, kev sib koom tes hauv peb lub peev xwm thiab ob daim tshev. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv kev coj ua tau ua rau lub sijhawm ntev dua. Yog tias tus neeg txaus siab tsis muaj tej yaam num ntawm SPZ thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws emissions, kev tso npe yuav raug ncua rau lub sij hawm tau txais cov lus xaus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no. Piv txwv li, raws li txoj cai kawg, nws raug muab tso rau hauv 5 lub hlis. Nrog rau kev tsim ib txhij, koj tuaj yeem ntsib li 6-7 lub hlis. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no, cov kws tshaj lij ntxiv yuav tau koom nrog. Kev ntsuam xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ib puag ncig thiab kev sib hais rau pej xeem yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg 3 lub hlis. Yog li ntawd, ib xyoos thiab ib nrab zoo li yog lub sijhawm tiag tiag. Tib lub sijhawm, cov kws tshaj lij uas koom nrog hauv kev tsim qauv yuav tsum muaj lub sijhawm meej.

Daim Ntawv Pov Thawj Kev Cai pov tseg

Tiv thaiv qhov tsis zookev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig hauv kev lag luam lossis lwm yam dej num los ntawm pej xeem thiab cov koom haum raug cai, cov neeg siv cov khoom siv ntuj tsim, kev txwv tsis pub muaj kev cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig tau tsim. Cov no suav nrog cov qauv tsim khoom pov tseg thiab txwv kev pov tseg pov tseg (NOOLR). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tshaj lawv, cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev lag luam thiab lwm yam dej num muaj lub luag hauj lwm, enshrined nyob rau hauv txoj cai. Raws li txoj cai dav dav, cov kev cai lij choj tau pom zoo txog li 5 xyoos. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tuam txhab lees paub qhov tsis sib xws ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov khoom siv raw siv los ntawm kev lag luam. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm kev npaj ib daim ntawv qhia. Cov ntaub ntawv no raug xa mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Rosprirodnadzor. Yog tias qhov project tau tsim los ua raws li cov kev cai tsim, ces nws yuav muaj cov qauv uas ze li sai tau rau lub xeev tiag tiag. Lub caij no, cov kws tshaj lij feem ntau ua yuam kev thaum siv txoj kev suav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, thawj xyoo ntawm kev lag luam kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv qhov project, ntau dhau ntawm cov qauv tsim tau raug nthuav tawm.

Kev daws teeb meem

Cov neeg siv khoom siv ntuj tsim tau paub zoo txog qhov ua phem rau lawv thaum tsis muaj qauv. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev xam cov nyiaj them peb lub hlis twg rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov xwm txheej, tus nqi yuav nce ntxiv. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau tshaj qhov txwv, txoj cai tsim kom nce coefficients rau pov tseg. Xyoo 2016 yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev tuav cov neeg siv cov peev txheej ntuj tsim nyog rau txoj hauv kev no. Nws tsim nyog sau ib qho ntxivib qho tseem ceeb nuance cuam tshuam nrog kev suav. Kev nce cov coefficients rau kev pov tseg pov tseg kuj tseem siv rau hauv rooj plaub thaum NOLR txoj kev npaj tau tsim raws li cov kev xav tau, cov ntsuas tsim nyog tau teeb tsa, tab sis nyob rau lub sijhawm tam sim no ntau cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg tau tsim thiab khaws cia ntau dua li cov ntaub ntawv teev tseg.

Terminology

Qhov kev txwv ntawm kev pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv pov tseg yog qhov siab tshaj plaws tso cai ntim ntawm cov khib nyiab ntawm qee yam, uas tso cai rau khaws cia rau hauv ib txoj kev tshwj xeeb rau lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb. Thaum xam nws, qhov xwm txheej ecological nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam yog coj mus rau hauv tus account. Tus txheej txheem rau kev tsim khoom pov tseg yog qhov tsim ntim ntawm cov khoom pov tseg ntawm qee yam hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm ib chav tsev.

Kev ntseeg ntawm lub tswv yim

Qhov kev txwv qhov chaw tso kawm, suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no, yog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom pov tseg uas lub tuam txhab muaj cai khaws cia rau tom ntej hloov mus rau qhov chaw muaj ntawv tso cai rau kev khaws cia lossis pov tseg mus ntev. Nws raug txiav txim siab raws li lub peev xwm ntawm cov tsav tsheb thiab lub sijhawm khaws cia ua ntej kev thauj mus los rau qhov chaw pov tseg. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauv kev no rau lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub tswv yim tsis meej yog nyob deb ntawm tib qho. Raws li lwm qhov kev xav, nws ntseeg tau tias lo lus tsuas yog hais txog kev khaws cia / pov tseg cov khoom pov tseg ntawm cov chaw tshwj xeeb thiab tsis suav nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev khaws cia ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub tuam txhab. Kev qhia tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv Cov Txheej Txheem pom zoo los ntawmkev txiav txim ntawm Ministry of Natural Resources No. 50 ntawm 2010. Nws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog, hais tias cov qauv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv pov tseg yog siv los tsim kom muaj qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom, suav nrog cov phiaj xwm ntsuas ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom tsim, ua haujlwm lossis kev pabcuam. Tib txheej txheem tsim kom muaj cov cai rau kev txhim kho thiab kev pom zoo ntawm NOLR kho cov kev cai rau kev npaj thiab xa cov ntaub ntawv los txiav txim siab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib hom xa mus rau cov chaw cuam tshuam, suav nrog cov xwm txheej ib puag ncig ntawm hauv av. Qhov kev txhais no zoo ib yam li cov lus uas tau teev tseg hauv Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Txoj Cai No. 89. Raws li qhov no, txoj kev npaj ntawm cov qauv tsim tsuas yog ib qho kev txwv ntawm kev pov tseg, tab sis tsis yog qhov qhia txog kev tsim cov khib nyiab. Kev ua txhaum cai ntawm cov lus tshaj tawm yog sib npaug los ntawm cov tswj hwm nrog rau kev ua txhaum cai. Raws li, kev lav phib xaub tshwm sim raws li tau teev tseg los ntawm Txoj Cai Tswjfwm Kev Ua txhaum cai.