Autoclaved aerated qhob: ntau lawm, Scope, khoom nta

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Hom pob zeb no tau ntev tau nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm thawj cov khoom siv hauv tsev. Yog li ntawd, ntau lub Hoobkas thiab tuam txhab lag luam tau koom nrog nws cov khoom siv. Nrog rau kev txhim kho thev naus laus zis, autoclaved aerated qhob tuaj yeem pom muaj ntau yam duab, qhov ntau thiab tsawg thiab xim.

Autoclaved aerated qhob muaj peb lub ntsiab:

• cement;
• quartz xuab zeb;
• gasifiers.

qauv

Nws muaj qhov pores txog li peb millimeters loj.

Nws suav hais tias yog hom cellular pob zeb. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke yog lub hauv paus binder, muab tub lim thiab dej. Aerated qhob tuaj yeem raug cais raws li hom kev khi hauv lub hauv paus, nws tuaj yeem ua tau:

• cement;
• lime;
• slag;
• gas gypsum.

Autoclaved aerated pob zeb raws li cov cement ua ke nrog cov txiv qaub tau siv dav.

Yuav kom ua tiav cov qauv ntxeem tau, tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim hauv pob zeb uas tso tawm roj.

Tau tsim cov txheej txheem zoo li no, siv cov hmoov txhuas los yog muab tshuaj txhuam. Yog tias tsim nyog los muab cov khoom tshwj xeeb, cov tshuaj ntxiv tau nkag rau hauv nws cov khoom xyaw.

Txoj Kev Ua Haujlwm

Koj tuaj yeem tau txais autoclaved aerated ua vaj tse nyob rau hauv no txoj kev: ib tug nyias sib tov ntawm pob zeb yog poured rau hauv tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub ntim. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev poob siab ua haujlwm rau nws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tshav kub yog tso tawm vim lub quenching ntawm txiv qaub. Qhov kub ntawm lub autoclave nce mus txog 80 degrees.

Tom qab no, cov txiv qaub reacts nrog txhuas, los ntawm cov pa tawm. Vim li no, qhov loj ntawm pob zeb nce mus rau ntawm ntug ntawm daim ntawv. Siab, zoo li kub, nce. Raws li kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov txiaj ntsig no, cov cement hardens, thaum lub qhov pores tseem nyob, thiab hauv lawv twb muaj huab cua es tsis txhob hydrogen. Yog li, qhov tsim ntawm cov qauv pob zeb tshwm sim, qhov pores nyob rau hauv 80 feem pua ntawm cov ntim. Koj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov feem pua ntawm porosity los ntawm kev hloov pauv cov hmoov txhuas.

Tom qab ob peb teev, cov tawv tawv tau muab tshem tawm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab txiav rau hauv ntu ntawm qhov xav tau loj. Tom qab ntawd cov blocks tiav raug xa rov qab mus rau autoclave, qhov kev kho tag nrho yuav ua tiav tom qab 12 teev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub kub tswj yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 190 degrees ntawm ib tug siab ntawm 1.2 MPa.

Feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov ntim ntawm pob zeb cement tsis ntau tshaj 20%, thiab Portland cement feem ntau siv.

Nyob rau hauv lub ntim loj, autoclaved aerated qhob muaj quartz xuab zeb (kwv yees li 60%). Txiv qaub yog tib yam li cov cement, tsis ntau tshaj 20%. Cov ntsiab lus txhuas tuaj yeem tsis pub ntau tshaj ib feem pua.

Autoclaved aerated qhob manufacturers ntawm lawv cov lag luam xyuas kom meej tias lub siab thiab kub ua rau cov ntxhia tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev tivthaiv - tobermorite. Nws yog vim qhov kev tsim no uas cov khoom muaj lub zog siab thiab tsis raug shrinkage. Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv dag zog yog tias lub sijhawm tsim khoom raug txo, uas tso cai rau kev tsim cov khoom loj.

Yam khoom

Qhov tseeb ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog nyob ntawm seb hom cellular pob zeb tsim. Cov txheej txheem dav dav yog raws li hauv qab no:

• npaj cov khoom xyaw uas xav tau;
• npaj cov sib tov thiab qhia tus neeg sawv cev rau hauv nws;
• shape sau;
• tshem tawm cov sib tov ntau dhau;
• sijhawm raug.

Sizes

Zoo li cov khoom siv hauv tsev, aerated qhob muaj qauv.

Qhov loj ntawm cov blocks no loj dua li cov cib. Txhua yam yuav tsum ua nrog qhov hnyav dua. Blocks rau lub tsev muaj qhov ntev:

• ntev - 625mm;
• dav txawv ntawm 100mm txog 400mm;
• siab - ntawm 200 txog 250 mm.

Ib txwm, qhov loj me tuaj yeem ua kom yooj yim thiab nrawm nrawm ntawm lawv tso. Thiab lawv qhov hnyav tsis tseem ceeb yuav tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev ua haujlwm nrog nws.

Autoclaved aerated qhob ntau lawm muaj qhov zoo dua, thiab nws yog cov duab ntawm cov blocks. Lawv muaj ib qho zoo tagnrho cov duab, cov ces kaum thiab cov npoo uas yog txawm thiab du. Thaiv qhov ntau thiab tsawg tsis hloov raws sijhawm. Txawm tias sib txawv ntawm cov blocks muaj qhov yuam kev me me hauv lawv qhov loj - tsuas yog 1.5 hli. Rau cov blocks ntawm qeb qis tshaj, qhov ntsuas no tuaj yeem yog 3 hli, tab sis piv rau tag nrho cov thaiv, daim duab no tsis muaj tseeb.

Properties

Autoclaved aerated pob zeb muaj qhov hnyav qis nrog lub ntim loj - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom zoo li no. Nws lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tsis ntau tshaj 700 kg/m³. Tsis tas li ntawd, ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv autoclave, lub zog compressive tau nce ntxiv - txog li 50 kg / cm².

Yog tias koj hloov qhov porosity ntawm pob zeb, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv thermal conductivity thiab lub zog. Nrog rau kev nce hauv nws lub zog txo, tab sis cov thermal rwb thaiv tsev zog nce. Txo qhov ntsuas no ua rau muaj qhov cuam tshuam.

Hloov pauv hauv qhov porosity ua rau qhov tseeb tias pob zeb tau muab faib ua peb lub ntsiab:

1. Kub-insulating. Qhov ceev ntawm cov khoom siv no yog 400 kg / m³. Nws lub hom phiaj yog thaj chaw uas muaj huab cua txias, tab sis cov tsev los ntawm nws tuaj yeem tsim qis.
2. Kev tsim kho. Qhov no aerated pob zeb muaj qhov ceev tshaj plaws - 700 kg / m³. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev tsim cov tsev siab siab lossis rau cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv thauj khoom. Thaum siv nyob rau hauv cov tsev nyob, nws yuav tsum tau them nrog ib tug ntxiv txheej ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev.
3. Cov qauv thiab cov rwb thaiv tsev kub. Qhov no aerated pob zeb nrog qhov nruab nrab qhov ntom ntom (500 kg / m³) yog siv dav, vim nws muaj ob qho tib si zoo zog thiab txaus thermal rwb thaiv tsev.

Qhov txawv ntawm kev tsim khoom

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los tsim cov pob zeb aerated: hauv autoclave thiab tsis muaj nws. Muaj aerated qhob autoclaved thiab tsis-autoclaved. Yuav nkag siab qhov txawv li cas?

Ob hom muaj tib lub qauv tsim - los ntawm kev tso pa tawm los ntawm kev siv tshuaj lom neeg.

Tab sis cov no yog cov txheej txheem sib txawv. Txoj kev cov blocks harden ua qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm cellular pob zeb.

Tsis yog-autoclaved aerated qhob muaj feem pua ntawm Portland cement nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qhov sib tov yog sab laug kom qhuav ib txwm, tsis tas siv lub qhov cub tshwj xeeb - autoclave. Hom cellular pob zeb no muaj cov nqi tsim khoom tsawg heev. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm nws cov khoom, nws yog ntau inferior rau aerated ua vaj tse tau siv lub kiln.

Tsuas yog cov cog ntoo loj autoclaved aerated ua vaj tse tuaj yeem tsim cov blocks loj, thaum ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem tsim tau txawm tias nyob rau hauv kev lag luam me.

txiaj ntsig

Nws qhov kev ruaj ntseg zoo tso cai tso cov blocks ntawm lub mortar nrog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness (kwv yees li 3 hli). Qhov kom zoo dua no muab kev tiv thaiv siab rau sab nraud. Txij li thaum lub masonry mortar muaj qis dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv tshav kub, nws qhov tsis tseem ceeb tsuas yog ib qho ntxiv. Vim lub fact tias cov npoo thiab cov ces kaum yog txawm, cov tsos ntawm masonry yuav noble.

Lwm qhov zoo dua yog nws qhov kev ua tau zoo rau txhua lub tsev cuab yeej. Autoclaved aerated qhob blocks tuaj yeem npaj, txiav, drilled thiab warped. Koj tuaj yeem yooj yim ntsia hlau ntsia hlau rau hauv nws los yog rauj nwsnail.

Tsim lub tsev nrog cov khoom no

Rau tus neeg uas nyuam qhuav yuav tsim tsev, cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv yuav yog lawv txoj kev ntseeg siab, ua haujlwm ntev, ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thiab kev nplij siab. Hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem kev lag luam, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tau zoo kuj tseem ceeb. Tag nrho cov cim saum toj no yuav sib haum rau cov khoom xws li autoclaved aerated qhob.

Nov yog pob zeb dag, tab sis nws yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom xyaw ntuj. Lub microclimate ntawm xws li ib lub tsev yog tib yam li nyob rau hauv ib lub tsev ua los ntawm ntoo. Tag nrho vim qhov tseeb tias cov qauv ntawm cov blocks yog ntxeem tau, qhov no tso cai rau lub tsev "ua pa".

Txawm tias cov qauv ntxeem tau, hygroscopicity (moisture absorption) nyob rau hauv qhov qub.

Nws feem pua tsis ntau tshaj 5%. Yog tias peb sib piv qhov ntsuas no nrog hygroscopicity ntawm qee hom ntoo, ces qhov feem pua yuav muaj ntau zaus ntau dua. Cua sov lub tsev ua los ntawm aerated qhob yog yooj yim dua li ntawm ib tug cib. Qhov no yuav txuag nqi hluav taws xob ntau heev.

Lub thickness ntawm phab ntsa ntawm aerated qhob tsuas yog 1 thaiv, qhov no yuav txaus rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev. Whereas rau cib, yuav tsum tau ib txheej ntxiv. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm cov phab ntsa yuav tsawg heev.

Hummidity nyob rau hauv aerated qhob chav tsev tsis tuaj yeem ua rau tsim pwm lossis fungi. Hauv cov tsev zoo li no, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev lwj thiab decomposition raug cais tawm. Kev siv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab tau ua kom txo tau cov phab ntsa tuab, thaum tsis txo lawv lub zog. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig los tsim lub tsev los ntawm autoclaved aerated qhob vim qhov tsawg kawg nkauscov nqi zog. Txawm tias tus pib tuaj yeem tiv nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm phab ntsa.

Kev nyab xeeb hluav taws

Lwm qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom siv yog nws qhov kev nyab xeeb hluav taws. Cov phab ntsa ua los ntawm autoclaved aerated qhob tsis ua kom sov txawm tias raug qhib hluav taws. Txij li thaum nws tsis muaj peev xwm hlawv, nws tsis tuaj yeem tawm cov khoom phom sij. Kev tsim kho lub tsev zoo li no yuav ua raws li qhov qis dua cov uas tuaj yeem siv rau lwm yam khoom siv.

block stacking

Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho aerated pob zeb thaiv phab ntsa siv cov khoom sov lossis cov cement-xuab zeb mortar, tab sis cov nplaum tshwj xeeb yuav yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ib txheej nyias, uas yuav tshem tawm cov txuas hniav txias. Thawj kab ntawm blocks yuav tsum tau muab tso rau ntawm ib tug zoo-npaj kab rov tav nto. Kev txhawb zog ntawm xws li masonry yog ua raws li qhov project. Thawj kab ntawm cov blocks, lub qhov rais qis thiab qhov chaw txhawb nqa ntawm cov lintels yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog.

Phab ntsa kho kom zoo nkauj

Ib qhov ua kom zoo aerated pob zeb phab ntsa tsis tas yuav plastering.

Cov txheej txheem sab nrauv tsis tas yuav tsum ua kom tiav, tab sis tuaj yeem ua kom lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj. Hauv huab cua tsis zoo, cov blocks tuaj yeem ntub thiab nqus dej, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj ob centimeters. Txhawm rau zam qhov no, koj yuav tsum tau ua cov khoom siv lub ru tsev kom zoo thiab cov visors thiab muab kev tiv thaiv rau lub plinth.

Thaum xaiv qhov ua tiav sab nrauv, xav tias nws yuav tsum tau permeable, zoo li aerated pob zeb. Nws yuav saib zoo nkauj zoo uaventilated facade los ntawm tej yam khoom muaj. Koj tuaj yeem siv, piv txwv li, autoclaved aerated qhob, cov neeg siv tshuaj xyuas uas tsuas yog qhov zoo. Cov neeg siv nco ntsoov tias nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav txhua yam yam tsis muaj pretreatment ntawm sab hauv phab ntsa.

Tiav tuaj yeem ua tiav ncaj qha ntawm cov blocks. Pre-plastering phab ntsa yog tsis tsim nyog, ntau yooj yim putty yuav txaus. Vapor barrier yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv cov chav uas muaj av noo siab.