Tshawb nrhiav qhov drilling: nta, khoom siv. Assistant driller rau ntau lawm thiab tshawb nrhiav drilling
Tshawb nrhiav qhov drilling: nta, khoom siv. Assistant driller rau ntau lawm thiab tshawb nrhiav drilling

Video: Tshawb nrhiav qhov drilling: nta, khoom siv. Assistant driller rau ntau lawm thiab tshawb nrhiav drilling

Video: Tshawb nrhiav qhov drilling: nta, khoom siv. Assistant driller rau ntau lawm thiab tshawb nrhiav drilling
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Kev Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb yog ib qho haujlwm txhawm rau nrhiav cov khoom siv raw hauv lub plab hauv ntiaj teb. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th hauv Fabkis, lawv tau tshawb nrhiav dej hauv txoj kev no. Nyob rau hauv lub 50s ntawm tib lub xyoo pua, roj tau tshawb nrhiav nrog kev pab los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav drilling.

tshawb nrhiav drilling
tshawb nrhiav drilling

Lub ntsiab ntawm txheej txheem

Hnub no, kev tshawb nrhiav qhov dej tau drilled nrog cov cuab yeej muaj zog thiab sophisticated.

Ib tug chisel tshwj xeeb yog siv los rhuav tshem pob zeb. Nws txuas nrog rau cov kav dej laum. Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav drilling, me ntsis hnav tawm, feem, nws yuav tsum tau hloov. Ua li no, cov yeeb nkab hlua nce, cov khoom hnav raug tshem tawm, thiab ib qho tshiab yog screwed rau. Tom qab ntawd, tag nrho cov kem nqis los rau hauv lub pliaj plhu dua.

Lub chisel muaj txoj kab uas hla loj dua cov kav dej. Tom qab nws dhau los ntawm txheej pob zeb, qhov sib txawv tseem nyob nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab cov yeeb nkab. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov twj tso kua mis muaj zog, cov dej drilling yog pub rau hauv cov kav dej. Nws thawj downwards, thiab ces nce upwards raws lub annulus. Nyob rau saum toj, nws yog ntxuav ntawm pob zeb thiab rov txhaj rau hauv lub qhov dej. Cov haujlwm noyog ua los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij uas tsim nyog - drillers ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tshawb nrhiav drilling. Tau kawg, tag nrho pab neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ib lub chaw.

ntau lawm tshawb nrhiav drilling
ntau lawm tshawb nrhiav drilling

Txhim kho thev naus laus zis

Xyoo 1922, Soviet engineer Kapelyushnikov tau npaj ib txoj kev tshiab ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav drilling - turbine drilling. Lub cav tau qis dua mus rau hauv qab ntawm qhov dej, vim tias qhov me ntsis tig. Qhov kev tsim kho tshiab no tshem tawm qhov xav tau los tsav tag nrho cov yeeb nkab hlua, txuag lub zog tseem ceeb.

Tom qab ntawd, txoj kev tshawb nrhiav turbine tau txhim kho ntau zaus. Niaj hnub no, lub turbodrill yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws, qhov ntev yog hais txog 10 m. Txhua theem ntawm lub tshuab yog nruab nrog 2 disks nrog profiled hniav. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog stator. Nws yog ruaj khov nyob rau hauv lub cev ntawm chav tsev. Qhov thib ob yog lub rotor tig. Lub turbodrill yog tsav los ntawm cov dej drilling uas tau txhaj rau hauv lub qhov dej hauv qab lub siab. Nws ntxuav cov pob zeb seem thiab ntxuav cov hniav rotor.

Ib lub zog me me yog tsim los ntawm txhua ntu ntawm chav tsev. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib xyaw ua ke yog txaus los rhuav tshem cov pob zeb nyuaj tshaj plaws.

Drilling kua

Nws qhov zoo tau txais kev saib xyuas ntxiv. Cov kua dej drilling ua haujlwm ntau yam. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws tsa cov pob zeb puas tsuaj rau saum npoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim nws, lub turbodrill yog teem rau hauv kev sib hloov, qhov me ntsis txias.

Dej siv los ua cov kua dej. Tam sim no nws tsis siv. Vimnws yog tom ntej. Dej yeej muaj peev xwm nqa tau lub pob zeb uas puas lawm mus rau saum npoo. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov txheej txheem nres, tag nrho cov khib nyiab yuav pib nyob. Tom qab qee lub sijhawm, lawv yuav sau qhov chaw annular. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov khoom siv yuav nyob twj ywm hauv qab lub pob zeb. Rub lub tsev yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua. Tag nrho cov no yuav ua rau muaj kev poob nyiaj txiag loj, txij li tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab thiab nws cov ntsiab lus yog ntau lab rubles.

tshawb nrhiav qhov zoo drilling
tshawb nrhiav qhov zoo drilling

Txhawm rau zam qhov xwm txheej zoo li no, siv cov av nplaum tshwj xeeb raws li cov hmoov av nplaum. Nws tsis tso cai rau lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ncua ntawm drilling. Tom qab rov pib dua, cov sludge (pob zeb puas lawm) yuav nce ntxiv.

Kev nyuaj

Thaum drilling hauv subsoil, tej zaum yuav muaj ntau txheej (roj, dej, roj). Ib qho ntawm cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb ntawm cov txheej txheem yog los xyuas kom meej lawv kev tiv thaiv.

Cia peb hais ib lub qhov 4 km nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 30 cm. Los ntawm cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg sib txawv, cov khoom sib tov yuav pib sau qhov chaw. Tom qab ntawd, los ntawm lub reservoir nrog lub siab tshaj plaws, cov tshuaj yuav nkag mus rau lwm theem. Lawv, nyob rau hauv lem, tej zaum yuav muaj cov txheej txheem dej nyob ze rau ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd, cov roj lossis roj yuav nkag mus rau hauv pas dej thiab cov dej ntws, cov dej hauv nroog.

Kev daws teeb meem

Txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim, hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev drilling, lub qhov dej tau ntim nrog cov av nkos. Nws tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov feem ntawm cov txheej txheem tshwm sim rau hauvchaw kawm ntawv. Tab sis txhawm rau ua tiav qhov no, kev daws teeb meem ntawm qee qhov ceev yog xav tau, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej txheem.

tshawb nrhiav drilling drillers
tshawb nrhiav drilling drillers

Pab driller ntawm ntau lawm thiab tshawb nrhiav drilling

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm tau koom nrog hauv kev drilling. Cov neeg ua haujlwm suav nrog tsis yog tsuas yog cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, tab sis kuj txhawb cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Drill Assistant:

  • koom nrog hauv txheej txheem;
  • pib rig hauv qab kev tswj xyuas;
  • ua haujlwm caij tsheb thaum mus ncig;
  • koom nrog kev tso cov kav dej thiab laum;
  • npaj thiab ua cov tshuaj;
  • pib, nres lub twj tso kua mis, tswj lawv txoj haujlwm, ntws dej theem;
  • txheeb xyuas thiab kho qhov tsis raug, hloov cov twj tso kua mis hnav.

Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm kuj suav nrog kev koom tes hauv kev tshem tawm cov xwm txheej thiab teeb meem.

Qualification requirements

Tus pab driller yuav tsum paub:

  • kev cai lij choj rau kev siv tshuab drilling, koom haum ua haujlwm;
  • tus yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm geological ntawm deposits;
  • yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm cov roj thiab roj ntau lawm, rho tawm lwm cov zaub mov;
  • cov yam ntxwv thev naus laus zis thiab kev npaj cov cuab yeej, khoom siv, cov txheej txheem, cov cai rau lawv siv.
pab driller rau ntau lawm thiab tshawb nrhiav drilling
pab driller rau ntau lawm thiab tshawb nrhiav drilling

Vim tus neeg ua haujlwm txoj haujlwmkev pabcuam ntawm cov chav nyob kuj suav nrog, tom qab ntawd nws yuav tsum paub cov cai rau kev npaj, tu, kev daws teeb meem, lawv lub cev tseem ceeb thiab tshuaj tsis haum, cov cai rau kev npaj cov kav dej rau kev khiav, drilling rig schemes, kev khiav hauj lwm cov lus qhia rau blowout tiv thaiv cov khoom.

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