Yuav ua li cas pub yaj tom tsev? Nta, kev xav tau thiab cov lus pom zoo
Yuav ua li cas pub yaj tom tsev? Nta, kev xav tau thiab cov lus pom zoo

Video: Yuav ua li cas pub yaj tom tsev? Nta, kev xav tau thiab cov lus pom zoo

Video: Yuav ua li cas pub yaj tom tsev? Nta, kev xav tau thiab cov lus pom zoo
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Anonim

Yaj yog cov tsiaj ua liaj ua teb nyuaj nrog cov khoom lag luam siab. Kev ua liaj ua teb tau txais txiaj ntsig rau kev yug me nyuam hom MRS no yog, ntawm lwm yam, vim tias, nrog cov nqi noj tsawg, yaj tuaj yeem nce qhov hnyav sai. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tsiaj no kuj raug suav hais tias yog qhov tsis xav tau rau cov xwm txheej ntawm kev kaw.

Tau kawg, ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb tshiab xav paub yuav ua li cas pub yaj thaum lawv yug me nyuam. Thaum tsim cov khoom noj rau yaj, yam xws li lub hnub nyoog ntawm cov tsiaj, lawv cov tsiaj yug thiab pab pawg neeg ua haujlwm yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.

Meadow pastures
Meadow pastures

Ntau yam pub siv

Kev noj zaub mov rau yaj hauv kev ua liaj ua teb yuav tsum muab tso ua ke kom cov tsiaj tau txais tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau lawv lub cev, cov vitamins, kab kawm, thiab lwm yam.:

  • kub;
  • xwb;
  • ntxhib.

Tsis tas li, MRS ntawm cov liaj teb feem ntau tau txais cov khoom noj sib xyaw. Mixtures ntawm no ntau yamNtxiv nrog rau cov concentrated, lawv yuav muaj roughage, nrog rau ntau yam ntxhia thiab vitamin ntxiv. Feem ntau, hom zaub mov yaj no muaj protein ntau thiab cov as-ham.

khoom noj muaj kua

hom zaub mov no kuj yog ib lo lus teb zoo rau cov lus nug seb yuav pub dab tsi rau yaj. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom noj muaj kua rau yaj yog feem ntau thaum nws noj, cov txheej txheem digestive hauv cov tsiaj txhu txhim kho. Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum siv ntau hom zaub mov no rau yaj, tus neeg ua liaj ua teb tau txais lub sijhawm los txuag cov khoom kim heev.

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm qhov pub ntawm ntau yam no yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lub teeb ntawm digestibility. Xws li cov zaub mov rau yaj muaj ntau cov vitamins, carbohydrates, cov as-ham. Cov khoom noj succulent hauv qab no tau qhia rau hauv kev noj cov yaj ntawm cov liaj teb thiab hauv tsev:

  • silo;
  • cag qoob loo thiab tubers;
  • ntsuab nyom.

Ntau yam kawg nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov yog cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm cov yaj. Cov tsiaj no tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv feem ntau, ntawm chav kawm, los ntawm txoj kev grazing. Los ntawm cov hauv paus qoob loo thiab tubers, rams hauv cov liaj teb ntiag tug feem ntau muaj:

  • qos;
  • turnip;
  • carrot.

Nws kuj tseem ceeb heev uas muab cov tsiaj no pov tseg - txiav thiab tev cov cag qoob loo thiab zaub.

Compound pub rau yaj
Compound pub rau yaj

Silo, yog lo lus teb zoo heev rau lo lus nug ntawm dab tsipub cov rams, yog fermented ntsuab loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom noj succulent no yog nws pheej yig. Cultivated rau silage tau, piv txwv li, cov qoob loo xws li pob kws, lupine, sunflower. Lwm qhov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm silage yog nws lub txee ntev - 2-3 xyoos.

Roughage

Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, rams noj cov nyom ntsuab. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no, nws yog hloov nrog quav nyab thiab straw. Xws li hom pub yog hu ua ntxhib. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov zaub mov zoo li no rau cov yaj yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tias nws muaj ntau ntawm fiber ntau, proteins thiab vitamins. Rau kev pub yaj hauv tsev, nws kuj tseem siv tau rau kev siv cov khoom noj xws li vim tias, ntawm cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, nws tsuas yog me ntsis qis dua rau cov concentrates. Tib lub sijhawm, cov zaub mov no pheej yig dua.

hom roughage zoo tshaj plaws rau yaj yog, tau kawg, quav nyab. Ua liaj ua teb feem ntau sau nws ntawm lawv tus kheej. Kev tsim khoom ntawm yaj nyob rau lub caij ntuj no ntawm lub xyoo yog nyob ntawm seb yuav muab cov nyom zoo li cas rau cov tsiaj. Nyias rau yaj yuav tsum tau sau kom raug. Cov quav nyab muab rau cov tsiaj nyob rau lub caij ntuj no yuav tsum ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov ntsuab. Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob muab cov tsiaj ntub dej lossis cov khoom noj uas tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom no.

Cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov quav nyab yog sau los ntawm cov qoob loo. Ntau hom sedges, pos, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom noj no. Tau kawg, quav nyab rau yaj yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj tshuaj lom lossis tsis zoo.

Ntau yam ntawm hom noroughage ua nyom noj. Cov khoom no feem ntau yog ntxiv rau cov khoom noj sib xyaw kom txhim kho lawv cov vitamin muaj pes tsawg leeg.

Lo lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas pub cov yaj yog tias tsis muaj quav nyab txaus yog straw. Nws yog siv rau hauv cov liaj teb feem ntau tsuas yog thaum muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm lwm hom roughage. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm straw feem ntau suav hais tias yog cov ntsiab lus tsis muaj protein ntau. Vitamins nyob rau hauv hom zaub mov no yog kiag li tsis tuaj. Yaj raug tso cai pub cov quav cab los ntawm cov qoob loo caij nplooj ntoos hlav xwb.

Yos hav zoov
Yos hav zoov

Yuav ua li cas pub yaj ntawm ib lub teb: concentrates

Qhov zoo ntawm hom zaub mov no rau tsiaj yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, muaj nqi zog siab. Concentrates yog superior hauv kev noj haus rau lwm yam khoom noj uas siv rau yaj. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov zaub mov ntawm ntau yam no suav tias yog tus nqi siab.

Teb zoo rau cov lus nug txog dab tsi pub cov yaj tuaj yeem yuav luag txhua hom nplej. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov concentrate yog, tau kawg, nplej. Ntawm chav kawm, lawv muab yaj thiab bran, uas yog pov tseg ntawm hmoov milling. Nplej yog pub rau yaj feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm crushed grain.

Qee zaum, ntxiv rau cov nplej, yaj muaj cov khoom noj pheej yig dua - oats lossis buckwheat. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee zaum, barley yog yuav ntawm cov liaj teb rau cov tsiaj no. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom noj no tsis zoo rau cov nplej uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Barley, piv txwv li, tseem suav hais tias yog cov lus teb zoo tshaj plaws rau cov lus nug ntawm dab tsi yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws los pub luav ntawm Fabkis ram yug lossis lwm yam. Oats rauua liaj ua teb feem ntau muab rau nees. Yaj tau pub hom qoob no feem ntau tsuas yog ua ib feem ntawm kev sib xyaw nrog cov nplej lossis cov khoom sib xyaw. Oats kuj feem ntau suav nrog hauv cov khoom noj ntawm cov menyuam yaj.

Ib tug neeg ua liaj ua teb uas xav paub yuav ua li cas pub cov yaj rau fattening yuav tsum xav txog kev yuav cov taum kom txaus. Protein nyob rau hauv peas, lupine, thiab lwm yam. muaj yuav luag tib yam li cov nplej.

Yaj concentrates
Yaj concentrates

Txhua tus neeg ua liaj ua teb tshiab yuav tsum paub yuav ua li cas pub yaj tau zoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev, ntawm lwm yam, thaum yug me nyuam cov tsiaj yuav tsum tau xaiv high-zoo pub rau lawv. Lawv feem ntau yog hloov ntawm cov liaj teb nrog cov ntshiab concentrates.

hom zaub mov no rau yaj, txawm tias kim heev, muaj zog thiab sib npaug. Compound pub rau yaj, nrog rau lwm yam tsiaj ua liaj ua teb, yog npaj rau hauv tus account qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm GOST. Thaum npaj cov khoom sib tov, piv txwv li:

  • ntau hom cereals;
  • ib me ntsis bran;
  • peas;
  • meal;
  • pub poov xab;
  • tshuaj ntsuab hmoov;
  • skimmed milk;
  • ntsev;
  • crude protein;
  • premixes.

qauv coj mus muag yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev pub yaj, yaj thiab yaj. Tab sis nyob rau hauv homeseading xws likev sib tov yog feem ntau ua ntawm lawv tus kheej. Daim ntawv qhia zaub mov hauv tsev, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem ua raws li hauv qab no (hauv qhov piv ntawm qhov hnyav):

  • nqaij - 15 ntu;
  • pub barley - 10;
  • oats - 12;
  • cereal mix - 10;
  • bran - 20;
  • stalks thiab pob tawb ntawm sunflower crushed - 5;
  • ncuav mog qab zib thiab paj noob hlis - 7 txhua;
  • pob kws gluten thiab poov xab - 5 txhua;
  • chalk - 1.3;
  • ntsev - 0.7;
  • tricalcium phosphate - 1.6.

Compound feed npaj nyob rau hauv no zoo meej rau yaj noj rau nqaij. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tuaj yeem muab rau tsiaj ntawm yuav luag txhua lub hnub nyoog.

Yuav ua li cas pub yaj rau nqaij: noj tus nqi

Kev noj cov yaj, yog li ntawd, yuav tsum sib npaug li qhov ua tau. Cov qauv ntawm kev noj zaub mov rau cov tsiaj no feem ntau yog nyob ntawm seb hom tsiaj twg loj hlob ntawm lub teb. Yaj nce qhov hnyav sai dua thaum siv ntau cov concentrates thiab quav nyab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, succulent txau muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov ntaub plaub zoo.

Pob kws rau silage
Pob kws rau silage

Cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm cov zaub mov muab los ntawm yaj yog tam sim no txiav txim siab hauv tebchaws Russia feem ntau hauv oat feed units. Txhua hom zaub mov rau tsiaj muaj qee yam khoom muaj txiaj ntsig uas tsim nyog rau lub cev. Tus nqi noj rau rams yuav tsum suav nrog rau tus nqi uas lawv xav tau k. unit

Txhua yamzaub mov hauv liaj teb feem ntau tau los ntawm cov txiv neej tsim khoom thiab poj huab tais. Cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm yuav ua li cas pub yaj hauv tsev los ntawm pab pawg no yuav tsum yog cov khoom noj zoo tshaj plaws.

feem pua ntawm cov khoom noj rau cov sires thaum lub sij hawm lub rooj muag khoom, piv txwv li, feem ntau yog raws li hauv qab no:

  • coarse - 35-40%;
  • juicy - 20-25%;
  • xwb - 40-45%.

Nyob rau hauv kilograms, cov tsiaj txhu txhua hnub ntawm pab pawg no feem ntau qhia raws li hauv qab no:

  • hay - 1.5 kg;
  • silo - 2-2.5 kg;
  • concentrates - 0.6-0.8 kg.

Nyob hauv thawj hnub ntawm lub neej

Yog li ntawd, qhov zoo dua pub cov yaj, peb pom. Tab sis dab tsi yuav tsum noj ntawm cov tsiaj no, nyob ntawm seb muaj hnub nyoog?

Nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm lub neej, cov zaub mov tseem ceeb rau menyuam yaj yog colostrum. Cov khoom no tsis tsuas yog muaj cov khoom tsim nyog rau lub cev ntawm tus menyuam mos hauv qhov xav tau, tab sis kuj tseem pab txhawb kev tiv thaiv menyuam yaus.

Qee zaus thaum lub tsev menyuam tsis cia tus menyuam yaj nyob ze nws lossis nws tsis muaj mis nyuj. Hauv qhov no, tus menyuam tau muab tso rau ntawm lwm tus yaj uas nyuam qhuav nyuam qhuav pib. Thaum xub thawj, cov menyuam yaj yug tshiab nqus mis txhua 2 teev. Yog hais tias cov me nyuam mos tsis tawm leej niam thiab thov rau lub udder tas li, lawv yuav tsum tau pub. Yaj yuav muaj teeb meem lactation.

Siv pub rau menyuam yaj, feem ntau yog sov nyuj cov mis nyuj. Txhawm rau kom muaj txiaj ntsig kev noj zaub mov kom zoo thiab ua kom zoo tshaj qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws ntxivme me qe thiab ntses roj.

Cov khoom noj muaj kua mis yog muab rau cov menyuam yaj thawj zaug hauv lub lim tiam thib ob ntawm lub neej. Feem ntau, cov me nyuam tau muab tws beets thiab carrots. Cov txiv apples qhuav thiab lwm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj vitamin.

Tib lub hnub nyoog, cov concentrates tau maj mam nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom noj ntawm yaj. Feem ntau, thaum xub thawj, cov menyuam yaj tau muab dov oats tov nrog bran. Ib tug menyuam yaj hnub nyoog qis dua ib hlis feem ntau noj 50 g ntawm concentrates ib hnub.

Kev noj cov tsiaj me nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov

Tau ob lub hlis, cov menyuam yaj lub plab ua tiav nws txoj kev tsim. Tab sis cov me nyuam feem ntau yog weaned los ntawm lub tsev menyuam ntawm 2.5 lub hlis. Txawm li cas los xij, cov menyuam yaus yuav tsum nyob hauv tib tus cwj mem nrog yaj kom txog thaum muaj hnub nyoog tsis tshaj 4 lub hlis.

Koj tuaj yeem noj dab tsi tom qab hws? Thaum 2.5 lub hlis, cov yaj hluas feem ntau twb pauv mus rau cov neeg laus noj. Thaum lub sij hawm no, cov menyuam yaj yuav tsum tau txais ob qho tib si muaj kua thiab concentrated, thiab roughage. Thaum lub caij ntuj sov, cov tsiaj me, zoo li cov yaj laus, raug ntiab tawm mus rau tom teb. Xws li cov menyuam yaj yuav tsum tau txais txog li 3-4 kg ntawm cov nyom tshiab ib hnub. Lawv kuj yuav tsum tau muab 0.2-0.4 kg ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm concentrates. Nrog lub hnub nyoog, cov qauv ntawm cov nyom noj los ntawm lambs maj mam nce mus rau 6-7 kg. Txawm li cas los xij, cov zaub ntsuab tshiab hauv cov khoom noj ntawm cov yaj yuav tsum tsis pub tshaj 85%.

Pub me nyuam yaj
Pub me nyuam yaj

Yuav kom cov menyuam yaj nce qhov hnyav sai dua, cov nyom rau lawv yuav tsum tau xaiv nrog cov nyom zoo tshaj plaws thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov tsiaj yuav tsum tau muab ib qho me me ntawm cov concentrates, thiabkuj succulent feed.

Kev noj zaub mov thaum lub sijhawm muag khoom

Tau kawg, ntau tus neeg ua liaj ua teb kuj nyiam noj yaj yaj thaum lub caij ntuj no. Thaum lub sij hawm cov tsiaj hluas mus txog 8 lub hlis, lub sij hawm stalk feem ntau pib. Lub sijhawm no, cov yaj pib maj mam hloov ntawm nyom mus rau quav nyab.

Nyob rau lub sijhawm tom khw, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau txiav txim siab seb yuav pub dab tsi rau yaj. Cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ntawm cov tsiaj no nyob rau lub caij ntuj no yog ib yam zoo li no:

  • silo - 1-2 kg;
  • hay - 2 kg;
  • cag qoob loo - 2-4 kg;
  • concentrates - 200-500g

Lub sijhawm pub yaj yaj thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb xaiv feem ntau yog qhov no:

  • muag - hay;
  • at su - concentrates/compound feed;
  • hnub - silage/root crops;
  • hay yav tsaus ntuj.

Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau muab cov ntsev tso rau hauv cov khw muag tsiaj thaum lub caij ntuj no. Nws cov qauv yog 10-15 g ib hnub twg.

khoom noj zoo tshaj

Txhua yam khoom noj pub rau yaj yuav tsum raug xaiv kom zoo li sai tau. Hom qoob loo zoo tshaj plaws rau yaj, raws li twb tau hais lawm, yog suav tias yog cereal. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau yam zoo ntawm cov zaub mov no kuj yog:

  • alfalfa hay;
  • clover;
  • sainfoin.

Straw zoo tshaj rau cov tsiaj no yog legume. Tsis tas li ntawd, yaj feem ntau muab lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav oatmeal, barley thiab millet.

Los ntawm cov concentrates, ntxiv rau cov khoom noj sib xyaw,Rau cov menyuam yaj, kev sib xyaw ntawm legumes thiab nplej yog feem ntau siv hauv qhov sib piv ntawm 40x60. Silage rau cov tsiaj no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws pob kws. Los ntawm cov hauv paus qoob loo, feem ntau, yaj yog pub carrots, beets thiab taub dag.

Yuav tsis muab

Yog li ntawd, peb thiaj paub meej tias yaj noj dab tsi. Pub cov tsiaj no tsuas yog siv cov khoom zoo xwb. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev noj haus, yaj yog cov tsiaj unpretentious. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem tsis tau pom zoo kom muab qee hom pub rau MRS li. Koj muab tsis tau yaj, piv txwv li:

  • hay ntawm sours - sedge, nyias maj;
  • dense-stemmed thiab hav zoov quav nyab - horsetail, reeds;
  • qab zib beets (kom tiv thaiv ntshav qab zib).

Nws kuj tsis pom zoo muab qhob cij rau me nyuam yaj. Zaub rau yaj yog muab tso rau hauv feeders nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv daim ntawv txiav.

Tau kawg, tsis muaj teeb meem koj yuav tsum pub yaj nrog quav nyab lossis cov qoob loo cag. Tsis pub muab cov tsiaj no thiab cov khoom noj uas tau hloov xim lossis tsw.

Siv premixes

Ntau hom tshuaj ntxiv rau yaj tsis yog siv thaum lawv loj hlob ntawm cov khoom noj. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm xws li sib tov feem ntau twb pib muaj tag nrho cov khoom tsim nyog rau lub cev ntawm cov tsiaj. Txwv tsis pub, premixes yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov ntawm yaj. Kev siv cov additives no tso cai rau:

  • txo qis kev noj zaub mov ua liaj ua teb los ntawm 15%;
  • txhim kho tsiaj tiv thaiv;
  • txolub sij hawm fattening rau 3-4 lub lis piam.

Natural pasture selection

Cov nyom ntsuab noj los ntawm yaj, tau kawg, yuav tsum yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Pastures yog zoo heev rau cov tsiaj unpretentious:

  • steppe;
  • roob;
  • upland.

Yaj yuav xyaum tsis tau tsav tawm mus rau hav zoov thiab swampy pastures. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyom rau cov tsiaj no hlob nyob rau hauv steppe av ntawm hom no. Nws yog nyob rau hauv xws li qhov chaw uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws cereals thiab legumes loj hlob rau yaj. Steppe pastures tuaj yeem ua tau zoo los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav txog rau lub caij nplooj zeeg lig. Lawv qhov zoo kuj suav nrog ntau hom tshuaj ntsuab.

Yaj kuj tau raug ntiab tawm mus rau roob teb ntau zaus. Muaj ntau cov cereals thiab legumes loj hlob nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pastures ntawm no ntau yam nyob rau hauv feem ntau yog nyob rau ntawm ib sab ntawm cov dej ntws thiab ntws. Yog li ntawd, cov yaj kuj tau muab dej nyob ib sab ntawm qhov chaw pub mis.

Qub pastures yog nyob ze tus dej ntws. Lawv lub ntsiab kom zoo dua yog ntau hom tshuaj loj hlob uas zoo rau yaj.

Qee lub sij hawm cov nyuj no kuj raug coj tawm mus rau tom tiaj suab puam. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no feem ntau tsuas yog ua thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav thaum ntxov. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm pastures ntawm hom no yog qhov muaj ntau ntawm coarse-stalked grasses. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov tiaj nyom, yaj, hmoov tsis, feem ntau kis kab mob.

Tsiaj yaj nyob tom teb
Tsiaj yaj nyob tom teb

Qhia ua liaj ua teb rau yaj

Qee zaumNws tshwm sim hais tias tej yam ntuj tso pastures nyob ib sab ntawm lub teb tsis txaus los muab zaub mov txaus rau cov yaj. Hauv qhov no, tsis tas yuav txo cov yaj. Hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, feem ntau cov chaw cog qoob loo yog tsim nyob ze ntawm cov liaj teb.

Cov chaw zoo li no tuaj yeem tseb nrog cov nyom txhua xyoo thiab txhua xyoo. Nyob rau hauv Russia, clover feem ntau yog cog rau ntawm cov khoom vaj khoom tsev uas sib xyaw nrog cereals. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, alfalfa kuj siv tau rau kev tseb.

Tsav yaj mus rau thaj chaw qub tsuas yog tso cai rau huab cua zoo xwb. Tsis txhob ua qhov no tam sim tom qab los nag lossis yog tias muaj dej lwg ntawm cov nyom. Txwv tsis pub, yaj yuav kis tau tus kab mob tympanitis.

Pom zoo: