Consumer's corner: dab tsi yuav tsum yog thiab yuav ua li cas npaj nws kom raug?

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-17 18:53

Kev txais tos lossis chav pabcuam yog "lub ntsej muag" ntawm txhua lub lag luam. Ib qho tseem ceeb hauv nws yog ib qho chaw sawv nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev tiv thaiv cov cai ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Ib qho kev qhia thiab zoo nkauj tsim los ntawm Consumer Rights Corner tuaj yeem dhau los ua qhov chaw sib txuas lus nrog cov qhua. Tus thawj sawv ntsug yuav yog ib qho kev sib tw ntawm sab hauv thiab yuav pab qhia txog lub koom haum duab. Thaum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv rau "Kab" nws yog ib txwm tsim nyog los tso siab rau cov cai uas twb muaj lawm. Dab tsi yuav tsum yog tus neeg siv khoom lub ces kaum thaum ua raws li kev cai lij choj?

Txoj Cai Lij Choj rau Cov Neeg Siv Khoom

Lub hauv paus kev cai lij choj rau kev tsim cov sawv cev yog Txoj Cai ntawm Lavxias Federation "Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom" (Tshooj 8-10) thiab Cov Cai rau Kev Muag Khoom ntawm qee yam khoom (clause 10).

Lub chaw muag khoom "Consumer's Corner" raug tshem tawm ntawm nws lub npe, vim nws cov lus tsis tau muab rau hauv txoj cai. Tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua thiab cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm rau nws tau qhia.

Kev lag luam uas muaj nyob rau hauv ib lub koom haum thiab cov ntaub ntawv raug cai, tsim khoom, xa khoom lossis muab kev pabcuam, yuav tsum tau uamuab lub sijhawm rau cov neeg siv khoom nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv lub lag luam, txog hom kev ua haujlwm, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kev pabcuam.

Txoj cai ntawm tus neeg siv khoom kom paub txog cov ntaub ntawv txhim khu kev qha no tau teev nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm 8 ntawm txoj cai. Nws yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg siv khoom sawv hauv qhov chaw pom tseeb thiab nkag tau yooj yim. Yog li ntawd, lub ces kaum yuav tsum tau dai kom tau dai kom tau cov neeg tuaj xyuas nws tuaj yeem hloov mus rau nws thiab kawm nws.

Raws li txoj cai, tus neeg siv khoom yuav tsum xa cov ntaub ntawv xws li:

• kev tso npe ua haujlwm ntawm daim ntawv uas tsim khoom, muag khoom lossis ua haujlwm;
• registrar;
• daim ntawv tso cai thiab kev lees paub rau qee thaj chaw ntawm kev ua ub no.

Txhua cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj nyob hauv Txoj Cai rau kev muag khoom ntawm qee yam khoom. Cov ntawv nrog lawv kuj muab tso rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sawv ntsug. Cov neeg ua lag luam uas ua txhaum txoj cai yuav raug txim, raws li Art. 14.5 ntawm Txoj Cai Tswjfwm.

Cov ntaub ntawv xav tau rau "Consumer Corner"

Ntau cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau npaj rau cov neeg siv khoom sawv cev.

1. Certificate of state register (cov ntawv pov thawj).
2. Daim ntawv tso cai - nyob ntawm hom kev ua ub no tau xaiv (daim ntawv pov thawj).
3. Daim npe ntawm txhua lub tuam tsev thiab lub cev (nrog chaw nyob thiab tus lej xov tooj) uas ua haujlwm tswj hwm, thiab daim ntawv teev npe nrog cov cim ntawm lub cev.
4. Txoj Cai ntawm Lavxias Federation "Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom". Inspectors feem ntau cojluam tawm. Kev luam tawm ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hauv Is Taws Nem tsis suav tias yog qhov chaw ntseeg tau.
5. Txoj Cai rau kev muag khoom ntawm qee yam khoom lossis Txoj Cai rau kev pabcuam catering (qhov kev xaiv yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov kev lag luam).
6. Phau ntawv tshuaj xyuas. Feem ntau, nws dai ntawm ib qho chaw muag khoom hauv hnab tshos kom nyob twj ywm dawb rau cov neeg siv khoom. Phau ntawv no tsis yog los ntawm nws qhov yuav tsum tau ua, raws li nws tau muab tom qab tus neeg siv khoom tau thov nws (qib 8 ntawm Txoj Cai Muag Khoom).

Txoj Cai "Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom" hais tias cov neeg muag khoom (cov chaw tsim khoom lossis cov neeg ua yeeb yam) qhia cov neeg siv khoom txog lub npe ntawm lub tuam txhab, nws qhov chaw nyob thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm nrog kev pab los ntawm kos npe. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib tus neeg ua lag luam muab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xeev cov ntawv sau npe thiab lub chaw haujlwm uas tau ua tiav. Lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm uas cov neeg ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua raws li ib txwm muaj nyob rau ntawm lub kos npe thiab sawv.

Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau lub rooj muag zaub

Qhov muaj tsis yog cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau ua xwb, tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev muab kev pabcuam thiab kev muag khoom rau cov pejxeem. Cov npe ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tsis raug cai los ntawm txoj cai, tab sis Rospotrebnadzor xyuas lawv.

Daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv rau cov neeg siv khoom lub rooj muag khoom:

• Txoj kev npaj khiav tawm thiab cov lus qhia kev nyab xeeb hluav taws.
• SanPiNs (tsim raws li cov qauv sib cais rau kev noj zaub mov thiab kev lag luam zaub mov).
• Txoj cai rau kev siv cov kev pabcuam tus kheej (siv los ntawm cov lag luam hauv cheeb tsam no) thiab daim ntawv teev nqimuaj kev pab.
• Cov txiaj ntsig kev cai lij choj thiab cov xwm txheej rau kev pabcuam qee pawg ntawm cov pejxeem.
• Cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog kev muag khoom ntawm qee yam khoom. Piv txwv li, kev txwv thiab kev lav phib xaub rau kev muag cawv thiab luam yeeb rau menyuam yaus.

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb xws li xov tooj rau cov neeg siv khoom lub ces kaum suav nrog cov xov tooj rau cov kev pabcuam thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev (Tsoomfwv Saib Xyuas Xwm Ceev thiab lwm yam), cov chaw tswj xyuas cov neeg muag khoom, thiab cov kev pabcuam uas cov neeg siv khoom tuaj yeem yws. Qhov chaw nyob thiab tus xov tooj ntawm lub tuam tsev tiv thaiv neeg siv khoom hauv zos yog xav tau.

Nrog lub ntim loj ntawm qhov muag, koj tuaj yeem txuas ntxiv dai cov qauv rau kev khaws cov khoom noj, raws li kev cai huv. Qee lub sij hawm nws yuav tsum tau ua qauv qhia rau tus neeg siv khoom lwm cov ntaub ntawv, cov cai muaj txiaj ntsig.

Kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lub kaum ib tus kheej rau txhua lub lag luam. Txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm dictates nws tus kheej tej yam kev mob. Lub tsev kho kom zoo nkauj, lub khw txiav plaub hau xav tau cov qauv kev huv huv thiab cov cai rau kev tso cov khoom siv hauv chav. Kev ua lag luam Commission tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev cai tsim nyog. Cov tsev muag tshuaj xav tau cov cai tswj kev xa cov tshuaj tseem ceeb.

Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas rau "Consumer's Corner"

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg siv khoom sawv cev yog saib xyuas los ntawm Rospotrebnadzor. Yog tias pom muaj kev ua txhaum cai thaum lub sijhawm ua pov thawj, kev nplua rau kev tswj hwm thiab kev nplua yuav raug nplua rau lub koom haum: rau tus neeg ua lag luam - txog li 3 txhiab rubles, thiab rau ib lub koom haum raug cai - txog 30 txhiab. Kev rov qab tuaj yeem rov hais dua hauv tsev hais plaub, tab sis nws yooj yim dua los npaj tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ib zaug raws li cov cai.

Lub chaw tiv thaiv neeg siv khoom yog qhov khoom ntawm cov neeg saib xyuas hauv zos thiab cov chaw haujlwm. Cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj xws li cov cai hauv zos.

Daim ntawv pov thawj, daim ntawv tso cai thiab daim ntawv pov thawj

Txhua cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm kev ua ub no ntawm cov neeg muag khoom (cov thawj coj, cov tuam txhab), kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg siv khoom, tau muab tso rau ntawm "Consumer's Corner" sawv. Yuav ua li cas rau nws kom paub meej tias tsoomfwv tswj hwm?

pov thawj	Ib daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm lub xeev kev sau npe ntawm lub tuam txhab, uas tau hais hauv txoj cai lij choj (thawj kab lus ntawm Tshooj 9 ntawm Txoj Cai "Rau Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Neeg Siv Khoom").
	Daim ntawv sau npe se.
	Daim ntawv pov thawj lees paub (tus naj npawb, lub sijhawm siv tau thiab lub koomhaum uas muab nws).
	Cov koom haum ua lag luam muab ib daim qauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus rau hauv lub koom haum hauv cov npe lag luam. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov tub ceev xwm ntawm lub koom haum ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation thiab yog tswj los ntawm txoj cai lij choj "Nyob rau hauv lub Fundamentals ntawm lub xeev txoj cai ntawm kev ua lag luam nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab Federation". Cov ntawv sau npe muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev lag luam hauv cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam thiab cov lag luam koom nrog kev muag khoom thiab kev xa khoom ntawm txhua yam khoom. Cov neeg tsim khoom tsis suav nrog.
Daim ntawv tso cai	Ib lub lag luam koom nrog thaj chaw muaj ntawv tso cai ntawm kev ua si yuav tsum tau tso cai. Raws li txoj caiTus neeg siv khoom muaj cai pom daim ntawv tso cai thiab nrhiav seb leej twg muab nws, rau lub sijhawm twg thiab nyob rau hauv tus lej twg.
Certificate and declarations	Daim ntawv pov thawj thiab cov lus tshaj tawm qhia txog kev ua raws li cov kev pabcuam tau muab thiab ua haujlwm nrog cov qauv uas twb muaj lawm (daim ntawv naj npawb, lub sijhawm siv tau, lub koomhaum uas lees txais lossis sau npe).

Daim ntawv teev cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum tau muab rau ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov (cov neeg siv khoom sawv ntsug) thiab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov chaw ua yeeb yam ib ntus, hawkers, muag khoom los ntawm kiosks, tsev pheeb suab lossis ntawm qhov chaw pabcuam.

npe khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv kev lag luam kev pabcuam

Raws li cov cai rau kev pabcuam hauv kev pabcuam rau cov neeg siv khoom, tus neeg cog lus yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog cov kev pabcuam rau cov neeg siv khoom. Nws feem ntau yog dai ntawm kaum ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Dab tsi yuav tsum muaj rau pej xeem tshuaj xyuas ib txwm muaj?

1. Assortment ntawm cov kev pabcuam, ua haujlwm ua ke nrog cov qauv ntawm lawv qhov kev siv. Daim ntawv them nqi, tus nqi ntawm cov kev pabcuam thiab cov ntaub ntawv xav tau.
2. Qhia rau cov qauv rau kev muab kev pabcuam thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev ua haujlwm.
3. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab lub sijhawm lav.
4. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tus kws tshaj lij ua haujlwm.
5. Cov qauv ntawm daim ntawv cog lus, daim ntawv txais nyiaj thiab ntau yam ntaub ntawv muab rau tus neeg siv khoom.
6. Cov qauv thiab cov ntawv xov xwm nrog cov qauv pom.

"Kev tsis txaus siab" phau ntawv

Tus tsim ntawm tus neeg siv khoom lub kaum yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog yam tsis muaj phau ntawv qhua. Rau cov koom haum uas nws lub luag haujlwm yog los muab nws,xa mus rau:

• pharmacy;
• kev;
• kev lag luam lag luam rau kev muag khoom ntawm qee yam khoom;
• Cov khw muag khoom me me;
• tsev pabcuam hauv tsev;
• kev lag luam rau kev kho thiab tu tsheb, tsheb.

Phau ntawv "tsis txaus siab", raws li txoj cai, muab tso rau hauv qhov pom tseeb, muaj thiab nthuav tawm rau tus neeg siv khoom sai li sai tau thaum nws thov. Nws tau sau npe nrog lub tuam tsev hauv cheeb tsam uas tswj hwm kev lag luam thiab kev noj zaub mov rau pej xeem. Ua raws li "Cov lus qhia ntawm phau ntawv tsis txaus siab".

Lub xub ntiag ntawm phau ntawv raug kuaj xyuas hauv txhua lub pavilions, khw, tsev pheeb suab, nrog rau cov ces kaum ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Dab tsi yuav tsum tau npaj hauv khw rau tus qhua uas xav siv nws txoj cai los yws? Tau kawg, lub rooj zaum thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub rooj sau ua tsaug, thov lossis tsis txaus siab.

txwv tsis pub nug tus neeg siv khoom uas xav tawm mus saib xyuas phau ntawv hla tebchaws thiab cov ntaub ntawv, nug txog vim li cas nws thiaj nug phau ntawv, vim li cas nws thiaj sau ntawv tsis txaus siab.

Cov ntaub ntawv

Txoj kev xav tau rau cov neeg siv khoom lub ces kaum muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog lub neej ntawm lub cav los sau cov tshev. Nws tsis tas yuav dai nws ntawm qhov muag, tab sis tsuas yog kom muaj nws hauv Tshuag. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov tswj lub cev tawm hauv nws lub cim rau ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tau ua. Nws tau qhia tias leej twg ua qhov kev tshwm sim, hnub tim, lub sijhawm, vim li cas rau kev tshuaj xyuas, nws cov ntsiab lus thiab cov dej num, cov ntawv sau tseg ntawm kev ua txhaum cai pom, cov txheej txheem kos duab thiab cov lus qhia tawm. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj ib phau ntawv journal, ib qho kev ua yog kos. Kev tswj xyuas yog tswj los ntawm ib qho tshwj xeebtxoj cai.

Cov neeg xa dej cawv yuav tsum muaj li cas hauv cov neeg yuav khoom?

Ntau lub lag luam muag cov khoom cawv. Cov ntaub ntawv dab tsi yuav tsum tau npaj los muab rau tus neeg siv khoom txaus siab? Yuav muab dab tsi rau ntawm lub rooj muag zaub?

Nyob rau hauv cov neeg siv khoom ces kaum, koj yuav tsum tau dai ib qho excerpt los ntawm tshooj 19 ntawm "Txoj Cai Kev Muag Khoom ntawm qee yam khoom." Raws li cov cai no, kev tswj hwm ntawm lub koom haum yuav tsum tau muab cov ntaub ntawv pom thiab siv tau rau tus neeg siv: daim ntawv teev nqi, cov khoom siv, cov sij hawm muag cawv.

Nws raug sau tseg tias tus neeg muag khoom npaj thiab muab cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no ntawm thawj qhov kev thov ntawm cov neeg siv khoom:

• Cov ntaub ntawv lees paub tias tus neeg muag khoom lossis cov chaw tsim khoom tau dhau daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm cov khoom.
• Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xeev cov qauv rau cov khoom cawv.
• Cov ntaub ntawv tsim tawm: lub teb chaws tsim khoom, lub npe tuam txhab, chaw nyob raws cai, hnub tim thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub raj mis.
• Nqi rau cov khoom (npe, nqi).
• Tus nqi noj haus thiab ntim hauv ntim.
• Tshuaj contraindications rau haus cawv.
• Kev sib xyaw thiab cov khoom xyaw ntawm cov khoom, cov khoom siv ntxiv.
• Qhia txog GMO cov khoom xyaw lossis ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau kev noj qab haus huv.

Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv yog ua raws li cov kev cai tsim thiab cov qauv txheej txheem.

Lub rooj muag khoom Consumer Corner zoo li cas?

Lub kaum sab xis zoo li casneeg siv khoom? Tsis muaj kev txwv nruj. Tsis muaj kev cai rau qhov tsos, qhov chaw sawv ntsug.

Txoj cai tseem ceeb yog kev pom, kev nkag tau rau cov neeg tuaj saib thiab nthuav tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev thov. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los muab cov kev mob zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom los ntawm nws tus kheej los kawm cov ntaub ntawv.

Yuav ua li cas los tsim lub kaum tsev neeg siv khoom? Cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem cim tau yooj yim ntawm qhov muag lossis hauv cov folders, ntawm cov txee, hauv txhua daim ntawv yooj yim rau cov neeg siv khoom. Tab sis lub iav insulated iav tsis haum rau cov laj thawj no, vim nws cuam tshuam nrog qhov tseem ceeb - kev nkag mus tau.

Ib qho kev xaiv nrov yog sawv ntsug nrog cov ntaub ntawv hauv lub hnab pob tshab. Qee zaum cov folders me tau kho rau ntawm nws. Yog tias cov ntaub ntawv raug muab tso rau hauv ib daim ntawv tais ceev tseg, ces cov ntawv sau "Cov ntaub ntawv rau cov neeg siv khoom" yuav tsum tau ua rau ntawm daim nplaub tshev. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los khaws cia rau pej xeem, hauv pej xeem sau.

Cov ntaub ntawv hloov tshiab yog ib txwm tseem ceeb rau cov neeg siv khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv neeg siv khoom yuav tsum tau hloov kho vim nws dhau los lawm.

Npaj cov neeg siv khoom noj khoom haus (piv txwv lub rooj muag khoom) tuaj yeem pom nyob hauv ntau lub tuam txhab tshaj tawm thiab tsim khoom hauv ntau lub qauv. Ua ntej tsim khoom lossis xaj khoom muag, nws yuav tsum tau sau ib pob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tso rau ntawm nws thiab txiav txim siab qhov loj thiab tus naj npawb ntawm hnab ris.

Yog li, qhov tsis muaj cov qauv thiab ntau yam kev xaiv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo nkauj thiab nthuav "Consumer's Corner". Yuav ua li cas yuav tsum nyob rau hauv xws li ib tug sawv? Cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm cov haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum,Kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg siv khoom thiab cov luag haujlwm ntawm tus muag khoom (tus thawj coj, chaw tsim khoom).