Soviet paub txog tus kheej-propelled artillery installation 2A3 "Condenser"

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Cov phom uas muaj zog tshaj plaws ntawm tus kheej 2A3 "Condenser" tau pib tsim xyoo 1954. Cov riam phom tau npaj los tshem tawm cov tub rog loj thiab cov phiaj xwm kev lag luam nyob rau ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thaj chaw. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub complex tau suav nrog kev siv cov pa thiab cov nqi nuclear. Lub undercarriage ntawm rab phom nrog yim recoils yog ua raws li T-10 M tank. Lub zog cog kuj tau txais los ntawm cov txheej txheem no, xyaum tsis hloov, nrog kev hloov kho me me.

Tsim & Txhim Kho

Kev taw qhia thiab kev them nyiaj, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm viav vias ntawm ACS 2A3 "Condenser" tau tsim nyob rau hauv kev taw qhia ntawm tus tsim qauv I. Ivanov. Tom qab kev sim, lub kaw lus tau muab tso rau kev ua haujlwm Performance index CM-54. Lub aiming ntawm rab phom horizontally tau ua los ntawm kev tig tag nrho nws tus kheej-propelled chav tsev, qhov tseeb ntawm qhov pom tau ua kom ntseeg tau los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb los ntawm lub tshuab tig. Kev ua haujlwm siab tau raug kho nrog cov cuab yeej nqa hydraulic. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile yog 570 kg, thiab qhov ntau ntawm qhov projectile yog 25.6 km.

Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb

Muab rau lub sijhawm ntawdtsis muaj lub chassis tsim nyog rau kev thauj cov riam phom hnyav hnyav hauv USSR, cov neeg tsim qauv tsim thiab tsim yim-cov menyuam chassis raws li T-10M hnyav tank, siv cov khoom siv thiab cov khoom zoo dua qub (khoom No. 271). Cov neeg tsim khoom tau them nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev them nyiaj rau qhov tseem ceeb rov qab thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm. Cov txiaj ntsig chassis tau nruab nrog qis sloths thiab hydraulic shock absorbers. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau tsom mus rau maximizing recoil leveling. Lub cav-lub zog chav tsev rau cov cuab yeej hauv nqe lus nug tau qiv los ntawm T-10, tsuas yog ua ob peb qhov kev txhim kho rau nws.

Tests

Xyoo 1955, ntawm tsob ntoo naj npawb 221, ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub tsheb sib tw 2A3 "Condenser" (406 mm) tau ua tiav. Qhov kev sim ntawm lub ballistic hom SM-E124 tau sim rau kev ua siab ntev ntawm cov nqi siv. Lub artillery ib feem ntawm rab phom tau tag nrho nruab rau thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov ntawm tib lub xyoo. Kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub chassis los ntawm cov tuam txhab Kirov tau ua tiav kom txog rau thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1956.

Kev ntsuas tag nrho ntawm 2A3 rab phom tus kheej tau ua los ntawm 1957 txog 1959. Kev sim tau ua nyob rau hauv Central tub rog kev cob qhia hauv av, tsis deb ntawm Leningrad ("Rzhevsky chaw cob qhia"). Cov kev tawm dag zog tau ua ke nrog kev sim ntawm Oka tus kheej-propelled mortar (420 mm). Ntau tus kws tshaj lij tsis paub meej tias rab phom tshiab yuav muaj peev xwm muaj sia nyob ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm lub hwj chim yam tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, Capacitor tau raug kuaj tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm mais thiab txhaj tshuaj.

NyobThawj theem ntawm ACS muaj ntau yam teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam kev puas tsuaj. Piv txwv li, thaum lub sij hawm salvo los ntawm SM-54 cannon, raws li tus kheej-propelled phom, cov cuab yeej dov rov qab ob peb meters, txawm lub fact tias nws yog "shod" nyob rau hauv caterpillars. Thawj firings nrog lub community launch ntawm tsub nqi nrog imitation ntawm nuclear riam phom ua rau lub deformation ntawm sloths, uas tsis muaj peev xwm tiv taus qhov tseem ceeb recoil ntawm rab phom. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj cov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom siv tsis ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev so hauv cov fasteners ntawm lub thawv kis.

Ntse

Tom qab ua kom txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm 2A3 "Condenser" system, cov neeg tsim qauv ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov khoom siv, txheeb xyuas cov khoom tsis muaj zog thiab cov nodes. Tom qab ntawd lawv tsim cov kev daws teeb meem los daws cov teeb meem uas twb muaj lawm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov txheej txheem hauv nqe lus nug tau dhau los ua ntau yam kev txhim kho uas ua rau kom muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siv tau ntawm cov cuab yeej. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua tsawg, cov phom tus kheej tau ua rau pom tus nqi qis ntawm maneuverability thiab maneuverability. Txhua qhov kev sim ntsuas qhov tsis zoo ntawm thev naus laus zis tsis tau txais txiaj ntsig ntau.

Yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem them rov qab rau rab phom rov qab, uas nws dov rov qab ob peb meters. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm angular sib txawv, kab rov tav kev taw qhia kuj tsis impressive. Nws yog tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov loj ntawm ntau tshaj 60 tons thiab qhov ntev ntawm rab phom 20 meters tsis pab rau kev npaj ua hauj lwm ntawm lub self-propelled unit nyob rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus sib tua txoj hauj lwm nrog lub siab tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau. Qhov muab qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog aiming, tab sis kujheev raug kev npaj ntawm siv artillery txoj hauj lwm. Nws tuaj yeem them tus phom nkaus xwb nyob rau hauv txoj kab rov tav, siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb.

Soviet sim nws tus kheej-propelled artillery mount

Feem ntau, 4 cov qauv ntawm kev hloov kho 2A3 "Condenser" tau ua. Tag nrho cov ntawv luam tau nthuav tawm hauv xyoo 1957 thaum lub sijhawm ua yeeb yam ntawm Red Square. Txawm hais tias lub complex muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm shortcomings, raws li zoo raws li tsis ntseeg hais txog lawv siv los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov tub rog neeg sau xov xwm thiab cov kws tshwj xeeb, lub installation yuav zoo siv nyob rau hauv ib tug sib ntaus sib tua teeb meem.

Vim qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm thiab kev txav mus los, nrog rau qhov tsis muaj kev sib tw siab heev, piv rau cov khoom siv Luna, cov cuab yeej tshiab tsis tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam.

Analogue

Armament 2A3 "Condenser" thaum lub sijhawm ua qauv qhia tsis tau ua kom muaj kev sib tw zoo li nws cov neeg sib tw - tus kheej-propelled mortar hom "Oka 21B" ("Transformer"). Tus dab no txawm tswj tau muab sau rau ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm thoob ntiaj teb.

Txoj haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov tshuaj tua kab mob zoo li no tau ua nyob rau tib lub sijhawm nrog kev txhim kho ntawm "Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob". B. Shavyrin tau los ua tus tsim qauv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov riam phom hauv nqe lus nug. Kev txhim kho ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hnyav hnyav tau pib tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1955, nws tau ua los ntawm cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv nto moo tshaj plaws hauv Soviet. Piv txwv li, rau cov khoom siv artillery, Kolomna tub rog chaw ua haujlwm yog lub luag haujlwm, thiab hais txog kev taug qab nws tus kheej. Chassis - Kirov cog tshwj xeeb hauv Leningrad. Ib lub thoob muaj zog thiab tuag taus raug tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag Barrikady. Qhov ntev ntawm rab phom yog yuav luag 20 meters. Thawj "Transformer" tau npaj rau xyoo 1957, ua haujlwm ntawm nws txoj kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv mus txog xyoo 1960, tom qab ntawd lawv tau raug tso tseg (los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Pawg Thawj Kav Tebchaws ntawm Soviet Union). Qee qhov xwm txheej, raws li qee qhov chaw, qhov kev txhim kho no tau ua raws li cov lus qhia tsis tseeb txog cov hom phiaj tseeb tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab ntawm thaj chaw muaj peev xwm.

2A3 phom: piav qhia

Cov riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm txoj hauv kev xav tau yog lub pob zeb du nrog lub caliber ntawm 420 millimeters thiab ntev ntawm 47.5 caliber units. Cov mines tau ntim los ntawm kev ntxig cov mos txwv rau hauv lub thoob siv lub crane, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thiab kev txav mus los ntawm qhov xwm txheej.

Tus nqi hluav taws ntawm lub mortar no yog ib qho txhaj tshuaj hauv tsib feeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nyuaj hauv kev txiav txim siab tuaj yeem sib sau ua ke nrog ib tus nqi nuclear, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev tawm tsam tawm tsam txhua hom phiaj. Kev puas tsuaj ntau - 47 km.

Hauv kev taw qhia ntsug, lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov pom yog los ntawm 50 mus rau 75 degrees, thiab nyob rau hauv txoj kev ntsug, lub thoob tuaj yeem txav tau los ntawm hydraulic system hauv ob theem: kev teeb tsa dav dav ntawm kev teeb tsa thiab meej lub hom phiaj ntawm phiaj siv hluav taws xob actuator.

Result

Feem ntau, ntawm Kirov Combine hauv Leningrad muaj4 mortars "Oka" ntawm tus kheej-propelled hom tau sib sau ua ke. Lawv tau nthuav tawm ntawm kev ua tub rog, qhov chaw uas muaj ntau tus kws tshaj lij thiab cov neeg sau xov xwm txawv teb chaws tau hais tias cov riam phom uas nthuav tawm no yog ib qho kev hem thawj ntau dua li kev tua hluav taws hauv lub neej tiag tiag.