Pob kws silage: cultivation, harvesting and storage technology
Pob kws silage: cultivation, harvesting and storage technology

Video: Pob kws silage: cultivation, harvesting and storage technology

Video: Pob kws silage: cultivation, harvesting and storage technology
Video: yuav tau tsim kho tus kheej lub neej thiaj yuav vam meej tau 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Tej zaum ntau tus nyeem tau hnov txog silage. Cov neeg feem coob txawm paub tias pob kws silage yog ib qho khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov as-ham, proteins thiab vitamins, ua rau nws xaiv zoo rau kev pub nyuj, luav, piglets, qaib thiab ntau lwm yam tsiaj thiab noog. Tias yog vim li cas nws yuav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los qhia ntxiv txog cov txheej txheem kom tau txais silage - los ntawm cog pob kws mus rau sau.

Silage txiaj ntsig

Ua ntej hais txog kev sau qoob loo rau fodder, nws tsim nyog piav qhia luv luv txog nws qhov zoo li cas. Lawv muaj ntau heev.

zoo silo
zoo silo

Pib nrog, silage muaj ntau cov amino acids thiab vitamin C. Nws kuj muaj cov organic fats thiab carbohydrates - yooj yim digestible thiab yog li tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb. Pob kws yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, uas ua rau kom qhov hnyav nce sai. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov piam thaj ntau ntau ua rau cov nyuj tawm los ntawm nyuj.

Thaum sib xyaw nrog lwm cov khoom noj xws li quav nyab, silage txhim kho lawv txoj kev zom zaub mov. Qhov no ntxiv qhov txo qis hauv kev noj zaub mov, muab kev txiav txim siab ntaukev txuag.

Thaum kawg, cov khoom noj ntub dej txhim kho kev zom zaub mov hauv herbivores. Nrog kev noj zaub mov tas li ntawm quav nyab ib leeg, nyuj yuav muaj teeb meem nrog quav. Kev siv silage tsis tu ncua daws qhov teeb meem no.

pob kws technology

Nws yuav zoo li tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi cov qoob loo no cog rau - txhawm rau kom tau cov pob kws zoo, lossis ua rau silage. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev cog qoob loo thiab lawv pom tau zoo heev. Yam tsawg kawg ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv thawj rooj plaub lub hom phiaj tsuas yog grain, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm as-ham thiab noo noo nyob rau hauv lub stems thiab nplooj yog tsis tseem ceeb. Thiab nyob rau hauv rooj plaub thib ob, tsuas yog cov nplej tsis tseem ceeb kiag li. Tab sis cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntsuab yog lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb. Yog li ntawd, xaiv qhov kev loj hlob zoo kom tsis txhob poob siab rau qhov tshwm sim.

Piv txwv li, tseb pob kws rau silage pib thaum cov av sov txog +8… +12 degrees Celsius. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov tob yog 8 centimeters. Qhov ntom ntawm cov qoob loo nyob ntawm qhov fertility ntawm cov av, nws cov dej noo thiab ntau yam ntawm pob kws. Yog tias cov xwm txheej tsis zoo, ces thaj tsam sown yog nce los ntawm 10% ntawm qhov tau npaj tseg txhawm rau txhawm rau them nyiaj rau qhov poob tau.

Kev siv tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab hauv thaj teb ntawm pob kws, uas yuav siv los ua silage, pom zoo kom txo qis kom tsawg. Tom qab tag nrho, tag nrho cov ntsuab loj yuav mus noj - ib tug abundance ntawm tshuaj lom yuav ua rau lub fact tias cov tsiaj uas noj zaub mov yuav tau txais ib tug loj mob rau kev noj qab haus huv. Yog, thiab nqaij, mis nyuj tau los ntawm nyuj thiab lwm yam tsiaj sawv cev rau lub peev xwmtxaus ntshai.

pob kws

Nyob hauv peb lub sijhawm, feem ntau yog siv rau kev sau qoob pob kws - cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb tau nruab rau ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke. Cov qauv tshwj xeeb tso cai rau koj los txiav cov stems ntawm lub hauv paus heev, uas txo qhov poob hauv cov zaub ntsuab. Cov headers kuj ua tib zoo tsoo cov stems thiab nplooj, tig lawv mus rau hauv ib qho yuav luag homogeneous pawg.

Pob kws sau qoob
Pob kws sau qoob

Txawm li cas los xij, tseem muaj cov kev cai agrotechnical rau kev sau qoob loo rau silage. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xaiv lub sij hawm tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau qhov no kom tau txais cov khoom noj zoo tiag tiag.

Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom sau cov pob kws rau silage thaum nws nce mus txog milky waxy boldness. Nws yuav siv li 40-50 hnub txij li thaum sowing mus rau sau, nyob ntawm seb lub hnub thiab tshav kub nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov nruab nrab noo noo cov ntsiab lus ntawm pawg (stems, nplooj, cobs) nce mus txog 60-70%. Qhov ntsuas no suav hais tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, txij li nrog nws cov txheej txheem fermentation yog nquag nquag, ua kom cov khoom zoo silage. Yog tias koj hla lub sijhawm no, ces qhov zoo ntawm silage yog txo, raws li tus nqi ntawm noo noo txo. Tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob maj los yog - qhov no, tus nqi ntawm raw cov ntaub ntawv rau kev npaj silage yog txo. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cob muaj ntau cov suab thaj, uas ua rau cov tsos ntawm cov kab mob loj heev uas txo cov khoom noj kom zoo.

Yog tias huab cua txias thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, koj yuav tsum ua sai sai. Pob kws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm tsis pub dhau plaub hnub tom qab Frost. Yog, nws muaj peev xwm hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv raw yuav tsawg duanpaj los ntawm tus tswv. Tab sis yog tias qhov no tsis ua tiav, ces cov stems yuav pib rot los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, nplooj yuav tig daj thiab pib qhuav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, txawm tias me ntsis tuaj yeem cawm tau.

Recycling ntawm raw khoom

Raws li tau hais los saum toj no, niaj hnub headers tso cai rau koj tam sim ntawd sau cov pob kws ntsuab, ib txhij sib tsoo thiab nchuav cov khoom nyoos tiav rau hauv qab ntawm lub tsheb thauj khoom mus rau qhov sib xyaw ua ke. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog txhua tsev neeg muaj cov khoom siv zoo li no, yog li feem ntau yuav tsum tau nrhiav lwm txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm.

Silage harvesters
Silage harvesters

Tus nqi pheej yig thiab siv tau zoo tuaj yeem yog lub tsheb laij teb taug kev nrog cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txiav cov ceg ntoo thiab nplooj ntoo. Rau kev lag luam ntiag tug, cov cuab yeej zoo li no yuav txaus txaus.

Cov lus nug tseem nyob - qhov loj npaum li cas ntawm cov feem tiav. Cov neeg ua liaj ua teb feem ntau pom tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los xaiv qhov loj me ntawm 10-20 millimeters. Qhov no ua kom cov khoom sib txuam thiab ua kom zoo fermentation.

Tab sis yog tias koj ua haujlwm nrog nyuj, nws tsim nyog xaiv qhov loj dua - nyuj nyiam muaj peev xwm zom zaub mov, tsis nqos. Rau luav, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib feem me me kom lawv yooj yim zom zaub mov. Qhov me tshaj plaws, yuav luag plua plav, haum rau ntau yam noog - los ntawm geese thiab qaib mus rau qaib ntxhw thiab guinea fowls.

Tam sim no mus ncaj qha rau cov txheej txheem ua noj pob kws silage. Nov yog theem tseem ceeb thiab muaj lub luag haujlwm.

Qhov tseeb, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm no tsuas yog ua kom tsis muaj oxygennyob rau hauv tag nrho nrog ib tug siab ceev ntawm tag nrho cov loj - txwv tsis pub nws yuav tsis muaj peev xwm pib lub fermentation txheej txheem. Yog li ntawd, rau lub hom phiaj no, ntau txoj kev ntawm ensiling yog siv - peb yuav tham txog lawv nyob rau hauv ntau nthuav dav me ntsis ntxiv.

Cia hauv trenches

Qhov kev xaiv yooj yim tshaj plaws, ua pov thawj ntau xyoo dhau los, uas tso cai rau koj los sau cov silage loj heev - trench.

Pob kws raw khoom
Pob kws raw khoom

Nws tau nquag siv nyob rau hauv USSR, qhov twg yuav luag txhua txhua pawg ua liaj ua teb muaj trench silo, nrog rau ntau lub teb chaws nrog kev tsim ua liaj ua teb. Lub trench yog ib lub qhov loj loj mus txog ntau pua meters ntev, kaum ntawm meters dav thiab peb mus rau rau meters tob. Shredded pob kws yog muab tso rau hauv ib lub qhov, tom qab uas nws yog rammed nrog kev pab los ntawm cov tsheb laij teb - cov cav tov hnyav hnyav ob peb kaum tons tsav los ntawm ntsuab loj, sib tov kom huv si, nyem tawm thawj cov kua txiv, uas yuav pib lub fermentation txheej txheem sai.

Tom qab tamping, pob kws tsuas yog npog nrog lub ntiaj teb - ib txheej ntawm 50 centimeters mus rau ib lub 'meter' - thiab rov ua dua kom ntseeg tau los thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm oxygen mus rau ntsuab loj thiab ya raws evaporation. Tom qab ntawd, lub trench yog sab laug rau "ripen". Cov txheej txheem fermentation yog nrog los ntawm kev tso cua sov, thiab ib txheej tuab ntawm lub ntiaj teb muab thermal rwb thaiv tsev zoo. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, txawm tias qhov kub thiab txias sab nraud poob qis dua xoom, qhov ua tiav lossis yuav luag tiav silo tsis khov thiab siv tau.

Kev siv lub tes tsho silo

Hnub no, cov pob kws loj heev - txhiab thiab kaumtxhiab tons - tsis muaj leej twg xav tau lawv tiag tiag. Cov liaj teb me yuav tsum tau noj tsawg dua. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov tes tsho zoo tib yam yog siv los ntawm trench. Lawv yog ib lub hnab polyethylene tuab nrog ntim ntau pua cubic meters.

Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb, cov khoom siv raw rau silage haum rau lawv. Cov khoom ntom ntom tsis suav nrog tsis tsuas yog ntub dej ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm nag lossis daus, tab sis kuj nkag mus rau huab cua sab hauv. Yog li ntawd, koj tuaj yeem tso lub tes tsho rau hauv qhov qhib huab cua - cov txheej txheem fermentation yuav nquag mus, tig cov zaub ntsuab rau hauv cov zaub mov zoo rau yuav luag txhua yam herbivore.

Silage lub tes tsho
Silage lub tes tsho

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum tau nteg pob kws nyob rau hauv ib txheej ntawm yam tsawg kawg nkaus ib 'meter'. Txwv tsis pub, butyric acid yuav raug tso tawm, thiab cov txheej txheem fermentation yuav tsis pib. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov khoom siv raw yuav ua rau tsis muaj kev cia siab - tag nrho cov uas tseem tshuav yog siv nws ua compost.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm fermentation

Raws li ib txwm fermentation tej yam kev mob thiab tsis muaj kev siv tshwj xeeb reagents, fermentation yuav siv sij hawm tsawg kawg yog 3 lub lis piam. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom tsis txhob qhib lub tes tsho (los yog trenches) tshwj tsis yog tias tsim nyog tom qab lub sijhawm no. Qhov tseeb yog tias koj pib sau cov silage tom qab 21 hnub, tom qab ntawd cov khoom noj ntxiv yuav pib ua kom tsis zoo thaum sib cuag nrog oxygen. Yog tias koj tso zaub mov rau ob peb hlis ntxiv, tom qab ntawd nws lub txee lub neej yuav nce ntxiv.

pob kws rammer
pob kws rammer

Yog tias koj ua haujlwm nrog lub tes tsho, nws yooj yim pomib tug yam ntxwv gas npuas uas tshwm nyob rau hauv lawv sab sauv. Kev txiav txim los ntawm nws, peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias cov txheej txheem fermentation tau ua tiav, thaum cov pa roj carbon monoxide raug tso tawm, uas muab lub neej ua haujlwm tseem ceeb rau silage. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv nws yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm punching zaj duab xis. Yog hais tias nws tawm, ces cov txheej txheem fermentation yuav cuam tshuam - cov txheej txheem ntawm lwj yuav pib. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yog cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas tsis tso cai rau ntau yam kab mob sib kis, ua rau lwj ntawm cov organic teeb meem. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, txawm lub unpleasant tsw, nws yog ib tug ncaj ncees pab nyob rau hauv khaws cia muaj nuj nqis pub.

siv kom raug

Thaum tshem cov pob kws silage los ntawm lub trench lossis lub tes tsho, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ib txoj cai yooj yim - koj yuav tsum tshem tawm hauv ib txheej, pib ntawm sab saum toj. Koj yuav tsum tsis txhob xaiv ib lub ces kaum rau hauv av, thiab tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm ntxiv. Qhov no yuav ua rau tag nrho lub ntim nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog qhib cua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, hauv ib hnub (lub lis piam zoo tshaj), tag nrho cov khoom noj yuav raug lwj.

Siv

pob kws silage yog cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau feem ntau herbivores thiab yuav luag txhua tus noog.

nyuj noj silage
nyuj noj silage

Piv txwv li, yog tias koj pub nyuj nrog silage, ces kwv yees li 70 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov khoom noj tuaj yeem muab faib rau nws. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov zaub mov yuav tsum muaj xws li quav nyab, quav cab, ncuav mog qab zib, bran thiab lwm yam additives, tab sis nws yuav tau txais feem ntau ntawm cov as-ham, vitamins thiab minerals los ntawm silage.

Zaj lus

Qhov no xaus peb tsab xov xwm. Tam sim no kojpaub ntau ntxiv txog cov cuab yeej ua liaj ua teb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li pob kws silage. Cov khoom siv raw zoo yog qhov yooj yim rau sau thiab tuaj yeem yog qhov kev xaiv zoo rau ntau tus tswv ua liaj ua teb.

Pom zoo: