Weld consumables: txhais, yam ntxwv, tsim, cia. Main welding khoom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Kev sib txuas ntawm cov qauv hlau los ntawm kev vuam yog txoj kev siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim kho, ntsuas kev tsim, tsim cov tshuab thiab cov tshuab. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem vuam, ob qhov chaw yog koom nrog tom qab lub hauv paus hlau yog melted los ntawm tshav kub. Ib qho ntxiv deposited yog siv, uas, tom qab txias thiab crystallization, ua ib tug weld, los yog surfacing. Cov khoom siv vuam yog nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm los ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv tam sim no, nqa, tsis siv hluav taws xob lossis roj vuam. Hauv kev ua haujlwm, cov khoom siv vuam ua haujlwm:

• thaum melting, txav hauv arc, nyob hauv da dej, solidifying tiv thaiv cov hlau molten;
• alloy thiab deoxidize cov hlau los ntawm kev kho cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm steels;
• tshem tawm oxides, slags, phosphorus thiab sulfur los ntawm kev sau cov seam;
• free sib koom pawg los ntawm nitrogen thiab hydrogen.

Kev faib cov ntaub ntawv rau vuam

Cov ntaub ntawv loj uas yuav tsum tau koom nrog cov hlau los ntawm kev vuam ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev faib tawm kom raug, tab sis cov khoom siv vuam tseem ceeb tau faib raws li hauv qab no:

• xaim xaimrau vuam thiab nto;
• rau arc vuam stick electrodes;
• hlau thiab phaj electrodes rau slag vuam;
• muab cov khoom ntxiv ntawm cov khoom tsis txuas ntxiv, cov khoom seem, tubular;
• muab tub lim kos, dov, kos cam khwb cia rods thiab xaim, hmoov-coated vuam tapes;
• nthwv dej lossis pa oxygen;
• vuam khoom, compressor;
• gas containers cylinders;
• tshuab hluav taws xob los tsim cov calcium carbide acetylene lossis lub raj mis acetylene pressurized;
• Reducer kom txo qhov siab ntawm vuam roj;
• torches rau vuam, hardening, surfacing nrog ib txheej tsim nyog cov tswv yim ntawm txawv diameters;
• roj hmab hoses txav oxygen;
• fluxes thiab hmoov rau vuam.

Fusible wires, daim hlau thiab rods

hom electrode no yog siv rau vuam hauv cov khoom siv tiv thaiv, submerged arc, electroslag. Hlau hlau, raws li cov khoom siv vuam, muab faib ua high-alloyed, low-carbon thiab alloyed. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 77 hom khoom zoo sib xws yog txiav txim los ntawm assortment. Xaiv cov qib uas xav tau, hloov cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov seam. Feem ntau, cov hlau muaj pes tsawg leeg zoo ib yam li cov hlau ua welded yog siv. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv vuam yuav tsum ua raws li GOST thiab qhia rau ntawm pob.

Alloyed thiab low-carbon steels rau hlau tsim tau muab faib ua tooj liab-plated thiab tsis-tooj liab-plated. Rau kev tuav vuam, hlau yog siv, txiav rau hauv daim nrog ib tug ntev ntawm 360 mus rau 400 hli. Muab rau cov neeg siv khoomskeins hnyav los ntawm 20 mus rau 85 kg. Tag nrho cov coils tau nruab nrog cov ntawv cim qhia cov chaw tsim khoom thiab cov kev tsis sib xws ntawm cov hlau.

Daim phiaj siv rau electroslag vuam. Arc phau ntawv vuam yog ua los ntawm tshwj xeeb coated hlau electrode qws hu ua electrode. Cov electrodes tau muab faib nyob ntawm qhov tuab thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov txheej txheej thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Raws li cov thickness, tshwj xeeb yog tuab, nruab nrab thiab nyias txheej yog txawv. Peb pawg hauv GOST pab faib cov electrodes nyob ntawm qhov raug tsim thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm sulfur thiab phosphorus hauv txheej txheej. Hom vuam khoom coated nrog stabilizing, khi, deoxidizing, alloying Cheebtsam yog qhia los ntawm cov ntawv:

• acid txheej - A;
• basic classic - B;
• cellulose txheej - C;
• cov khoom sib xyaw hauv txheej txheej - P.

Tsis siv cov vuam rods thiab electrodes rau tshuab vuam

Txhawm rau txuas qhov chaw hauv cov roj tiv thaiv, cov khoom siv vuam tshwj xeeb yog siv. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov vuam zoo li no yog muab raws li cov txheej txheem siv hluav taws xob arc nruab nrab ntawm cov electrode thiab saum npoo raws li qhov chaw tshav kub. Round tungsten electrodes nrog ib txoj kab uas hla ntawm 5-10 mm muab hluav taws xob tam sim no rau thaj tsam arc. Ntshiab tungsten yog siv los ua cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv ntxiv ntawm lanthanum, yttrium, sodium dioxide ntxiv. Tungsten nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem hloov tau los ntawm cov hlau pheej yig dua, vim nws yog feem ntaurefractory, nrog lub siab kub kub (5900 ºС) thiab yog siv rau vuam nrog ncaj qha thiab alternating tam sim no.

Siv oxygen

Oxygen hnyav dua li huab cua, nws ua rau cov pa roj thiab vapors ntawm kev kub ceev, thaum tshav kub tso tawm thiab lub siab melting point. Kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm compressed oxygen nrog cov roj roj thiab cov roj nplua nyeem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo thiab tawg, yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm nrog cov pa oxygen yog nqa tawm hauv cov xwm txheej huv si, tsis muaj kev phom sij ntawm kev sib kis. Kev khaws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob yog ua raws li cov qauv kev nyab xeeb hluav taws.

Oxygen rau vuam yog kev, tau los ntawm huab cua. Cov huab cua yog kho nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb kev sib cais apparatus, carbon dioxide impurities raug tshem tawm, thiab cov khoom zaum kawg yog qhuav. Cov pa oxygen ua kua rau kev thauj mus los thiab khaws cia yuav tsum tau ntim tshwj xeeb nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal.

Siv acetylene

Acetylene yog ib qho sib xyaw ntawm oxygen thiab hydrogen. Qhov no combustible gas ntawm ib txwm kub yog nyob rau hauv ib tug gaseous lub xeev. Cov roj tsis muaj xim muaj cov impurities ntawm ammonia thiab hydrogen sulfide. Cov nplaim hluav taws kub ntawm cov khoom yog qhov phom sij. Vuam siab tshaj 1.5 kgf/cm 2 los yog ceev cua kub txog 400 ºС yog txaus rau kev tawg. Gas yog tsim los ntawm hluav taws xob arc tawm, uas txhawb kev sib cais ntawm cov kua combustible Cheebtsam los yog decomposition ntawm calcium carbide nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm noo noo.

Gas hloov rau acetylene

Requirementsrau vuam cov ntaub ntawv cia siv cov vapors ntawm cov kua thiab lwm yam gases rau kev khiav hauj lwm. Lawv raug siv yog tias qhov kub thiab txias yog ob npaug ntawm cov hlau melting. Rau kev combustion ntawm ntau hom gases, ib los yog lwm tus nqi ntawm cov pa nkag mus rau hauv lub burner yog yuav tsum tau. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv acetylene yog siv vim lawv cov nqi qis thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim khoom ntau. Lawv tau siv ntau yam kev lag luam, tab sis kev siv cov khoom siv hloov pauv tau txwv los ntawm lawv cov kev txwv tsis tshua muaj cua sov.

Hlau thiab vuam fluxes

Tsis paub xaim ntawm lub npe tsis paub yog tsis siv rau vuam. Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov xaim xaim yog du, tsis muaj xeb, nplai, roj. Nws raug xaiv raws li lub melting Performance index, uas yog qis dua tus yam ntxwv no rau cov hlau yog welded. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom zoo ntawm cov hlau yog nws maj mam yaj yam tsis muaj qhov ntse ntse. Raws li kev zam, yog tias tsis muaj cov xaim uas yuav tsum tau muaj, rau vuam tooj dag, txhuas, tooj liab, stainless hlau, strips ntawm cov hlau txiav los ntawm tib cov khoom uas txuas nrog yog siv.

Thaum vuam hlau xws li txhuas, magnesium, tooj liab, tooj dag, cam khwb cia hlau, muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau nrog oxygen los ntawm cov cua lossis cov nplaim hluav taws xob oxidizing. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua rau tsim cov oxides nrog lub siab melting point, uas tsim cov yeeb yaj kiab tsis zoo thiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw ua kua. Cov khoom siv vuam hu ua flux, muaj cov tshuaj txhuam los yog hmoov ntawm cov khoom tsim nyog,siv los tiv thaiv qhov chaw ntawm lub molten loj. Cov khoom siv yog boric acid, calcined borax. Fluxes tsis siv thaum vuam alloy steels.

Kev Nyab Xeeb Dej Locks

Cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv cov raj xa dej roj hmab thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob roj los ntawm kev rov qab los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub yog hu ua lub kaw. Cov kev xav tau rau cov khoom siv vuam siv txiav txim siab tias lub foob dej yog tsim los ntawm txoj hauv kev uas nws tsis cuam tshuam cov pa oxygen lossis acetylene hauv lub teeb lossis lub teeb taws. Lub xauv dej yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv lub cuab yeej, qhov no yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj kev nyab xeeb hluav taws uas yuav tsum tau ua.

Lub qhov rooj kaw tau muab tso rau hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm lub tshuab txiav thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob, raws li cov lus qhia nws nyob rau hauv qhov zoo thiab tau ntim dej raws sijhawm raws li qhov xav tau. Qhov kev txuas no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom siv vuam.

Lub tog raj kheej rau khaws cov roj compressed

Lub tog raj kheej yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cylindrical steel hlab ntsha. Lub conical qhib nyob rau hauv lub caj dab cheeb tsam yog kaw nrog ib tug threaded kaw-off valve. Kev sib txuas ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm lub tog raj kheej yog ua los ntawm seamless, cov khoom siv yog alloy thiab carbon hlau. Cov xim sab nrauv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm paub txog hom roj tso rau hauv. Cov pa oxygen thauj mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha xiav, acetylene cylinders yog pleev xim rau xim dawb, daj-ntsuab tint qhia cov ntsiab lus hydrogen, cov roj combustible seem yog muab tso rau hauv cov thawv liab.

Cov ntawv Passport sau rau saum lub zais pagas cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom siv vuam siv yuav tsum tau muab cov thooj voos kheej kheej tso rau hauv vertically thiab fastened rau phab ntsa nrog ib tug clamp. Valves rau lub tog raj kheej tso pa oxygen yog ua los ntawm tooj dag, kev siv cov hlau tsis raug tso cai vim yog corrosion ntawm cov khoom hauv ib puag ncig roj. Cov li qub ntawm acetylene gas cylinders yog ua los ntawm cov hlau, nws yog txwv tsis pub siv tooj liab thiab cov hlau alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus tooj liab ntau dua 70%. Acetylene reacts nrog tooj liab los ua ib qho kev sib tov tawg.

Gas reducers

Cov khoom siv vuam zoo li lub tshuab txo qis ua haujlwm txhawm rau txo cov pa roj los ntawm lub tog raj kheej thiab tswj qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis tu ncua thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tag nrho, tsis hais qhov txo qis ntawm cov khoom hauv lub tog raj kheej. Reducers tsim ob-chamber thiab ib-chamber. Cov qub ua haujlwm tau zoo dua qub, tuav lub siab tas li thiab tsis txhob khov thaum siv cov roj sib tov mus ntev. Txhawm rau muab cov roj rau lub qhov cub, cov roj hmab hoses nrog cov ntaub gaskets yog siv, uas tau dhau los ua qhov kev sim ua ntej rau lub zog thiab kev ua siab ntev, vim muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb. Cais siv hoses rau oxygen thiab acetylene. Txhawm rau muab cov roj av thiab roj av, cov hoses ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tiv thaiv roj av tau siv.

Yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv vuam

Rau txhua hom kev vuam, cov khoom siv yog siv raws li cov qauv nruj, qhov uas yuav tsum tau lees paub thiab tswj tau qhia meej. Tag nrho cov khoom siv rau kev tsim cov khoom siv vuam siv hauv lub hoobkas yog muab nrog daim ntawv pov thawj qhia.technical indicators:

• cim lag luam ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom;
• cim muaj cov tsiaj ntawv thiab cov lej qhia hom thiab hom;
• Hoobkas tus naj npawb ntawm melting thiab hloov batch;
• ntsuas ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub electrode lossis hlau;
• tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau, qhia qhov feem pua;
• tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv vuam;
• net weight.

Cov kev xav tau rau txhua qhov electrodes yog qhov ruaj khov arc, ib qho zoo-tsim weld. Cov hlau ntawm qhov tshwm sim saum npoo sib raug rau cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg uas tau txiav txim siab ua ntej, lub melting ntawm tus pas nrig thaum lub sij hawm ua haujlwm ua haujlwm sib npaug, tsis muaj txaws thiab tso tawm cov tshuaj lom. Cov hlau ua rau kev tsim cov vuam zoo, slag tau yooj yim tshem tawm ntawm qhov chaw vuam, thiab cov txheej txheem vuam yog ruaj khov. Electrodes khaws cov kev ntsuas kev ua haujlwm tau ntev.

Txhua qhov nthuav dav suav nrog hauv txheej txheem vuam. Kev siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo hauv kev ua haujlwm ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem kev ruaj khov thiab ruaj khov ntawm cov hlau.