Weld ob txhais ceg: yam ntxwv thiab khoom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Lub zog ntawm lub vuam yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau yam. Thawj qhov taw qhia tseem ceeb yog hom kev vuam ob lub hlau ua ke. Qhov thib ob yog qhov kev xaiv ntawm consumables. Qhov thib peb qhov ntsuas uas txiav txim siab lub zog ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm cov qauv hlau yog qhov ntev ntawm ob txhais ceg ntawm vuam.

txhais ceg yog dab tsi

Lub npe no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias yog tias peb xav txog qhov vuam seam hauv ntu, tom qab ntawd nrog nws qhov kev ua tiav zoo nws yuav zoo li daim duab peb sab isosceles. Hauv qhov no, txhais ceg yuav yog qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub seam ntawm ib feem thiab lub dav hlau ntawm lwm qhov. Ntawm nws lub hauv paus, ceg ntawm lub vuam yuav yog ceg ntawm daim duab peb sab isosceles, yog li lub npe.

Yog li, txhais ceg yog dab tsi, tam sim no nws pom tseeb. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab tias lub zog ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yuav zoo heev nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub kaum sab xis. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob yuam kev ntawm no. Qhov tseeb hais tias cov ceg ntawm weld yog lub luag hauj lwm rau nws lub zog tsis tau txhais hais tias nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov thicker nws yog, lub zog sib koom ua ke nws tus kheej yuav. Hauv qhov no, nws yuav tsum nkag siab tias ntau dhautus naj npawb ntawm welded ntsiab yuav ua rau ib tug deterioration nyob rau hauv cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev twb kev txuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev siv ntau dhau ntawm electrodes, roj, flux thiab additives yuav ua rau kom tus nqi ntawm cov hauj lwm zoo li no.

Joint geometry

Rau cov laj thawj uas tau piav qhia saum toj no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau coj mus rau hauv tus account lub geometry ntawm kev sib koom tes. Lub ntsiab parameter thaum txuas ob lub hlau hlau yuav yog tias cov ceg vuam yuav tsum muaj cov kab ntev ntev.

Piv txwv li, thaum vuam ob lub ntsiab lus hlau nrog cov thicknesses sib txawv, qhov ntev ntawm ceg ntawm lub seam yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov uas muaj qhov me me. Feem ntau, qhov ntev ntawm lub vuam ceg yog txiav txim siab thiab ntsuas raws li cov qauv npaj ua ntej. Niaj hnub no, welders siv ntau yam cuab yeej los ntsuas cov ceg. Cov khoom siv no hu ua "welder's cathetomers".

Cov cuab yeej no muaj daim ntawv ntawm ob daim hlau nyias, qhov kawg uas muaj cov duab ntawm ib qho notch, tsim los txiav txim qhov txawv ntawm ceg. Tus kws tshaj lij nyob rau hauv lem siv cathetomers ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv rau cov suture. Ntawm lawv, muaj tseeb tias yuav yog ib qho uas yuav rov hais dua qhov geometry ntawm ceg ntawm lub vuam.

Seam shape

Tom qab vuam, feem ntau tsuas yog ob hom seam tsim.

Thawj qhov pom yog qhov sib txuas tsis tu ncua, uas zoo li cov hlaws nrog lub ntsej muag. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntawm no tias hom seam no, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, tsis zoo. Xws liMuaj ob qho laj thawj rau qhov kev lees paub. Ua ntej, qhov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov qauv yuav nce siab hauv cov seam, thiab qhov thib ob, kev siv cov khoom siv los tsim cov seam yuav zoo heev.

Hom thib ob ntawm txoj hlua khi yog qhov zoo tagnrho. Nws zoo li cov menyuam nrog lub ntsej muag concave, tab sis nws yog qhov nyuaj heev kom ua tiav qhov kev ua tau zoo thaum vuam ob lub qauv. Yuav kom ua tiav hom seam no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau teeb tsa qhov tsis raug ntawm lub tshuab vuam, nrog rau kev tswj hwm tus nqi ntawm cov electrode tib yam. Txhawm rau ua tiav ob qho xwm txheej, koj xav tau ib tus kws tshaj lij uas muaj kev paub dhau los hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo li no. Nws yog tsim nyog ntxiv tias hom vuam no tsis siv rau hauv kev sib dhos ntawm cov qauv hlau.

kaum kev sib txuas qhov ntev

Yog tias peb tham txog qhov ntev ntawm txhais ceg ntawm cov hlua khi, ces, raws li tau hais los saum toj no, qhov tuab ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau welded yuav yog qhov txiav txim siab. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias muaj ib feem nrog ib tug tuab ntawm 4-5 mm, qhov luaj li cas ntawm ceg yuav yog 4 mm. Yog tias qhov tuab nce, ces txhais ceg yuav tsum loj tuaj.

Ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas cuam tshuam rau qhov concavity los yog convexity ntawm weld hlaws yog hom electrode tau siv. Qhov no yog hais txog cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom siv. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj siv cov electrode uas, thaum siv, yuav ua tuab thiab khov, ces qhov saum npoo ntawm cov menyuam yuav dhau los ua convex. Yog hais tias, thaum cov menyuam yaj, cov hlau yog kua thiab kis tau, cesnws nto yuav concave.

Kev nrawm thiab vuam hom

Yuav kom tau txais qhov zoo tshaj plaws ceg ntawm vuam thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, nrog rau kom muaj kev sib raug zoo, ntau lub ntsiab lus yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab.

• Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev xaiv hom kev ua haujlwm yuav yog qhov tam sim no thiab qhov hluav taws xob. Cov kws tshaj lij hauv daim teb no paub tias yog tias koj nce qhov tam sim no thiab tseem tsim kom muaj qhov ruaj khov, qhov vuam yuav tob dua thiab yuav muaj qhov me me. Yog hais tias, thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm, ib tug ruaj khov tam sim no yog khaws cia, tab sis qhov voltage yog hloov, ces qhov kev twb kev txuas tshwm sim yuav tsis sib sib zog nqus, tab sis nws thickness yuav nce. Los ntawm qhov no ua raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab uas lub thickness ntawm lub vuam ceg yuav hloov.
• Qhov thib ob yog qhov nrawm. Yog tias qhov ntsuas no tsis pub dhau ntau tshaj 50 m / h, ces qhov tob ntawm vuam ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke yuav nce, thiab cov thickness yuav txo.
• Yog tias koj ua qhov sib txawv, uas yog, nce qhov nrawm, tsis yog qhov tob ntawm vuam yuav txo qis, tab sis kuj yog qhov tuab ntawm cov ceg ntawm cov seam. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau tsim hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm cov workpieces kuj yuav raug txo. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias thaum txav ceev, lub cua sov ntawm da dej yog negligible.

Yuav ua li cas txheeb xyuas ceg ntawm lub vuam

hais tias qhov no tsis yooj yim ua. Lub hauv paus rau nqe lus no yog hais tias nyob rau hauv cross seem no seam yog ib tug isosceles daim duab peb sab, thiab xam cov ceg ntawm xws li ib tug daim duab yog ib tug yooj yim txoj hauj lwm. Yuav kom sivKev suav, koj tuaj yeem siv tus qauv trigonometric li ib txwm: T=S cos 45º.

T yog tus nqi ntawm ceg ntawm qhov vuam, thiab S yog qhov dav ntawm cov hlaws uas tshwm sim, lossis qhov hypotenuse ntawm daim duab peb sab.

Txhawm rau txiav txim siab ntawm txhais ceg ntawm seam, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub qhov tuab ntawm seam nws tus kheej tag nrho. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no yog qhov yooj yim heev, ntxiv rau, qhov no, cos 45º yuav sib npaug rau 0.7. Tom qab ntawd, koj tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho cov txiaj ntsig muaj txiaj ntsig thiab tau txais tus nqi ntawm txhais ceg nrog qhov raug siab. Kev xam cov ceg ntawm ib qho vuam siv cov qauv no yog ib qho kev ua haujlwm yooj yim tshaj plaws.

Nyob ntawm seams

Hnub no, muaj ob yam tseem ceeb ntawm vuam. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab ntawm no tias seam thiab weld yog ob yam sib txawv.

• Npaj welds. Hom no yog siv thaum koom nrog qhov kawg-rau-kawg, uas yog, xaus. Feem ntau hauv kev xyaum, hom seam no yog siv los ua ke ntawm cov kav dej, nrog rau kev tsim cov ntawv hlau. Kev siv hom seam no suav hais tias yog qhov kev lag luam tshaj plaws, nrog rau tus nqi qis tshaj ntawm lub zog.
• Tseem muaj cov ces kaum. Qhov tseeb, nws tsim nyog hais txog peb hom ntawm no - angular, tee, ceg tawv. Txiav ntug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav ua tau ob qho tib si ib sab thiab ob sab. Nws nyob ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov hlau. Lub kaum sab xis txiav yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm 20 txog 60 degrees. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab ntawm no tias qhov loj dua lub kaum sab xis raug xaiv, cov khoom siv ntau dua yuav tsum tau siv, thiab qhov zoo kuj yuav txo qis.

Weld pattern

Welds kuj txawv ntawm lawv cov teeb tsa. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntau yam: longitudinal rectilinear thiab curvilinear, nplhaib.

Yog tias cov seams longitudinal yuav tsum tau welded, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo npaj cov hlau nto, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias kev ua hauj lwm yuav tshwm sim nrog lub seam ntev. Thaum tsim hom seam no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas qhov saum npoo tsis yog wavy, thiab tag nrho cov ntug burrs yuav tsum tau ntxuav. Nws tseem yuav yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom tshem tawm cov dej noo, xeb, av lossis lwm yam tsis xav tau ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm ua ntej vuam.

Yog tias lub nplhaib vuam yuav tsum tau ua, ces nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev los kho cov kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm lub tshuab vuam. Yog tias txoj kab uas hla ntawm cov khoom me me, ces txhawm rau ua tiav cov vuam zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom txo qhov amperage.

Nws tuaj yeem ntxiv tau tias cov seams tshwm sim tuaj yeem tsis yog concave lossis convex, tab sis kuj tiaj tus. Flat thiab concave hom yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau cov qauv uas ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv dynamic loads. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog tias hom seam no tsis muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm nws tus kheej mus rau hlau.

GOST weld ob txhais ceg

GOST 5264-80 yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tsim cov hom tseem ceeb, cov qauv tsim, nrog rau qhov ntev ntawm txhua qhov sib txuas welded. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias daim ntawv no tsis npog hom seams siv los txuas cov kav dej.

Ib qho ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm GOST no hais tias thaum lub sijhawm vuamtaub qab hom thiab cov thickness sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw, lawv tuaj yeem txuas nrog tib yam li cov khoom uas muaj tib lub thickness, yog tias lawv qhov sib txawv tsis tshaj qee qhov ntsuas.

Nws kuj tau piav qhia hauv daim ntawv no tias nws tau tso cai txav cov npoo kom welded txheeb ze rau ib leeg ua ntej vuam. Tseem muaj teeb tsa cov lej offset uas tau tso cai ntawm qee qhov tuab ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm.

Muaj ib daim ntawv ntxiv rau daim ntawv no, uas muaj tag nrho qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov ntev ntawm ob txhais ceg ntawm vuam. Nws yog tsim nyog ntxiv tias qhov convexity, nrog rau qhov concavity ntawm seam, tuaj yeem tsis ntau tshaj 30% ntawm tus nqi ntawm nws txhais ceg.