Onager yog riam phom loj ntawm cov neeg Loos thaum ub

Cov txheej txheem:

Onager yog riam phom loj ntawm cov neeg Loos thaum ub
Onager yog riam phom loj ntawm cov neeg Loos thaum ub

Video: Onager yog riam phom loj ntawm cov neeg Loos thaum ub

Video: Onager yog riam phom loj ntawm cov neeg Loos thaum ub
Video: Npau Suav Pom Riam Puas Zoo 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Lo lus "Artillery" yog txuam nrog ntau yam nrog rab phom, rab phom, mortars, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg tsim teb thiab tua riam phom ntev ua ntej qhov tshwm sim ntawm rab phom. Cov lus "ballista" thiab "catapult" tau ntev los ntawm txhua tus neeg daim di ncauj, txawm hais tias feem ntau hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab lossis kev ua si hauv computer cov cuab yeej no tsis tau piav qhia kom raug. Ib lub tshuab tsis paub ntau dua yog tus onager. Qhov no yog cov cuab yeej Roman thaum ub siv los pov pob zeb lossis Molotov cocktails.

Reconstruction ntawm ib tug onger nrog ib tug "dawb"
Reconstruction ntawm ib tug onger nrog ib tug "dawb"

Cov hlau qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg tshawb nrhiav pom los ntawm archaeologists hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 3 AD. e., thiab los ntawm lub xyoo pua 4th cov tshuab no tshwm sim hauv cov ntawv sau. Cov lus piav qhia ntxaws tshaj plaws ntawm dab tsi yog onager yog thiab qhov twg siv lub tshuab no tau tso tseg los ntawm Roman keeb kwm yav dhau los Amian Marcellinus thiab nws cov Vegetius niaj hnub. Cia wb mus saib qhov teeb meem no.

Devices

Onager yog lub tshuab ntuav uas tau tsav los ntawm lub torsion bar, piv txwv li, twisting force. Nws muaj ob peb qhov tseem ceeb:

  • muaj zog ntoo puag (ntev) tso rau ntawm lub log;
  • lever nrogTorsion bar ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ruaj khov thiab elastic;
  • crossbar uas nres lub zog thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm;
  • rooj vag, uas tau thawb lub zog rau hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua.
Torsion qhov chaw
Torsion qhov chaw

Ntawm lub plawv ntawm txhua lub tshuab ntuav yog lub zog uas teeb tsa qhov projectile hauv kev txav. Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub artillery, qhov no yog lub zog ntawm ib tug tawg ntawm rab phom, thaum lub ancient phom feem ntau torsion, uas yog, lawv siv lub zog ntawm fibers twisted los ntawm ib tug nras - leeg, plaub hau los yog ropes. Qhov kawg ntawm lub lever tau muab tso rau hauv lub sam thiaj. Lub zog tau rub los ntawm lub rooj vag lossis lwm txoj hauv kev.

Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm

Rau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj, lub zog, kov yeej qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm lub torsion bar, tau qis qis nrog kev pab los ntawm dab tshos thiab kho nrog tus pin tshwj xeeb. Thaum lub sijhawm zoo, tus pin rub tawm tau tso tawm lub zog, uas, nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub torsion bar, piav qhia lub arc kom txog thaum nws sib tsoo nrog lub crossbar. Thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev cuam tshuam, tus hlua txuas mus rau qhov kawg ntawm lub kauj, tig, piav qhia txog qhov arc thiab qhib, pov tawm ib qhov projectile.

Yuav txo tau qhov "recoil" thaum tua, straw txaj tau khi rau ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig. Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, lub tsheb tsis tuaj yeem tso ncaj qha rau ntawm phab ntsa hauv nroog, vim tias kev vibrations thaum txhaj tshuaj hem ua kom puas lub masonry. Onager tau muab tso rau ntawm lub txaj ntawm turf lossis ntawm lub platform ntawm cib.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm lo lus "tus neeg"

Muaj tsawg kawg yog ob version ntawm vim li cas lub tsheb tau txais lub npe no:

  • thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm, vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm tus pas nrig ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig, lub tsheb dhia, uas ua rau nws zoo li ncaws pob - ib tug nees luav;
  • ancient Roman historian Amian Marcellinus tau sau qhov ntawdThaum tua nees luav qus, thaum khiav, cov tsiaj pov pob zeb hauv av nrog ncaws los ntawm lawv ob txhais ceg, uas qee zaum ua rau cov neeg yos hav zoov raug mob hnyav.
Onagers nyob rau hauv qhov
Onagers nyob rau hauv qhov

Nkauj yog ib tug nees luav qus. Lwm version ntawm lub npe - "scorpion" - tus onager tau txais, tej zaum, rau qhov zoo sib xws ntawm lub zog ntawm lub lever thaum raug rho tawm haujlwm nrog rau lub sting ntawm cov saum toj no-lub npe kab.

Sib ntaus sib tua

Tsis zoo li lub trebuchet lossis ballista, onager yog ib lub tshuab uas tau siv tsis yog nyob rau hauv siege ntawm fortresses, tab sis nyob rau hauv lawv tiv thaiv. Lwm qhov yuav siv tau yog thaj tsam artillery rau hluav taws ncaj qha. Tus kws sau keeb kwm Vegetius tau sau tias txhua pawg neeg Loos tau muaj 10 rab phom no.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress nrog kev pab los ntawm onger
Kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub fortress nrog kev pab los ntawm onger

Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv thaj teb yog qhov tsis ntseeg vim lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm ntev ntawm qhov kev tua luv luv. Thaum tiv thaiv lub fortress, thaum cov neeg tawm tsam raug yuam kom nyob deb, qhov no tsis yog qhov teeb meem loj. Tab sis yog tias cov tub rog tau ntsib "hauv qhov chaw qhib", ces nws tsis zoo li cov neeg coob ntawm cov riam phom no yuav muaj sijhawm los tua ntau yam ua ntej raug tshem tawm.

Modern reconstructions

Onager lub caj npab ntuav yog feem ntau pom zoo li rab diav hauv cov duab niaj hnub no. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog kev tsim khoom. Nyob rau hauv tib lo lus piav qhia ntawm lub tshuab uas muaj sia nyob mus rau hnub no thiab sab laug los ntawm Amian Marcellinus, ib tug sling yog hais. Tsis tas li ntawd, txoj hlua khi ntawm lub sijhawm cuam tshuam rau ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig ua rau lub ntsej muag ntse rau pem hauv ntej, ntuav tawm lub pob zeb thiab muab kev nrawm ntxiv. Ib rab diav-shaped lever tsis muaj qhov noqhov zoo, yuav tsuas yog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, thiab tseem nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom.

Reconstruction ntawm ib tug onager nrog ib tug hlua
Reconstruction ntawm ib tug onager nrog ib tug hlua

Piv txwv li, hauv kev tsim kho ntawm Ralph Payne-Galloway thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, lub tshuab uas hnyav tag nrho ntawm 2 tons pov pob zeb nrog ib txoj hlua ntawm 460 meters, thiab nrog "dawb" - tsuas yog ua 330m. Qhov hnyav ntawm pob zeb yog 3.6 kg. Tus kws tshawb fawb suav tias ib lub pob zeb ntawm ib qho txuj ci (ib qho kev ntsuas thaum ub Loos qhov hnyav sib npaug li 26 kg) yuav muab pov rau nws 70 meters.

Lub tshuab muaj zog, tsim los ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv tsev kawm Asmeskas hauv 70s ntawm lub xyoo pua XX, pov pob zeb hnyav 9 kg yuav luag 150 meters, thiab pob zeb hnyav 34 kg - 87 meters. Cov menyuam kawm ntawv kuj sim pov pob zeb uas hnyav 175 kg. Nws poob rau ntawm lub tsheb, tab sis tus qauv nws tus kheej tsis puas thaum lub sijhawm txhaj tshuaj.

Cov tub rog niaj hnub no yeej saib cov tsheb Roman nrog kev thuam. Txawm li cas los xij, rau cov neeg thaum ub, tsis paub txog rab phom thiab lwm yam khoom tawg, lub tshuab uas cuam pob zeb loj ntawm tib neeg lub taub hau ntau pua meters tuaj yeem zoo li riam phom loj heev. Txawm nyob deb ntawm 80-100 meters txaus los ua kev puas tsuaj rau cov tub rog storming lub fortress phab ntsa.

Marcellinus piav txog qhov xwm txheej thaum cov neeg Loos, thaum lub sijhawm tiv thaiv ntawm ib lub fortresses, rhuav tshem Persian siege yees nrog kev pab los ntawm onagers. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov kev puas tsuaj uas lub pob zeb hnyav 30 kilograms, ya ntawm qhov nrawm nrawm, muaj peev xwm ua rau tib neeg, tej zaum yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov neeg nyob ze. Nws yog tau hais tias tus onager kuj yog ib tug puas siab puas ntsws riam phom uas tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog siv los"txias lub ardor" ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam.

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