Chromium ore: muaj pes tsawg leeg, tso nyiaj thiab daim ntawv thov. Chrome hlau nta

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Nyuaj thiab refractory hlau chromium yog qhov xav tau zoo hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam. Dyes, ruaj khov alloys thiab coatings rau ntau qhov chaw, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv refractory yog tsim los ntawm nws. Nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, nws muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ntau lub tebchaw nyob rau hauv lub composition ntawm pob zeb thiab minerals. Kab lus no tham txog chrome ore, nws cov deposits thiab mining txoj kev.

24th element

Chromium yog ib lub ntsiab ntawm pawg thib rau ntawm lub rooj sib tham nrog atomic tooj 24. Raws li cov khoom siv yooj yim, nws yog ib qho ntawm cov hlau nyuaj tshaj plaws, tab sis qhov zoo no yog nyob ntawm nws cov purity. Nrog ntau yam impurities, nws hardness nce, tab sis ntshiab chromium tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev.

Lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm cov hlau yog siab dua 1800 degrees Celsius thiab tseem nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm impurities. Vim nws infusibility, nws ua haujlwm tsuas yog thaum rhuab, thiab nyob rau hauv ib txwm chav tsev, nws tseem inert. Yog li, nws reacts nrog dej, tsuas yogua heev liab-kub thiab av rau hauv hmoov. Hauv nws lub xeev ib txwm, nws tsis ua haujlwm nrog huab cua, sulfuric thiab nitric acids. Tau ntsib nrog lawv, nws passivates, tsim ib daim ntawv tiv thaiv nyias uas tsis tso cai rau nws nkag mus rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cua sov, nws yooj yim yaj hauv cov kua qaub, thiab ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 600 degrees, nws hlawv hauv oxygen.

Nyob rau hauv nws lub xeev ib txwm, chromium yog ib tug hlau nrog ib tug pronounced dawb-xiav tint. Oxidized mus rau qib +2, +3 thiab +6, nws tsim ntau cov tebchaw uas tuaj yeem ua xim liab, ntsuab, xiav, txiv kab ntxwv thiab txawm daj. Vim li no, nws thiaj li hu ua "chromium", uas txhais tau tias "xim" hauv Greek.

Chromium ore

Chromium yog dav faib rau ntiaj chaw ntiaj teb - nws cov ntsiab lus hauv lub ntiaj teb pob zeb yog 0.012% los ntawm qhov hnyav. Nws tsis tsim nuggets thiab tsis tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, nws tsuas muaj nyob rau hauv lub tebchaw ntawm ntau yam minerals, piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv wokelenite, ditzeite, uvarovite, crocoite, melanchroite. Feem ntau lawv tsaus, yuav luag xim dub thiab muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo nkauj.

Chrome ores tsim cov zaub mov uas muaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg ntawm chrome spinels. Nws yog lawv uas muaj cov hlau loj tshaj plaws, txaus rau nws cov khoom siv. Lawv suav nrog plaub yam khoom tseem ceeb:

• aluminochromite;
• birch (magnochromite);
• picotite;
• chromite.

Ore minerals yog cov hauv paus chiv keeb. Lawv sib txawv heev nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv tsos thiab qauv. Ib leeg. Lawv tsuas tuaj yeem paub qhov txawv ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj.

Chrome spinels yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tawv tawv, xim dub, xim av-dub thiab grey, tsis muaj zog hlau nplaum. Lawv feem ntau nrog uvarovite, olivine, brucite, serpentine, kemmererite, thiab bronzite. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau yog chromite.

Nyiaj

Kev tso nyiaj ntawm chrome ore muaj nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Eurasia, Africa, nrog rau South thiab North America. South Africa muaj cov peev txheej loj tshaj plaws, suav txog ntau dua 75% ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb ntawm chromium. Tom qab nws, Kazakhstan thiab Zimbabwe ua tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm ore reserves, ua raws li Asmeskas, Is Nrias teb, Oman, Qaib Cov Txwv.

Cov deposits loj kuj tseem muaj nyob rau hauv Russia, qhov chaw uas lawv muaj nyob rau hauv lub Urals. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th, Lavxias teb sab chrome ores yog lub ntsiab ntawm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb hloov nrog rau kev tshawb pom ntawm lwm yam deposits. Niaj hnub no, lub teb chaws siv cov peev txheej no tshaj nws cov khoom tsim tawm.

Ore, raws li txoj cai, nyob ntawm qhov tob tob, yog li nws tau muab rho tawm los ntawm lub plab zom mov ntawm lub ntiaj teb feem ntau los ntawm txoj kev mine. Hauv 10-15% ntawm cov neeg mob, mining tshwm sim nrog kev pab ntawm quarries. Kwv yees li 15 billion tons ntawm ore raug rho tawm txhua xyoo.

Siv

Hauv kev lag luam, tus nqi tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau yog tias nws tiv taus corrosion heev thiab tsis tawg nyob rau hauv lub zog ntawm huab cua thiab dej. Cov khoom no yog siv los tsim cov hlau tsis muaj steel, uas muaj lub zog siab thiab hardness. Refined chrome kuj yog coated rau txhuas, magnesium, nyiaj, zinc, cadmium thiab lwm yam hlau los tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm ib puag ncig influences.

Chromium ores, muaj tsawg dua chromium tab sis nplua nuj nyob rau hauv magnesium thiab aluminium oxides, yog siv los tsim cov ntaub ntawv refractory uas tuaj yeem tiv taus kub kub.

Nws cov xim sib xyaw yog siv los tsim cov xim dyes, pigments thiab xim iav. Synthetic rubies yog tsim los ntawm alloyed trivalent chromium thiab molten corundum ntxhia, uas yog siv rau hauv cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.