Lub tshuab hluav taws xob qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tam sim no yuav luag tag nrho cov qub chaw locomotives uas tau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb tsuas yog pom raws li monuments, thiab ib zaug dhau los ib zaj dab neeg pib nrog lawv. Thawj cov ntaub ntawv ceev ceev, lub zog thiab lub peev xwm nqa tau raug teeb tsa los ntawm cov tsheb loj loj no, xa cov huab cua dub rau saum ntuj, ua rau lub tsheb tsis xis nyob. Zoo li lub tsheb, chav locomotives tau los ntev ua ntej lawv tau lees paub thiab ua nrov rau ib ntus. Txawm hais tias nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias niaj hnub no tib neeg tau poob kev txaus siab rau lawv.

Keeb kwm ntawm kev tsim: thawj chav locomotive hauv ntiaj teb

keeb kwm ntawm chav locomotives pib nyob rau hauv 1803, thaum British engineer Richard Trevithick txiav txim siab los nruab ib lub laub dov nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum. Nws yog ces hais tias lub ntiaj teb thawj chav locomotive tau tsim, los yog es, nws zoo li. Trevithick tau tsim lub tsheb ciav hlau tiag tiag ib xyoos tom qab, tom qab ua qhov kev sim, thaum nws txuas ob peb lub trolleys ntxiv rau nws qhov tsim. Lub invention tau patented, thiab yog li ntawd officially suav hais tias yog thawj thiab qub tshaj chav locomotive nyob rau hauvntiaj teb no.

Tau kawg, lub tsheb uas tshwm sim tsis tsim nyog tau txais kev ntseeg siab ntawm pej xeem. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsis ntseeg sai sai ploj nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Stephenson tshuab. Nws tau pom tseeb: qhov hnyav dua lub locomotive, qhov zoo dua nws cov log du yuav khiav ntawm txoj hlua du. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1825, Locomotion No. 1 tau hla lub ntiaj teb thawj txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Nws suav hais tias yog qhov qub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab tseem tuaj yeem pom hauv Darlington Railway Tsev khaws puav pheej. Ua tsaug rau nws, thawj lo lus hais txog kev tsheb ciav hlau tshwm sim - lub tsheb ciav hlau.

Lub ntiaj teb qhov qub tshaj plaws chav locomotives

Nyob rau xyoo 1900, Asmeskas tuam txhab Richmond Locomotive Works tau tsim H2-293, uas yog nyob rau hauv cov npe ntawm cov khoom qub tshaj plaws. 13 xyoo tom qab nws tau los ntawm Finnish Railways Authority. Qhov no locomotive yog suav tias yog lub feem ntau revolutionary, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv 1917 nws tau pab V. I. Lenin nkaum los ntawm ib ntus tsoom fwv. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 9, tus kws kho tshuab Yalava tau thauj Vladimir Ilyich mus rau Finland, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 7 ntawm tib lub xyoo nws rov qab los rau Petrograd zoo ib yam. Tam sim no H2-293 tau nres mus tas li nyob rau hauv ib lub pavilion glazed ntawm ib lub platform ntawm Finland Chaw nres tsheb hauv St. Petersburg.

Cov qub locomotives kuj muaj xws li Soviet E-chav kawm locomotive, tsim nyob rau hauv 1912 nyob rau hauv Lugansk. Nws suav hais tias yog qhov loj tshaj plaws - 11 txhiab daim ntawv luam tawm hauv 45 xyoo. Ntau npaum li tsis muaj lwm yam locomotive cog tau tsim.

Olympic locomotives uas ciaj sia nyob rau hauv tsov rog tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1935 los ntawm lub tuam txhab Berlin Borsig. Tsuas muaj 3 thiabChav locomotives tau npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev pabcuam cov neeg koom thiab cov qhua ntawm Olympics hauv lub nroog Yelemes. Cov locomotives boasted ib tug futuristic tsos: streamlined duab, kaw lub cev, xim liab. Nws yog Borsig locomotive uas teev cov ntaub ntawv ceev hauv 1936 - 200.4 km / h.

Chav locomotives hauv USSR

Saum toj no, peb twb tau kov me ntsis ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov qub chav locomotives ntawm USSR. Tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem hais txog P38 locomotive. Nws yog qhov loj heev, hnyav tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Soviet locomotive tsev. Nws kuj tseem suav hais tias yog qhov kawg hauv Soviet Union.

P38 tau tsim tawm xyoo 1954-1955. Cov qauv muaj 4 freight locomotives nruab nrog Mallet system. Lub locomotive yog ib tug sib sib zog nqus version ntawm lub ntiaj teb no hnyav tshaj American chav locomotive.

Lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub tsheb ciav hlau kuj tau tsim hauv Lugansk xyoo 1934. "AA" ("Andrei Andreev") tau dhau los ua tib lub cav locomotive nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb nrog xya lub axles txav ntawm cov thav duab nruj, txawm hais tias feem ntau muaj 5 ntawm lawv, qhov no yog lub tsheb loj tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim, nws taug kev zoo kawg nkaus, tab sis ntawm txoj kab uas hla nws tsis haum. Ntawm cov xub, nws feem ntau mus tawm ntawm txoj kab. Yog li nws txoj hmoo tau txiav txim siab ua ntej.

"IS" yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Lub locomotive "Joseph Stalin" tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1932. Chav locomotives yog high-speed, nce mus txog 115 kilometers ib teev. Lub locomotive muaj ib tug streamlined duab. Qhov tshwj xeeb yog tias "IS" tau dhau los ua cov neeg caij tsheb muaj zog tshaj plaws nyob hauv Europe.

Amazing locomotiveskev kaj siab

Cov ntaub ntawv ceev rau lub tsheb ciav hlau Olympic tau tawg xyoo 1938 los ntawm British tsim Mallard, yog ib lub cav zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Nws ceev mus rau 202.7 km / h. Tsim los rau kev ceev tshaj 160 km / h, Mallard muaj lub cev streamlined thiab lub log nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm ntau tshaj 2 m. Nws tseem yog tus ceev tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab hnyav tshaj plaws tau tsim nyob hauv Asmeskas xyoo 1941. Ib tug series ntawm locomotives hu ua "He althy". Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub tsheb yog ntau tshaj 40 m, thiab cov loj loj hnyav yam tsawg 500 tons. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau suav hais tias nyob ntsiag to thaum piv rau lwm qhov chaw locomotives.

Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws thiab nthuav dav chav locomotive

The Orient Express yog lus dab neeg tseeb. Carriages dai kom zoo nkauj hauv Art Deco style tau nrov heev nrog cov neeg ua yeeb yaj kiab, kws yees duab thiab cov kws sau ntawv txij thaum lawv pib (19th caug xyoo) txog niaj hnub no. Qhov chaw romantic nyob ntawm no, sib xyaw nrog cov khoom kim heev thiab permeated nrog paub tsis meej. Cov locomotives no tseem taug kev hla lub nroog European zoo nkauj tshaj plaws los qhia rau tib neeg txog keeb kwm thiab kev nplua nuj ntawm txhua qhov chaw nyob.

Ntiaj teb qhov tseeb

• thawj chav wagon tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1769 los ntawm Fabkis tus txiv neej Nicolas Cugno.
• thawj txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau tau qhib hauv London xyoo 1863.
• USSR siv tsawg kawg yog 1,500 lab nyiaj daus las rau kev tsim lub tshuab locomotive P38.
• Lub davhlau ntev tshaj plaws hauv Guinness World Record pib hauv Moscow thiab xaus rau hauv Pyongyang. Tsheb ciav hlautaug kev tshaj 10,000 km.
• Muaj ntau qhov chaw uas koj tuaj yeem caij cov tsheb qub qub: Belgrave Chaw nres tsheb hauv Australia, Merichan Qab Zib Mill hauv Java Island, Heilongjiang Xeev hauv Suav teb, Earl's Court Metro Chaw nres tsheb hauv London, thiab Chaw nres tsheb loj hauv Lviv.