Kev xa hluav taws xob los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob mus rau cov neeg siv khoom

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Los ntawm qhov chaw ncaj qha ntawm tiam mus rau cov neeg siv khoom, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob dhau los ntawm ntau cov ntsiab lus thev naus laus zis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws cov neeg nqa khoom lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab nrog cov neeg xyuas pib yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem no. Nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev, lawv tsim ib tug ntau theem thiab complex system ntawm hluav taws xob kis tau tus mob, qhov twg cov neeg siv khoom yog qhov kawg txuas.

hluav taws xob tuaj qhov twg?

Thaum thawj theem ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob, tiam neeg tshwm sim, uas yog, kev tsim hluav taws xob. Rau qhov no, cov chaw nres tsheb tshwj xeeb yog siv uas tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm nws lwm qhov chaw. Thaum tshav kub kub, dej, tshav ntuj, cua thiab txawm lub ntiaj teb no yuav siv tau raws li tom kawg. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, lub tshuab hluav taws xob cov chaw nres tsheb yog siv los hloov cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los yog hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov nroj tsuag nuclear lossis thermal fais fab nroj tsuag, thiab windmills nrog hnub ciroj teeb. Rau kev xa hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv khoom feem ntau, tsuas yog siv peb hom chaw nres tsheb: nuclear fais fab nroj tsuag, thermal fais fab nroj tsuag thiab hydroelectric fais fab nroj tsuag. Raws li, nuclear, thermal thiab hydrological installation. Lawv tsim txog li 75-85% ntawm lub zog thoob ntiaj teb, txawm hais tias vim muaj kev lag luam thiab tshwj xeeb ib puag ncig, muaj kev loj hlob ntawm kev txo qis hauv qhov ntsuas no. Ib txoj kev lossis lwm qhov, nws yog cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob tseem ceeb uas tsim lub zog rau nws txuas ntxiv mus rau cov neeg siv khoom.

Network rau kev xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob

Kev thauj mus los ntawm lub zog tsim tawm yog ua los ntawm cov txheej txheem network, uas yog kev sib txuas ntawm ntau yam khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov qauv yooj yim rau kev xa hluav taws xob rau cov neeg siv khoom suav nrog transformers, converters thiab substations. Tab sis qhov chaw nyob hauv nws yog nyob los ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob uas txuas ncaj qha rau cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob, kev teeb tsa nruab nrab thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Tib lub sijhawm, kev sib txuas lus yuav txawv ntawm ib leeg - tshwj xeeb, los ntawm lub hom phiaj:

• Public networks. Muab khoom siv hauv tsev, kev lag luam, kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev thauj mus los.
• Kev sib txuas lus network rau kev siv hluav taws xob tswj hwm tus kheej. Muab lub zog rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv txawb, uas suav nrog dav hlau, nkoj, chaw nres tsheb tsis hloov pauv, thiab lwm yam.
• Networks rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntawm cov chaw ua haujlwm ua haujlwm thev naus laus zis. Nyob rau tib lub chaw tsim khoom, ntxiv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tseem ceeb, ib txoj kab yuav raug muab los tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb.khoom siv, conveyor, engineering cog, thiab lwm yam.
• Hu rau cov kab hluav taws xob. Cov tes hauj lwm tsim los xa hluav taws xob ncaj qha rau cov tsheb txav. Qhov no siv rau trams, locomotives, trolleybuses, thiab lwm yam.

Kev faib tawm ntawm kev sib txuas lus los ntawm qhov loj

Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog cov pob txha caj qaum txuas cov khoom tsim hluav taws xob nrog cov chaw siv thoob plaws lub tebchaws thiab cheeb tsam. Cov kev sib txuas lus zoo li no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub zog siab (hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm gigawatts) thiab qhov hluav taws xob. Nyob rau theem tom ntej, muaj cov kev sib txuas hauv cheeb tsam, uas yog cov ceg ntoo ntawm cov kab tseem ceeb thiab, dhau los, muaj cov me me offshoos lawv tus kheej. Los ntawm cov channel no, hluav taws xob tau xa mus thiab xa mus rau cov nroog, cheeb tsam, cov chaw thauj khoom loj thiab thaj chaw deb. Txawm hais tias cov tes hauj lwm ntawm cov caliber no tuaj yeem khav tau ntawm kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub zog, lawv qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog tsis nyob hauv qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev thauj mus los.

Nyob rau qib tom ntej yog cov cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam thiab sab hauv. Rau feem ntau, lawv kuj ua haujlwm ntawm kev faib hluav taws xob ntawm cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov koog tsev kawm ntawv tau raug pub ncaj qha los ntawm cov cheeb tsam hauv cheeb tsam, ua haujlwm rau cov cheeb tsam hauv nroog thiab cov zos network. Raws li kev sib koom tes sab hauv, lawv faib lub zog hauv peb lub hlis twg, lub zos, Hoobkas thiab cov khoom me me.

Substations hauv fais fab mov tes hauj lwm

Nruab nrab ntu ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob sib kis, cov tshuab hloov pauv tau teeb tsa hauv cov qauv ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb. Lawv lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau nce qhov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los ntawm kev txo qis tam sim no. Thiab tseem muaj cov kauj ruam-down nqis uas txo qhov tso zis voltage qhia nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm nce lub zog tam sim no. Qhov kev xav tau ntawm cov kev cai ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev mus rau cov neeg siv khoom yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau them nyiaj rau qhov poob ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo. Qhov tseeb yog tias kev xa hluav taws xob yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov xov hlau uas muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam hla, uas tsuas yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov tsis muaj corona tawm thiab lub zog ntawm cov tam sim no. Lub impossibility ntawm kev tswj lwm yam tsis ua rau qhov yuav tsum tau rau cov khoom siv tswj ntxiv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tib transformer. Tab sis muaj lwm qhov laj thawj vim li cas qhov hluav taws xob yuav tsum nce ntxiv ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub substation. Qhov ntsuas no siab dua, qhov ntxiv, tej zaum, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm lub zog kis tau tus mob thaum tuav lub zog muaj peev xwm.

Ntawm ntawm digital transformers

Niaj hnub nimno substation, tso cai rau digital tswj. Yog li, tus qauv hloov pauv ntawm hom no muab rau kev suav nrog cov khoom hauv qab no:

• chav tswj kev ua haujlwm. Cov neeg ua haujlwm khiav haujlwm, los ntawm lub davhlau ya nyob twg tshwj xeeb txuas nrog ntawm cov chaw taws teeb (qee zaum wireless), tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm chaw nres tsheb hauv hom hnyav thiab ib txwm muaj. Thov tauauxiliary pab kiag li lawm ntawm automation, thiab ceev kis tau tus mob ntawm commands txawv ntawm ob peb feeb mus rau teev.
• Anti-emergency control unit. Qhov module no tau qhib rau hauv rooj plaub muaj kev cuam tshuam muaj zog ntawm txoj kab. Piv txwv li, yog tias kev xa hluav taws xob los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob mus rau cov neeg siv khoom siv nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm cov txheej txheem electromechanical tsis tu ncua (nrog rau lub sijhawm kaw ntawm nws tus kheej lub zog, lub tshuab hluav taws xob, lub nra hnyav, thiab lwm yam).
• Relay tiv thaiv. Raws li txoj cai, lub module tsis siv neeg nrog lub hwj chim ywj pheej, nws cov npe ntawm cov dej num suav nrog kev tswj hwm hauv zos ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob los ntawm kev tshawb pom sai thiab cais qhov tsis raug ntawm lub network.

Kev pabcuam hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab hluav taws xob

Lub substation, ntxiv rau lub transformer thaiv, muab rau lub xub ntiag ntawm disconnectors, separators, ntsuas thiab lwm yam khoom siv ntxiv. Lawv tsis cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev tswj hwm txoj haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm los ntawm lub neej ntawd. Txhua qhov kev teeb tsa no yog tsim los ua cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb:

• Lub disconnector qhib / kaw lub hwj chim Circuit Court yog tias tsis muaj load ntawm lub hwj chim xov hlau.
• Lub tshuab cais tau txiav tawm lub tshuab hloov pauv ntawm lub network rau lub sijhawm xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm kub ntxhov ntawm substation. Tsis zoo li cov tswj module, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, kev hloov mus rau lub sij hawm thaum muaj xwm ceev ntawm lub lag luam yog nqa tawm mechanically.
• ntsuas cov cuab yeej ntsuas qhov hluav taws xob thiab cov vectors tam sim no uas hluav taws xob xa tawm los ntawm qhov chaw mus rau cov neeg siv khoom hauvcov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm. Cov no kuj yog cov cuab yeej siv tsis siv neeg uas txhawb nqa kev suav ntawm kev ntsuas metrological yuam kev.

Teeb meem hauv kev xa hluav taws xob hluav taws xob

Thaum kev teeb tsa thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, muaj ntau yam teeb meem ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab kev lag luam. Piv txwv li, twb tau hais tam sim no lub hwj chim poob vim tsis kam nyob rau hauv conductors yog suav hais tias yog qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm hom no. Qhov txiaj ntsig no tau them nyiaj los ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv, tab sis nws, dhau los, xav tau kev saib xyuas. Kev saib xyuas ntawm lub network infrastructure, los ntawm cov hluav taws xob xa mus rau qhov deb, yog, hauv paus ntsiab lus, kim. Nws xav tau ob qho tib si cov khoom siv thiab cov peev txheej tsim nyog, uas thaum kawg cuam tshuam rau kev nce nqi rau cov neeg siv hluav taws xob. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov cuab yeej siv tshiab kawg, cov khoom siv rau cov neeg siv khoom thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tswj xyuas tseem tso cai kom txo tau ib feem ntawm cov nqi khiav haujlwm.

Tus neeg siv hluav taws xob yog leej twg?

Rau qhov loj, qhov yuav tsum tau muaj rau kev siv hluav taws xob yog txiav txim los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm no, kev tsim khoom lag luam, kev siv pej xeem, cov tuam txhab thauj, cov tswv ntawm lub teb chaws cottages, cov neeg nyob hauv ntau lub tsev hauv nroog, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem ua. Raws li qhov kev ntsuas no, txhua txoj kev xa hluav taws xob xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom ntawm ntau pawg tuaj yeem ua taumuab faib ua peb hom:

• Up to 5 MW.
• From 5 to 75 MW.
• Txog 75 rau 1 txhiab MW.

Zaj lus

Tau kawg, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob saum toj no yuav ua tsis tiav yam tsis muaj tus tswj hwm ncaj qha ntawm cov txheej txheem kev faib hluav taws xob. Cov neeg koom nrog kev lag luam wholesale hluav taws xob uas muaj daim ntawv tso cai muab kev pabcuam tsim nyog ua raws li lub tuam txhab muab khoom. Kev pom zoo rau cov kev pabcuam xa hluav taws xob tau xaus nrog lub koom haum muag hluav taws xob lossis lwm tus neeg muag khoom uas lav cov khoom siv nyob rau hauv lub sijhawm them nqi. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov dej num ntawm kev tswj hwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub network infrastructure, uas muab cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb raws li daim ntawv cog lus, yuav nyob rau hauv lub tuam tsev ntawm lub koom haum thib peb sib txawv kiag li. Tib yam siv rau qhov chaw tsim hluav taws xob.