Pipeline welding: technology

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Thaum muab lub tsev los yog kho lub tsev, koj tuaj yeem tso cov kav dej ntawm koj tus kheej. Yog tias peb tab tom tham txog kev sib txuas lus steel, ces koj tuaj yeem siv hluav taws xob vuam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws tuaj yeem tau txais kev sib txuas muaj zog, uas tau txais los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov txheej txheem thermochemical, thaum siv cov electrodes conductive.

Txawm qhov vuam ua haujlwm li cas, lawv xav tau kev paub thiab kev paub los ntawm tus tswv, uas yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Yog tias koj nyuam qhuav kawm, ces koj tuaj yeem xub paub txog qhov theoretical sab ntawm qhov teeb meem. Raws li nrog cov hlau, polypropylene piping kuj xav tau cov khoom siv vuam tsim nyog. Txawm li cas los xij, kev xyaum qhia tau hais tias cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no yooj yim dua li qhov tau tham hauv kab lus.

Kev npaj ua ntej ua haujlwm

Pipeline welding pib nrog kev npaj nto. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub tseeb tias nws qhuav thiab txawm. Cov kauj ruam tom ntej yog xaiv lub hwj chim. Qhov no cuam tshuam rau kev kawm zoo. Nws yuavyog compact inverter los yog hnyav transformers. Nrog lawv cov kev pab, qhov hluav taws xob siab tuaj yeem hloov mus rau qhov tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob hauv qhov hluav taws xob thib ob.

Rau kev ua haujlwm hauv tsev, kev vuam hluav taws xob yuav yog qhov kev xaiv tshaj plaws. Lub transformer yog yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm tsis ua haujlwm thiab kev ua siab ntev. Cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob muaj qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tsawg dua, ntxiv rau, nws tso cai rau koj los kho cov haujlwm ua haujlwm.

Ntau yam ntawm cov welded pob qij txha

Cov pob qij txha hauv qab no tau siv niaj hnub no hauv cov kav dej vuam:

• pob;
• overlap;
• pob sib koom;
• T-joint.

Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, txoj hauj lwm ntawm seam tuaj yeem yog ntsug lossis kab rov tav, nrog rau qab nthab lossis hauv qab. Txoj hauj lwm qis tshaj plaws yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, yog li ntawd, yog tias rov vuam tau, txoj kev no yuav tsum nyiam dua. Vuam ntawm cov kav dej thaum tso kev sib txuas lus feem ntau yog siv lub pob tw. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nqa tawm cov npoo ntawm tag nrho cov thickness. Rau cov kav dej tuab, ob chav seams yog ua - sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Txhawm rau txo cov hlau nkag los ntawm sab hauv, thaum ua haujlwm, lub electrode yuav tsum tuav ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 ° rau lub dav hlau kab rov tav.

Dab tsi tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov thaum npaj

Ua ntej pib kev tuav vuam, yuav tsum tau npaj. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los xyuas qhov ua raws li cov kav dej nrog cov kev cai. Cov khoomyuav tsum sib haum mus rau qhov ntev, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob deformed, lawv yuav tsum tsis muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm phab ntsa thickness.

Cov khoom siv yeeb nkab yuav tsum phim cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ntug yuav tsum tsis muaj av thiab xeb. Lub pob tw yog ntsuas, ib yam li lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov qhib ntawm ntug, nrog rau tus nqi ntawm blunting. Raws li cov qauv, tus nqi ntawm blunting tuaj yeem sib npaug ntawm qhov txwv ntawm 2 mus rau 2.5 hli. Raws li rau lub kaum sab xis, nws tuaj yeem yog 70 °. Yog tias qhov tsis sib xws tau raug txheeb xyuas, ces nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm ntawm cov npoo.

Kev txhim kho tacks

Vuam txheej txheem kav dej yuav tsum koom nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm tacks. Lawv yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov seam, thiab ib qho electrode yog siv rau kev tua, uas yuav siv tau thaum ua cov seam. Yog hais tias peb tab tom tham txog cov kav dej uas nws txoj kab uas hla tsis tshaj 300 mm, ces 4 tacks yog tsim, lawv yuav tsum tau muab faib nyob ib ncig ntawm lub voj voog kom sib npaug li sai tau.

Thaum koj yuav tsum ua haujlwm nrog cov yeeb nkab ntawm txoj kab uas hla zoo dua, cov tacks nyob hauv qhov nce ntawm 250 hli. Qhov pom zoo ntev ntawm tack yog 50mm thaum nws dav yog 4mm.

Txhim kho hluav taws xob vuam

Kev vuam ntawm cov kav dej yuav tsum tau ua raws li qee qhov algorithm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas cov pob qij txha tig. Yog tias koj yuav tsum ua noj hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj, ces koj yuav tsum khaws daim iav me me ntawm tes. Yog tias xav tau, ces kawgCov electrode yuav tsum tau khoov, ua haujlwm nrog qhov tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.

Ib qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws yog vuam ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 30 ° rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom. Lub overlay ntawm ib lub seam nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yog nqa tawm ntawm lub voj voog. Nws tuaj yeem ua ib txheej ntawm cov pob qij txha ntawm cov khoom siv hlau uas tsis tshua muaj hlau. Lub zog ntxiv tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm thib ob. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws phab ntsa ntawm cov yeeb nkab, yuav tsum tau hla ntau dua, yuav tsum muaj 2 lossis ntau dua.

Cov kav dej loj yuav tsum tau welded hauv ib lub voj voog. Lawv kev sib txuas yog nqa mus txog ib nrab ntawm cov seam. Tom qab ntawd cov ntu raug ntxuav ntawm slag thiab npog nrog cov seam tom ntej ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1.5 cm los ntawm yav dhau los. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ua kom tiav cov hauj lwm los ntawm kev sib txuas cov weld nrog me ntsis sib tshooj. Nws tsis pom zoo kom ua haujlwm yam tsis muaj kev tshem tawm slag, vim nws yuav tsis ua haujlwm kom tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

Quality check

Thaum welding pipelines, nyob rau theem kawg koj yuav tsum xyuas kom meej tias qhov zoo ntawm cov welds zoo meej. Tsis pom cov kab nrib pleb tuaj yeem tshawb pom siv cov tshuaj soapy, uas yog siv nrog txhuam rau cov pob qij txha welded. Cua yog ces nkag rau hauv lub system. Yog tias muaj cov seams tsis tiav lossis qhov chaw, koj tuaj yeem pom lawv los ntawm cov npuas.

Tig vuam txoj kev

Vuam ntawm cov txheej txheem kav dej feem ntau suav nrog ntau tus lej ntawm cov welds ua nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm nqes. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias txoj kev sib hloov yuav siv tau. Yog hais tias cov yeeb nkab muaj thicknessphab ntsa mus txog 12 mm, ces ib tug triple seam yuav ua tau. Thawj txheej yog welded nrog ib tug electrode, lub thickness ntawm tus pas nrig uas txawv ntawm 2 mus rau 4 hli. Tag nrho cov txheej tom ntej tuaj yeem welded nrog electrodes ntawm ib txoj kab uas loj dua.

Pib, qhov sib koom ua ke yuav tsum muab faib ua 4 ntu. Vuam yog ua nyob rau hauv thawj thiab thib ob sectors, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Upper ib feem ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Tom qab ntawd cov yeeb nkab tig, thiab tus tswv yuav tsum ua kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke raws li peb thiab plaub ntu. Cov yeeb nkab nyob rau theem tom ntej yuav tsum tig rov qab thiab boiled 1 thiab 2 sectors. Thaum rov qab tig, txheej thib ob yog siv rau hauv ntu 3 thiab 4. Cov txheej txheem kawg yuav tsum tau siv rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia, thaum cov yeeb nkab yuav tsum tig txhua lub sijhawm.

tsis siv neeg vuam

Cov txheej txheem vuam kav dej tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv kev tsim khoom loj, qhov kev tsim khoom siab yog qhov tseem ceeb. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, kev tuav vuam yuav ua haujlwm hnyav, yog li vuam tshuab siv rau kev ua haujlwm. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem yuav ua tiav.

Vuam yog ua los ntawm vuam hlau, uas tsis muaj mob los ntawm lub kauj thiab pub rau hauv qhov chaw ua haujlwm. Cov roj tiv thaiv kuj tau txais kev nkag mus rau thaj chaw ua haujlwm. Yog tias kev ua haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau, siv cov vuam semi-automatic.

lwm txoj kev vuam

Vuam thiab kev teeb tsa cov kav dej tuaj yeem nqa tau siv roj vuam. Txoj kev no suav nrog cua sov cov npoo mus rau qhov chaw melting. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov pas nrig muab tub lim yog yaj, nrog rau cov hlau siv los sau cov seam. Raws li qhov tshwm simnws muaj peev xwm tau txais ib tug txaus seam uas yuav muaj ib tug protruding hlaws.

Gas vuam yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm oxygen thiab acetylene. Cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb yog lub teeb thiab lub tshuab txiav. Lub cev ntawm thawj zaug muaj ob txoj hauv kev los ntawm cov pa roj nkag mus rau hauv chav sib xyaw. Tus tswv tib lub sijhawm tswj cov khoom siv roj thaum vuam cov khoom sib txawv.

Vuam ntawm cov kav dej steel kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav siv txoj kev induction. Cov tshuab no suav nrog cua sov cov ntsiab lus nrog eddy tam sim no. Cov npoo yog txuas nrog lub siab rollers. Hom vuam no yog siv hauv kev tsim khoom thiab engineering.

Cov lus pom zoo rau kev xaiv electrodes

Thaum vuam kav, GOST 16037-80 yuav tsum tau ua raws. Lawv kuj tau sau cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev xaiv cov electrodes. Cov tom kawg yog hlau rods ua los ntawm welding hlau. Nws thickness tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 2 mus rau 5 hli. Qhov saum npoo yog them nrog txheej txheej, uas yog siv rau hauv ib txheej tuab lossis nyias. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, qhov loj ntawm lub txheej nws txawv ntawm 1 mus rau 2% ntawm qhov loj ntawm tus pas nrig. Yog tias peb tham txog txheej tuab, ces nws qhov loj tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 20 mus rau 30%.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm txheej txheej yog tsim cov slag, uas muaj daim ntawv ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj hlau tsis muaj qhov hnyav piv rau cov hlau. Slag floats mus rau sab saum toj thaum lub sij hawm vuam, tsim ib tug tiv thaiv txheej. Tom qab txuas cov kav dej los ntawm kev vuam, cov slag yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg. Thaum cov crust ua nkig, nws tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm yooj yim.

Electrodes niaj hnub no yog tsim nrog sib txawvhom coatings, tom kawg uas yog tsim los daws cov teeb meem tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, cellulose txheej yog siv los welding pipelines ntawm impressive txoj kab uas hla. Nrog kev pab los ntawm xws li electrodes, nws muaj peev xwm tsim ib ncig thiab ntsug seams.

Ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nrog cov rutile txheej, uas yooj yim ignited thiab tsim cov slag crust heev. Nrog kev pab los ntawm xws li electrodes, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tsim kev lag luam seams, ces kaum seams, nruab tacks thiab weld cag seams. Qhov no tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev sib txuas nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj.

Pipeline vuam tshuab tuaj yeem koom nrog kev siv rutile-acid coated electrodes. Cov khoom no yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev yooj yim ntawm tev, thiab kev noj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg, uas tso cai rau kev txuag. Lub rutile-cellulose txheej yog tsim rau seaming nyob rau hauv txhua txoj hauj lwm, uas tuaj yeem raug coj mus rau sab saud, uas yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws.

High viscosity seam tuaj yeem tau txais nrog cov txheej txheem electrode. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj peev xwm tsim cov pob qij txha uas tsis tawg. Cov khoom siv tau zoo heev rau kev ua haujlwm nrog cov kav dej tuab thiab cov khoom siv uas yuav ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj.

Kho los ntawm vuam

Koj tuaj yeem kho cov kav dej los ntawm kev vuam. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, qhov chaw tsis raug yuav tsum tau muab ntxuav kom huv. tuaj yeem ntxuav nrog sandblasting, abrasive log, grinders thiab disc hlau txhuam.

Kho los ntawm vuam cuam tshuam nrog surfacing ntawm qhov chaw puas. Kev puas tsuajtej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm corrosion, nto tej zaum yuav khawb, burred thiab notched. Txhawm rau kom paub meej cov phab ntsa tuab, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua qhov ntsuas thiab qhov muag pom. Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev ntxiv uas yuav tsis raug puas tsuaj yog txais tau.

Qhov tsis xws luag nrog qhov tob ntawm 0.2 hli tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev sib tsoo. Cov kev cai rau kev sib txuas cov kav dej nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no yuav tsum tau siv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov electrodes nrog lub ntsiab hom txheej. Rau welding thawj filling seam, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov electrodes nrog ib txoj kab uas hla mus txog 3.2 hli. Rau kev tig ntsej muag thiab sau cov pob qij txha, lub electrode txoj kab uas hla tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 3 mus rau 4 hli.

Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm cov kav dej vuam cuam tshuam nrog kev sib tsoo ntawm electrodes. Nws tuaj yeem siv electrodes calcined nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ruaj khov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv yuav tsum tau xa mus rau qhov chaw tsim khoom hauv cov thawv ntim khoom kaw. Kev khaws cov electrodes raws li lub xeev cov qauv yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv cov chav qhuav qhuav, qhov kub tsis poob qis dua +15 ° C.

Qhov chaw tsis raug yuav tsum tau ua kom sov nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ua ntej vuam. Koj tuaj yeem siv txoj kev induction, uas ua kom cov cua sov tsis sib xws. Kev siv cov pa taws los yog cov cua sov tuaj yeem tso cai. Vuam tuaj yeem ua tiav siv txoj kev inverter. Surfacing yog nqa tawm nrog ncaj qha tam sim no ntawm rov qab polarity.

Lub arc yog ignited ntawm cov npoo ntawm cov qauv ntawm qhov chaw puas. Vuam ntawm filling txheejrectilinear los yog puag ncig cov duab yog nqa los ntawm ib tug nqaim roller. Cov txheej txheem siv yog counter-symmetric. Cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev txav mus los hauv txhua lub seam tom ntej yuav tsum tau los. Qhov dav ntawm kev sau thawj txheej tuaj yeem sib txawv ntawm 4 mus rau 6 hli. Tag nrho cov txheej tom ntej muaj qhov dav ntawm 8 txog 10 hli.

Zaj lus

Yog tias koj muaj cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, koj tuaj yeem txuas cov kav dej ntawm koj tus kheej. Txawm li cas los xij, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xaiv cov electrodes kom raug, thaum coj mus rau hauv tus account cov khoom ntawm cov khoom uas underlie cov kav dej. Piv txwv li, txhawm rau koom nrog cov yeeb nkab carbon steel, koj yuav tsum khaws cov khoom siv vuam nrog cov txheej txheem los yog rutile.

Yog tias cov seams tau tsim los ntawm cov kav hlau galvanized, ces electrodes yuav tsum tau npaj rau vuam galvanized kav. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm vuam thaum ua hauj lwm nrog galvanized kav yog lub boiling point ntawm zinc. Nws yog qis dua qhov uas muaj tseeb rau steel. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias cov zinc txheej yuav evaporate thaum rhuab.