FSUE GKNPTs im. Khrunichev. Roscosmos. Khrunichev State Space Research thiab Production Center

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Federal State Unitary Enterprise GKNPTs im. Khrunichev, tsim nyob rau hauv 1993 los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub teb chaws ob lub lag luam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw lag luam - Salyut Design Bureau thiab lub Khrunichev Tshuab-Lub tsev cog, yuav tsum tsis txhob tsuas yog khaws cia thiab ntxiv dag zog rau lub scientific thiab technical peev xwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov sib txawv tej yam kev mob. lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam, tab sis kuj nce kev ua haujlwm tau zoo rau qhov uas nws yuav tso cai rau koj nkag mus rau hauv lub ntiaj teb chaw lag luam.

Kev sib koom ua ke

Ib lub tswv yim tau tsim los rau kev txhim kho tag nrho lub ntsej muag ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw lag luam, ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb tau tsim, uas tau pom zoo los ntawm tsoomfwv Lavxias, los hloov kho thiab txhim kho cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex hauv Xyoo 2001. Nws yog nyob rau hauv raws li qhov no qhov loj tshaj plawsintegrated qauv raws li GKNPTs im. Khrunichev - los tsim thiab tsim cov chav kawm hnyav ntawm kev tso tsheb.

Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev koom ua ke yog txhawm rau khaws tag nrho cov kev tshawb fawb, txuj ci thiab kev tsim khoom lag luam uas twb muaj lawm txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom tiav ntawm tsoomfwv cov lus txib, uas tau muab los ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Chaw Haujlwm.

Kev ua raws cai

Nyob rau xyoo 2007, tus thawj tswj hwm txiav txim siab tau tshwm sim hais txog tsoomfwv lub xeev lub koomhaum koom ua haujlwm. GKNPTs kuv. Khrunichev tau ua haujlwm rau kaum lub hlis ntawm kev txhim kho thiab koom nrog plaub lub koomhaum tseemfwv hauv lub xeev cov koomhaum ua haujlwm ua haujlwm, uas Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ua Haujlwm Hauv Tebchaws thiab Lub Chaw Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg Hauv Lub Tebchaws tau muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb.

Isaev, tus thawj tswj hwm txiav txim siab tau ua tiav.

Lub zog

Txawm li cas los xij, hauv 2008 GKNPTs kuv. Khrunichev tau txais kev tswj hwm ceg txheem ntseeg hauv Perm tuam txhab Proton-PM. Nws tsim RD-276 - kua-propellant foob pob ua ntxaij cav siv los ua lub zog cog rau thawj theem ntawm Proton-M tso tsheb (hnyav chav kawm). Thiab nyob rau hauv 2009, rau GKNPTs im. Khrunichev, los ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm tsab cai lij choj tom ntej, tau txais kev koom nrog hauv Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tsim Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob - tus thawj coj hauv ntiaj teb hauv kev tsim cov foob pob hluav taws cav,koom nrog tag nrho cov kev pab cuam chaw manned ntawm peb lub teb chaws.

Qhov no yog ib qho ntawm cov niaj hnub tshaj plaws, cov koom haum tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim khoom zoo heev, muaj peev xwm muab tag nrho lub voj voog ntawm kev tsim lub tshuab foob pob hluav taws ua kua (LRE) rau kev tiv thaiv, kev tshawb fawb thiab kev lag luam hauv lub tebchaws - qhov no yog Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tsim Qauv ntawm Chemical Automation. Raws li ib feem ntawm Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Xeev Unitary Enterprise GKNPTs lawv. M. V. Khrunichev KBKhA, nws tsim lub cav zoo tshaj plaws, txhim kho RD-0124A, uas yog siv los ua theem thib ob thiab thib peb ntawm qhov kawg ntawm Lavxias teb sab tso tsheb. Angara, piv txwv li, tso lub dav hlau hnyav-chav kawm mus rau hauv lub orbit los ntawm Lavxias teb sab spaceports.

History and geography

Nyob rau xyoo 2011, tau tshaj tawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lavxias Federation, raws li Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Xeev Unitary Enterprise GKNPTs im. M. V. Khrunichev tau txais ib ceg tshiab - Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Lub Xeev Unitary Enterprise "Ust-Katav Carriage Works muaj npe tom qab Kirov". Tam sim no lub chaw chaw muaj xws li, ntxiv rau cov saum toj no, kuj RKZ (Rocket thiab Space Plant), Design Bureau Salyut, ZERKT (Nroj tsuag rau kev khiav hauj lwm ntawm Rocket thiab Space Equipment), ZMT thiab TNP (Nroj tsuag ntawm cov cuab yeej kho mob thiab cov neeg siv khoom).

Tag nrho Khrunichev State Chaw Tshawb Fawb thiab Chaw Tsim Khoom muaj cuaj ceg hauv xya thaj chaw sib txawv, suav nrog tag nrho lub tebchaws - qhov no yog Moscow thiab cheeb tsam - Moscow, Vladimir, Chelyabinsk, Omsk, Arkhangelsk, Voronezh, thiab tam sim no hauv Crimea.

ZMT thiab cov khoom siv

Cov nroj tsuag no tau tsim nyob rau thaum ntxov nineties thiab tau raug hu los ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov thev naus laus zis rauntau lawm ntawm science-intensive high-zoo cov khoom ntawm cov khoom kho mob, qhov twg qhov tseem ceeb yog apparatus thiab cov khoom rau resuscitation, departments ntawm hyperbaric oxygenation thiab hypoxia. Piv txwv li, ib lub rooj zaum oxygen siab chambers raug tsim los ntawm no, txhim khu kev qha, zoo li txhua lub foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw siv tshuab. Lub hauv paus txheej txheem tshwj xeeb thiab ua tiav kev ua tiav ntev ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog hauv daim teb no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm txhim kho, npaj ntau lawm thiab tsim cov khoom siv kho mob tshwj xeeb hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws, xws li barosystems BLKS-307, BLKS-303MK, BLKS-301M.

Kev ntseeg siab ntawm cov khoom no yog ua tiav ob qho tib si los ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab los ntawm kev tswj hwm, uas yog qhov tsim nyog hauv kev tsim cov cuab yeej technology. Lub Hoobkas no nyob ntawm: Moscow, Novozavodskaya txoj kev, 18.

ZERKT

Nyob ze yog ib tsob nroj uas ua haujlwm foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw siv tshuab. Nws cov haujlwm tseem ceeb yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Kev npaj rau kev tso tsheb thauj mus los (launch tsheb) ntawm chaw nres nkoj.
2. Ntawm no lawv tsim thiab ua haujlwm ntawm cosmodromes technical complexes rau ILV (chaw missiles) "Rokot" thiab "Proton".
3. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag npaj thiab koom nrog kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev kho dua tshiab thiab rov tsim kho dua tshiabSC (launch complexes) ntawm Lavxias teb sab cosmodromes ("Rokot" thiab "Proton").
4. Ntawm no yog kev tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Angara space rocket complex.

Kev tswj cov nroj tsuag thiab kev tswj cov nroj tsuag nyob hauv Moscow (Novozavodskaya txoj kev), nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Khrunichev State Research thiab Production Center. Hauv Kazakhstan, lub hauv paus kev sim davhlau yog nyob ntawm Baikonur cosmodrome. Tsis tas li ntawd hauv cheeb tsam Arkhangelsk muaj qhov thib ob lub davhlau sim hauv Plesetsk cosmodrome.

RKZ

Roskosmos cov tuam txhab yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm puv ntoob yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv siab zoo li lub foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw cog qoob loo. Cov technologies ntawm no yog cov tshaj plaws thiab kev tshawb fawb-intensive, ze ze rau kev tsim khoom.

khoom, kev kuaj pneumovacuum hauv txhua daim ntawv thiab ntau lwm yam. Xws li ntau yam kev ua haujlwm yog muab los ntawm cov khoom lag luam, qhov twg lwm cov tuam txhab Roscosmos kuj koom nrog.

Txhua qhov kev tsim tawm no muaj daim ntawv pov thawj thiab tso cai rau cov khoom kom tau txais cov chav kawm siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ntseeg siab thiab zoo. Ntawm cov nroj tsuag no, tsis tsuas yog tsim cov khoom raws li npaj-ua drawings, tab sis kuj tsim kev specifications,tsim nws tus kheej tag nrho cov cuab yeej siv ntawm cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis uas twb muaj lawm.

foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw lag luam

Lub tuam txhab Lavxias "Roskosmos", uas tswj hwm tag nrho cov chaw lag luam hauv lub tebchaws, tau tsim los ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm tsoomfwv chaw haujlwm. Thiab nws txoj kev stellar pib hauv USSR Ministry of General Mechanical Engineering, tom qab ntawd muaj ntau yam kev tsim kho tshiab, kev koom ua ke nrog cov lag luam thiab cov koom haum tshawb fawb uas tseem yog ib feem ntawm nws. Feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw tshawb nrhiav thiab kev ua siab ntev tau tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm Soviet.

Lub chaw haujlwm Roscosmos nyob hauv Moscow, Lub Chaw Tswj Xyuas Lub Hom Phiaj nyob hauv Korolev, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau npaj hauv Star City. Ob lub nroog yog nyob ncaj qha rau hauv Moscow. Roskosmos kuj siv peb cosmodromes: Plesetsk, Vostochny thiab Baikonur. Kev koom tes nrog cov chaw haujlwm ntawm lwm lub tebchaws tau ua tiav qhov chaw, lawv cov satellites raug xa mus rau hauv lub voj voog, cosmonauts thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau ua haujlwm ua ke ntawm ISS, thiab Roscosmos tab tom xa cov neeg txawv tebchaws mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb. Tag nrho cov foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw lag luam yog subordinate rau lub koom haum no.

Symbols

Lub sijhawm Soviet ntawm Ministry of General Machine Building yog qhov tshwj xeeb. Russia tau dhau los ua lub zog ntawm qhov chaw tiag tiag ua tsaug rau thawj lub xov tooj cua tsim tawm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1957, cov duab ntawm cov neeg siab tawv astronaut dev Belka thiabCov xub ya thoob ntiaj teb thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1957. Thaum kawg, lub Plaub Hlis 1961 tuaj, thaum thawj tus txiv neej ya mus rau hauv qhov chaw - Yuri Gagarin. Nws tsis muaj kev xyiv fab tsawg dua los kawm hauv 1965 tias Alexei Leonov, thawj zaug hauv ntiaj teb, tau tawm ntawm lub nkoj mus rau sab nraud. Thiab tom qab ntawd lub dav hlau Buran thiab lub chaw nres tsheb Mir orbital mus rau hauv qhov chaw.

Xyoo 1991, kev ua haujlwm tau hloov pauv vim yog kev sib tsoo ntawm USSR thiab txij li lub taub hau ntawm kev ua haujlwm tau koom nrog Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Xwm Ceev. Ib feem ntawm cov khoom ntawm qhov chaw lag luam tau xaus rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lwm lub xeev. Kev kub ntxhov nyiaj txiag tsis tau tso cai rau kev siv cov qauv kev tswj hwm yav dhau los nrog kev sib tw ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab khoom siv. Ministry of General Engineering raug tshem tawm. Xyoo 1992, RSA (Lavxias teb sab Chaw Haujlwm) tau tsim, ncaj qha subordinate rau tsoom fwv ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation nrog ntau tshaj ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm ob puas thiab nees nkaum neeg.

Space tourism

Nyiaj pab rau kev tshawb fawb chaw nyob hauv qhov tsis txaus, yog li pom muaj lwm txoj kev daws teeb meem rau qhov teeb meem no. Txhawb nqa kev lag luam hauv chaw ncig xyuas. Xyoo 2001, muaj rau caum-xyoo-laus Dennis Tito raug xa mus rau hauv qhov chaw ua lag luam, thiab tom qab ntawd xya tus neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi los ntawm cov neeg nplua nuj heev. Thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, lub chaw nres tsheb Mir tau ua haujlwm tawm nws lub sijhawm faib peb zaug thiab poob rau hauv Dej Hiav Txwv South Pacific.

Nyob rau xyoo 2010, kev tsim kho ntawm Vostochny cosmodrome tau pib, thiab rau lub hlis tom qab cov neeg pib siv cov kev pabcuam dawb - Roscosmos Geoportal. Los ntawm 2015, lub tuam txhab tsim tshiab hauv xeev pib thim tawmkev kub ntxhov ntawm lub xyoo tom qab perestroika. Kev tsim kho tshiab koom nrog tshem tawm cov cwj pwm ntawm lub nineties - lub opacity ntawm nyiaj txiag thiab kev tswj schemes, txawm yog tswv cuab, uas tshwm sim nyob txhua qhov chaw los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Minobshchemash. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm Roskosmos tau nthuav dav heev. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2016, thawj zaug tso tawm los ntawm Vostochny cosmodrome tau tshwm sim.

Main Tasks

Roskosmos Corporation xyuas kom muaj kev ua raws li lub xeev txoj cai, kev cai lij choj, muab kev pabcuam thiab tswj cov khoom ntiag tug los ntawm lub xeev hauv thaj chaw ua haujlwm.

Kev koom tes thoob ntiaj teb tau ua tiav, cov phiaj xwm sib koom ua ke thiab cov haujlwm tau ua tiav, kev ua haujlwm tau ua rau cov khoom siv tub rog cuam tshuam nrog foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw, nrog rau cov khoom siv tub rog zoo. Yog li, parity thiab superiority tshaj geopolitical tw yog guaranteed.