Solder rau soldering tooj liab, txhuas, tooj dag, hlau, stainless hlau. Solder muaj pes tsawg leeg rau soldering. Hom solders rau soldering

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Thaum nws yuav tsum tau ua kom ruaj khov ntau yam khoom sib txuas ua ke, soldering feem ntau xaiv rau qhov no. Cov txheej txheem no tau nthuav dav hauv ntau lub lag luam. Cov kws ua zaub mov hauv tsev kuj yuav tsum tau solder.

Qhov kev ua haujlwm no pab tsis tau tsuas yog thaum lub TV lossis lub khoos phis tawj tsis raug txiav txim, thiab txhawm rau kho nws yuav tsum tau hloov cov microcircuit lossis nti. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov txheej txheem no, cov khoom siv tub yees, kev lag luam tshuab tau rov qab los. Soldering pab yog tias koj xav tau kev sib txuas nruj. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov ntaub ntawv tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lwm txoj hauv kev.

Aluminium, tooj liab, tooj dag tsis tuaj yeem koom nrog vuam. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha, nrog rau kev sib txuas nruj, koj yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog cov cuab yeej zoo thiab cov txuj ci tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj tsim cov khoom siv - solders thiab fluxes rau soldering.

Solder alloys thiab flux hom raug xaiv nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas koj yuav tau ua haujlwm. Piv txwv li, thaum ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv txhuasyuav tsum muaj qhov sib txawv flux tshaj qhov haum rau tooj liab lossis nyiaj. Hauv qab no peb yuav saib cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv thiab xaiv qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau txoj haujlwm.

Solder Solder Ntsiab Nta

Ntau yam hlau alloys siv raws li nws. Kuj tseem muaj cov txheej txheem raws li cov hlau ntshiab. Txhawm rau kom cov solder tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem tsim cov kev sib txuas zoo, cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum sib txawv ntawm qee qhov zoo.

Nyob zoo

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, txhua yam ntawm cov khoom siv yuav tsum muaj kev ntub dej zoo heev. Yog tsis muaj tus yam ntxwv no, cov khoom yuav tsum tau soldered yooj yim yuav tsis muaj peev xwm sib cuag nrog ib leeg. Wettability yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim zoo li no thaum lub zog ntawm daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom thiab cov kua yog siab dua li cov kua molecules. Yog tias muaj qhov ntub dej, cov kua yuav kis mus rau saum npoo thiab nkag mus rau txhua qhov kab noj hniav. Yog li, yog hais tias lub solder rau soldering tsis ntub, piv txwv li, tooj liab, ces nws yuav siv tsis tau nrog no hlau. Cov hlau lead ntshiab tsis yog siv rau soldering. Nws cov yam ntxwv wetting yog qhov tsis zoo thiab tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog kev sib koom ua ke zoo.

melting point

Txawm li cas los xij ntawm cov solder, qhov kub uas nws pib yaj yuav tsum tau qis dua qhov melting ntawm cov ntaub ntawv soldered. Nws kuj yuav tsum siab tshaj qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov chaw.

Thaum tham txog lub melting point, ob lub ntsiab lus yog txhais. Qhov no yog tus nqi uas cov fusible Cheebtsam yuav pibcov txheej txheem melting, thiab qhov tsawg kawg nkaus qhov twg cov hlau yuav tig mus rau hauv cov kua. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qhov kub no yog hu ua crystallization interval. Yog hais tias qhov taw tes ntawm soldering nyob rau hauv qhov sib txawv, ces txawm me me txhua yam loads ntawm ib feem tuaj yeem rhuav tshem cov qauv ntawm solder kiag li. Nyob rau hauv xws li kev sib txuas, siab fragility thiab kuj yuav raug sau tseg. Nco ntsoov qhov tseem ceeb: tsis txhob ua haujlwm ntawm kev sib koom ua ke kom txog rau thaum lub solder tau crystallized tag.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov solders

Txhua yam thiab hom alloy, txawm li cas los xij nws siv nrog, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov hlau hnyav lossis lwm yam tshuaj lom ntau tshaj qhov tsim nyog. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov solder sib phim cov khoom ntawm cov khoom kom ze li sai tau. Txwv tsis pub, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem tau txais kev sib txuas ruaj ntseg. Yuav pom qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntau dhau.

Txhua yam solder, tsis hais hom thiab lub hom phiaj, yuav tsum ua kom sov siab. Tsis tas li ntawd solder rau soldering yuav tsum muaj hluav taws xob stability. Lub coefficient ntawm thermal expansion thiab thermal conductivity yuav tsum tau muab rau hauv tus account. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob sib txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb uas siv rau cov khoom siv soldered.

Nyob ntawm solders rau soldering

Txhua yam uas twb muaj lawm rau kev ua haujlwm no tau muab faib ua mos, lossis fusible, qhov chaw melting mus txog 450 degrees Celsius, thiab nyuaj. Ntawm no nws tseem ceeb tshaj tus nqi saum toj no.

Nyob zoo

Tin-txhuas alloys nrog cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm cov khoom. Txhawm rau muab cov khoom tsim nyog tus yam ntxwv, ntau yam khoom xyaw ntxiv tuaj yeem muab ntxiv rau qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom siv rau soldering. Piv txwv li, bismuth thiab cadmium yog siv los txo qhov melting point. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm antimony nce lub zog ntawm lub brazed sib koom.

Alloys ntawm txhuas thiab tin muaj qhov melting point thiab tsis muaj zog. Lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv rau qhov chaw uas nws txoj haujlwm cuam tshuam txog kev thauj khoom hnyav. Cov solders no kuj tsis pom zoo yog tias qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov chaw yuav tsum siab tshaj 100 ° C. Yog tias koj yuav tsum tau solder loaded qhov chaw nrog cov muag muag muag, koj yuav tsum sim ua kom thaj chaw sib cuag ntawm ob yam khoom.

Ntawm cov khoom muag muag nrov tshaj plaws yog POS-18, POS-30, POS-40, POS-61, POS-90. Cov lej nyob ntawm no yog vim li cas. Qhov no yog qhov feem pua ntawm cov tin hauv cov hlau. Hauv kev lag luam, nws yog siv ntau dua hauv kev tsim khoom siv hluav taws xob, ntsuas ntsuas. Hauv lub neej txhua hnub, lawv tuaj yeem txuas tau ntau yam: circuits ntawm TVs, microwaves, hluav taws xob kettles thiab lwm yam khoom siv me me.

Txoj kev muag muag muag

POS-90 yog tsim los ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom, uas yuav ua tiav siv cov tshuab galvanic. POS-61 tuaj yeem siv los kho cov cuab yeej precision. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov alloy yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev koom nrog qhov chaw ntawm lub luag haujlwm siab los ntawm ntau yam khoom siv. POS-61 tau ua pov thawj nws tus kheej raws li ib tug solder rau soldering tooj liab thiab tooj dag. Solder yuav tuaj thaum xav tauua tiav kev sib txuas muaj zog nrog qib siab ntawm hluav taws xob conductivity.

POS-40 tau siv dav rau kev ua haujlwm nrog qhov tsis lees paub thiab tsis raug. Hauv qhov no, thaj chaw ua haujlwm tuaj yeem ua kom sov rau qhov kub thiab txias. POS-30 yog tsim rau soldering tooj liab lossis tooj dag, hlau alloys thiab hlau.

Tshuaj

Ntawm cov khoom siv refractory, tsuas yog ob pab pawg tau sib txawv thiab siv dav. Cov no feem ntau yog tooj liab lossis nyiaj alloys.

thawj pab pawg suav nrog cov solders ua los ntawm tooj liab thiab zinc. Lawv zoo haum rau cov kev sib txuas uas tsuas yog cuam tshuam los ntawm cov khoom zoo li qub. Lub brittleness ntawm cov alloys no tsis tso cai rau lawv siv rau hauv cov rooj sib txoos uas yuav muaj kev poob siab lossis kev vibration.

tooj liab solders lossis zinc-based solders muaj xws li PMC-36 thiab PMC-54. Thawj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws solder rau soldering tooj dag thiab lwm yam tooj liab sib txuas. Qhov thib ob yog tsim rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm tooj liab, tooj liab lossis hlau.

Yog tias koj xav tau txuas ob qhov hlau ua ke, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tooj liab ntshiab, tooj dag qib L-62, L-62, L-68. Cov khoom siv tooj dag no tso cai rau koj los tsim cov pob qij txha muaj zog thiab ntau dua. Copper alloys tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv no.

Nyiaj alloys yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg kuj tseem muaj zinc thiab tooj liab. PSr-70 - solder rau soldering tooj liab, rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog tooj dag lossis nyiaj. Cov khoom no tsim nyog yog tias qhov sib txuas yuav tsum ua hluav taws xob. PSr-65 yog siv los tsim cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub,fittings, kav dej. PSR-45 yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev sib txuas cov khoom uas ua haujlwm hauv kev vibration thiab shock loads.

Lwm hom

Tseem muaj lwm yam, tsis tshua nyiam cov muag muag. Feem ntau lawv yog siv rau cov hlau tsis tshua muaj lossis ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, nickel-based compounds yog tsim los rau cov khoom lag luam uas ua haujlwm ntawm qhov kub siab. Lawv kuj tau solder stainless hlau alloys. Kub-raws li solders yog siv los ua haujlwm nrog lub tshuab nqus tsev. Cov solders tsim nyog kuj muaj rau magnesium.

Ib daim foos

Soldering cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov tebchaw tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau hom. Yog li, nws tuaj yeem yog hlau, nyias nyias, ntsiav tshuaj, hmoov. Tsis tas li ntawd, solder yog muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm paste los yog granules. Cov duab txiav txim siab seb lub solder yuav raug xa mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm li cas.

Txoj kev ntawm aluminium soldering

Kev sib txuas ntawm txhuas qhov chaw los ntawm kev sib tsoo yog siv hauv kev lag luam thiab hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Piv txwv li, cov thav duab ntawm cov tsheb kauj vab niaj hnub no yog ua los ntawm txhuas alloys - nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev caij tsheb, lawv feem ntau tawg. Cov lus nug tshwm sim: hom solder xaiv dab tsi?

Nws ntseeg tias kev sib tsoo aluminium yog txheej txheem nyuaj heev. Tab sis qhov tseeb, qhov no yog li ntawd yog cov khoom siv rau cov hlau tsis muaj steel lossis tooj dag, hlau, tooj liab yog siv rau hauv cov txheej txheem. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog oxide zaj duab xis. Nws yog nws leej twg tsis muab cov qib uas yuav tsum tau ntawm wettability, thiab lub hauv paus hlau tsis yaj.

Yuav ua li cas rau solder aluminium thiab alloys raws li nws

Yuav kom txoj haujlwm ua tiav ntawm qib tsim nyog,Solder rau soldering aluminium yuav tsum muaj silicon, txhuas, nrog rau tooj liab, zinc thiab nyiaj. Niaj hnub no ntawm kev muag khoom koj tuaj yeem nrhiav cov khoom sib xyaw uas tag nrho cov khoom no nyob hauv qhov sib txawv.

Thaum xaiv cov solder txhim khu kev qha, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau xav txog cov hauv qab no. Qhov sib koom ua ke uas tau ua nrog cov hlau, uas muaj zinc ntau, yuav muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws tiv thaiv corrosion thiab siab zog.

Kuj rau txhuas, koj tuaj yeem siv cov khoom sib txuas raws li cov tin thiab txhuas. Tab sis nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tau npaj qhov chaw ua hauj lwm nrog cov khoom zoo, ntxuav nws nrog ib tug stainless hlau txhuam thiab siv active fluxes. Tab sis cov kws tshaj lij tsis pom zoo kom siv cov khoom zoo li no.

Txhua yam solder rau soldering aluminium kub. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, uas tso cai rau koj kom tau txais kev sib txuas txhim khu kev qha, yog aluminium-silicon thiab aluminium-tooj-silicon.

Yuav ua li cas rau tooj liab?

Raws li twb tau sau tseg saum toj no, nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog ntau cov qauv. Ob qhov kub thiab txias fusible thiab tawv solders tuaj yeem siv tau. Lawv kuj siv cov txheej txheem raws li cov tin nrog txhuas, tin, nyiaj, tooj liab nrog nyiaj thiab zinc.

Yog tias koj xav kho lub khoos phis tawj motherboard lossis kho lub TV hauv lub tebchaws, txhua yam fusible yuav ua. Yog tias koj xav tau solder fittings ntawm cov kav dej lossis kho cov kav dej lossis lub tub yees, ces tsuas yog tawv tawv rau cov tooj liab yuav ua tau. Nov yog qhov koj tuaj yeem tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.

Stainless hlau

Yog tias koj xav tau txuas stainless hlau qhov chaw, cescov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom siv cov tin thiab txhuas rods. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog cadmium kuj zoo haum. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov alloys tsawg-melting raws li zinc. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav tsum tsis txhob siv ua ke nrog cov pa roj carbon lossis cov hlau tsis tshua muaj hlau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws solder rau soldering stainless hlau yog ntshiab tin. Tsis tas li, tsuas yog cov tin tau tso cai yog tias qhov taw tes soldering yuav tuaj yeem tiv nrog zaub mov.

Yog tias kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv qhov chaw qhuav lossis cua sov, ces nyiaj nrog manganese, chromium-nickel solders lossis tooj liab ntshiab (thiab txawm tias tooj dag zoo dua) yuav tsum tau siv. Thaum soldering nyob rau hauv corrosive tej yam kev mob, siv nyiaj tinoli nrog ib tug me me nickel.

steel brazing

Kev txuas ob ntu no tsis nyuaj. Nqis thiab siv tau zoo soldering hlau - POS-41. Kuj tseem muaj POS-60 thiab lwm yam, koj tuaj yeem siv cov tin ntshiab. Tab sis zinc compositions tsis haum. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum nws los txog rau cov khoom siv carbon lossis cov khoom siv qis.

Fluxes rau soldering

Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev khiav hauj lwm, cov flux plays tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li lub solder. Nws yog ib qho tshuaj hnyav thiab oxide scavenger. Nws kuj tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm oxidation thiab ua rau kom ntub dej.

Ua haujlwm nrog cov ntsiab lus raws li cov hlau lead thiab tin, hydrochloric acid, zinc chloride tuaj yeem siv los ua cov dej ntws. Kuj haum yog borax, ammonium chloride. Cov no yog cov active fluxes. Cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog muaj xws li rosin, roj av jelly, roj txiv roj thiab ntau lwm yam tshuaj.

Piv txwv li, kev daws teeb meemhydrochloric acid tuaj yeem siv nrog cov muag muag muag. Zinc chloride yog siv nrog tooj dag, tooj liab, hlau. Ammonia tsaug zog zoo kawg nkaus dilutes thiab dissolves fatty tshuaj. Rau txhuas, ib tug muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tung roj, rosin, thiab calcined zinc chloride yog siv. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov concentrated phosphoric acid.

Yog li, peb pom tias cov khoom muag muaj dab tsi, thiab qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua los siv rau ntau qhov sib txawv.