Tinning yog dab tsi? Txoj kev tiv thaiv hlau los ntawm corrosion

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tinning yog siv dav hauv kev lag luam xws li aviation, xov tooj cua engineering thiab hluav taws xob engineering. Cov khoom siv ua noj thiab khaws cov zaub mov kuj raug rau cov txheej txheem no. Dab tsi yog tinning, nws siv rau dab tsi thiab yuav ua li cas qhov kev ua haujlwm no tau ua kom raug, thiab peb yuav xav txog hauv kab lus no.

tinning ua li cas?

Pinning yog siv los tiv thaiv cov khoom ntawm corrosion. Rau cov txheej txheem no, tin lossis nws cov alloy nrog txhuas lossis lwm yam khoom siv yog siv. Cov txheej uas siv rau cov hlau yog hu ua semi-qhuav.

Cov txheej txheem tinning muaj nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm qhov chaw thiab tom qab ntawd siv ib nrab hnub rau nws. Qhov saum npoo yog npaj nyob ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau siv rau cov khoom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm tin txheej. Yog li dab tsi yog tinning? Qhov no yog kev kho saum npoo ntawm cov khoom hlau nrog cov txheej nyias ntawm cov tin lossis nws cov alloys los tiv thaiv corrosion thiab tom qab soldering ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv rau nws.

Fluxing agents

Tshuaj uassiv los ntxuav qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom ua ntej tinning yog hu ua fluxes. Txhawm rau ua qhov no, siv:

• Ammonium chloride yog cov khoom siv dawb, tsis muaj ntxhiab, soluble hauv dej heev. Lub npe technical yog ammonia. Zoo ntxuav cov hniav hlau los ntawm cov rog thiab oxides.
• Sulfuric acid yog cov kua roj tsis muaj xim uas sib tov zoo nrog dej. Rau dilution, cov kua qaub yog maj mam poured rau hauv dej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ib tug nruj kev tshwm sim tshwm sim nrog kev tso tawm ntawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub. Ua haujlwm nrog cov khoom siv nrog hnab looj tes thiab tsom iav xwb.
• Soda tshauv - hmoov nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov muaju, dissolves nyob rau hauv dej nrog tawm ntawm tshav kub. Rau kev khaws cia, siv lub khob ntim nrog lub hau kaw kom nruj. Yog huab cua nkag mus, txheej txheej txheej.

Tag nrho cov tshuaj no ua tau zoo huv si saum npoo ntawm cov khoom hlau los ntawm oxide zaj duab xis thiaj li ua tiav tinning.

Tshuaj thiab lub cev khoom ntawm tin

Tin yog cov hlau dawb-dawb nrog lub xiav tint, belongs rau cov ntaub ntawv yas thiab malleable. Nws qhov ceev yog 7.3g / cm3. Ib lub bar ua los ntawm cov tin ntshiab, thaum khoov, ua rau lub suab zoo, nco txog lub crunch ntawm daus hauv qab taw. Nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qee qhov impurities hauv nws, cov cuab yeej no ploj mus. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, cov khoom siv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tebchaw nrog antimony, tooj liab, sulfur, hlau thiab lwm yam hlau. Qee qhov impurities (hlau thiab bismuth) ua rau cov hlau tsis huv, thaum lwm tus (zinc thiab tooj liab) ua rau nws ductile. Lub tin yaj ntawm qhov kub li cas?

Nws yooj yim liquefies ntawm 232 degrees. Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab, cov hlau reacts inactively nrog oxygen thiab yog li khaws nws cov luster ntev. Tin yog heev resistant rau organic acids thiab zoo kawg nkaus tiv nag los nag. Cov hlau dissolves zoo nyob rau hauv sulfuric thiab concentrated hydrochloric, tab sis interacts weakly nrog dilute acid.

Tin thiab tin-based alloys

Raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, tag nrho cov tin tau muab faib ua plaub qib:

• 01 - muaj impurities 0, 1%;
• 02 - 0.5%;
• 03 – 1, 65%;
• 04 – 3, 75%.

Rau tinning, thawj ob qib feem ntau siv. O1 - rau tin thiab lwm yam hlau, 02 - rau chav ua noj. Cov khoom tinned nrog tin muaj zog tiv thaiv deformation, withstand khoov thiab kinks. Dab tsi yog tinning - qhov no yog txheej txheej ntawm tag nrho cov saum npoo ntawm cov khoom nrog ib txheej ntawm tin, uas tiv thaiv cov hlau los ntawm xeb. Rau kev ua cov khoom tsis npaj rau zaub mov, txhuas lossis zinc ntxiv rau tin. Xws li alloys tiv thaiv nws zoo los ntawm corrosion thiab yog pheej yig dua tin. Txhawm rau kom tau txais ib qho dawb ci iab poluda, bismuth compositions yog siv - 90 feem ntawm tin thiab 10 ntawm bismuth. Tin-bismuth alloys feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom lag luam ntawm tus nqi kos duab.

Tinning cuab yeej

Thaum ua cov khoom lag luam nrog cov tin, koj yuav tsum muaj cov cuab yeej hauv qab no:

• ntsuas ntsuas - siv los txiav txim qhov loj ntawm cov khoom;
• tinning pliers - tuav qhov chaw;
• scrapers thiab txhuam plaub hau - cov khoom huv si;
• blowtorches - tshav kub.

txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov tin rau cov khoom yog tsis yooj yim sua yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej yooj yim no.

Kev npaj

tinning yog dab tsi? Qhov no yog txheej txheem ntawm txheej txheej ntawm ib yam khoom nrog ib txheej nyias ntawm molten tin los tiv thaiv nws los ntawm corrosion. Cov txheej txheem no yuav ua tau zoo dua, qhov zoo dua qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw yog ntxuav. Ua ntej tin plating, kev kho mob hauv qab no yog ua:

• Kev ntxuav ntawm nplai thiab av. Ua li no, siv txhuam thiab txhuam.
• Tshem tawm txhua qhov tsis sib xws nrog lub log abrasive lossis ntawv xuab zeb.
• Tshuaj degreasing. Ua nrog caustic soda, dissolving 10 g ntawm hmoov nyob rau hauv ib liter dej. Cov khoom no txo qis rau hauv cov tshuaj boil rau 15 feeb.
• Cov roj ntxhia tau ntxuav nrog roj av lossis roj av.
• Cov khoom siv tooj dag, hlau thiab tooj liab yog ntxuav nrog rhuab sulfuric acid, txo cov khoom rau hauv cov tshuaj rau 20 feeb.

Tom qab ua tiav, cov khoom raug ntxuav nrog dej txias, ntxuav nrog cov xuab zeb ntub thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd ntxuav hauv dej kub. Cov txheej txheem npaj xaus nrog ziab.

kub tinning

Muaj ob txoj hauv kev ntawm cov khoom kub tinning uas tau npaj ua ntej rau cov txheej txheem no:

1. Rubbing tinning. Lub flux yog siv rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom, uas yog siv los ua zinc chloride, thiab cov khoom yog rhuab sib npaug nrog blowtorches mus rau melting kub ntawm tin thov los ntawm tus pas nrig. Los ntawm kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom cua sov, nws melts. Tom qab ntawd tus cab yog sprinkled nrog hmoov ammonia thiab rhuab saum npoo yog rubbed nrog nws kom txog rau thaum ib nrab hnub yog tusyees faib. Tom qab ua tiav tinning, cov khoom yog txias, rubbed nrog ntub xuab zeb, ces ntxuav nrog dej thiab qhuav.
2. Dab tinning. Tom qab ua tiav ib feem nyob rau hauv lub flux, nws yog tam sim ntawd txo mus rau hauv lub tin da dej. Nws muaj cov kua tin, rhuab saum lub melting point ntawm cov hlau mus rau 270-300 degrees. Lub xub ntiag ntawm ib yam khoom nyob rau hauv ib tug ua kua yog nyob ntawm seb nws loj thiab thickness ntawm cov khoom uas nws yog tsim. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv li ntawm 30 vib nas this mus rau 1 feeb. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog hais tias qib ntawm cov kua tinning yog 40 mm siab tshaj qhov khoom ua tiav. Tshaj poluda raug tshem tawm nrog rub nrog hmoov ammonia. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom kho yog ntxuav nrog dej huv thiab qhuav.

Cov khoom me me yog tinned los ntawm dipping, thiab cov loj los ntawm rubbing.

Cable lugs yog siv los txiav cables thiab xaim. Hauv cov clamps, nws yog npaj los npaj qhov kawg ntawm lub cable rau kev sib dhos thiab kho nrog cov tub ntxhais. Rau kev lag luam cov lus qhia yog muab los ntawm tooj liab thiab txhuas thiab lawv cov alloys. Aluminium yog resistant rau corrosion, thiab ua kom lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm cov khoom tooj liab, lawv yog tinned. Tinned tooj liab, tsis zoo li lub taub tooj liab, yog tsim rau siv nyob rau hauv cov huab cua phem.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv no muaj zog tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom neeg: hydrochloric, nitrogen thiab sulfurickua qaub. Lawv tsis raug oxidation thaum lub sij hawm ntev cia thiab ua haujlwm, lawv tiv taus noo noo.

Zaj lus

Tib neeg ntsib cov khoom tinned txhua hnub. Cov no yog cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj: cov tais diav, cov tais diav hauv chav ua noj, cov kaus poom thiab lwm yam khoom uas cuam tshuam nrog kev khaws cia ntev thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm cov khoom noj. Tinning pom tsis muaj tsawg daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv spheres ntawm lub teb chaws kev khwv nyiaj txiag. Tin tiv thaiv kev sib cuag ntawm cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua los ntawm oxidation, yog siv los tiv thaiv cables thiab xov hlau, thiab ua tin. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tin txheej muab cov yas rau cov khoom siv, nws yooj yim ua tiav los ntawm stamping, dov daim duab thiab soldering.