Utility muaj nuj nqi thiab nws cov yam ntxwv

Utility muaj nuj nqi thiab nws cov yam ntxwv
Utility muaj nuj nqi thiab nws cov yam ntxwv

Video: Utility muaj nuj nqi thiab nws cov yam ntxwv

Video: Utility muaj nuj nqi thiab nws cov yam ntxwv
Video: Maiv Xyooj ~ "Nyiam Koj Tiag Tsis Zoo Qhia" with Lyrics (Official Music Video) 2024, Kaum ib hlis
Anonim

Thaum yuav ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb, ib tus neeg raug coj los ntawm ntau lub hauv paus ntsiab lus, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Piv txwv li, thaum ib tug neeg tshaib plab, zoo li nws tau noj 10 buns. Thawj cov khoom noj hmoov nplej zoo li tsis txaus ntseeg, tshiab thiab yaj hauv lub qhov ncauj. Qhov thib ob confectionery txuj ci tseem ceeb tseem yog qab heev, tab sis tsis yog li ntawd muag. Qhov thib peb bun yog me ntsis bland, thiab lub thib plaub yuav tsum tau diluted nrog dej los yog tshuaj yej. Tau mus txog qhov thib kaum khoom noj khoom haus, ib tug neeg paub tias tag nrho cov buns uas nws tau noj tsis qab heev thiab tsis yog tshiab. Ntawd yog, nrog txhua yam khoom noj khoom haus, nws cov txiaj ntsig txo qis. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem hais nrog kev ntseeg siab tias tsawg dua buns ib tus neeg tau noj, ntau dua cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb, uas yog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tshaib kev nqhis, tau ua tiav, uas txhais tau hais tias cov khoom tau muab los ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm thawj lub pob tau siab dua qhov kawg.

kev siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm
kev siv hluav taws xob ua haujlwm

Txoj cai no yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm cov lus xws li kev siv hluav taws xob. Nws qhia tau hais tias nrog kev nce ntawm cov khoom lag luam hauv kev ua lag luam, lawv cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig tau ploj mus, thiab tib neeg tsis xav yuav yam khoom uas muaj.loj heev. Ntawd yog, muaj kev vam khom ncaj qha ntawm ob yam xws li kev thov thiab kev siv hluav taws xob. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov kev thov kuj tseem ceeb heev. Qhov siab dua qhov kev thov rau ib yam khoom tshwj xeeb, nws cov khoom siv ntau dua. Yog hais tias cov khoom ntawm cov khoom ntau tshaj qhov kev txaus siab ntawm kev tau txais nws, ces nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo raug txo. Ib qho khoom siv hluav taws xob tuaj qhov twg los?

xav tau thiab siv tau
xav tau thiab siv tau

Ib zaug muaj ib lub tsev kawm ntawv nyiaj txiag hauv Austria, uas nws cov neeg sawv cev yog thawj zaug los sim tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov ntsiab lus xws li tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab kev thov rau nws, nrog rau qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom. thiab nws cov stocks.

Cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev taw qhia no yog Menger, Böhm-Bawerk thiab Vizer. Lawv tau ua pov thawj tias muaj kev vam khom ncaj qha ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntau npaum li cas, thaum lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog cov peev txheej tsawg. Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv no tau ua pov thawj tias muaj cov qauv ntawm qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab nws cov khoom siv los ntawm tib neeg. Nws yog cov neeg Austrian uas thawj zaug pom tias cov haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam txo qis nrog kev nce hauv cov khoom noj. Cov qauv no tau qhia ua piv txwv saum toj no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nce qeeb qeeb, thaum cov nqi hluav taws xob qis qis. Raws li qhov kev soj ntsuam no, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv Austrian tau txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb cuam tshuam rau tus nqi. Thiab qhov ntawd yog marginal utility. Cov mis rau xam qhov ntsuas no yog raws li nram no:

MU=dU/dQ where

U yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, Q - kom muaj nuj nqiskhoom.

cov khoom nta
cov khoom nta

Ua tsaug rau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nruab nrab thiab tag nrho cov nqi hluav taws xob, peb pom cov lus teb rau qhov tsis zoo, uas ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau hu ua "Paradox ntawm dej thiab pob zeb diamond". Lub ntsiab ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog raws li nram no. Dej yuav tsum muaj tus nqi ntau dua rau ib tus neeg dua li pob zeb diamond, vim tias tsis muaj nws haiv neeg tsis tuaj yeem nyob, tsis zoo li cov zaub mov muaj txiaj ntsig. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev xyaum, txhua yam hloov mus rau lwm txoj hauv kev. Cov lus teb yog nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm cov peev txheej: txij li cov dej reserves loj, tus nqi sib raug qis dua. Thiab pob zeb diamond deposits tsis tshua muaj, yog li lawv tus nqi siab heev.

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