Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom ua cim tsim cov khoom lag luam

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2024-01-02 13:55

Kev txhim kho ntawm cov khoom tshiab yog txoj haujlwm nyuaj uas suav nrog kev siv cov kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho txoj haujlwm. Lub peculiarity ntawm cov txheej txheem nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim siab yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev xav tau los xyuas kom meej qhov yuav tsum tau cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom, raws li zoo raws li muab nws tej yam khoom. Lawv yuav tsum xyuas kom meej qhov tsawg kawg nkaus kev siv zog ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab kev ua haujlwm tom ntej ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau txo qis kev noj cov khoom siv thiab lub zog ntawm txhua theem ntawm lub neej voj voog. Cov khoom siv hnyav ntawm kev tsim khoom qhia tus nqi uas lub lag luam tshwm sim thaum tsim thiab tso cov khoom rau hauv ntau lawm.

Kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom lag luam yog ua kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm ib sab, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau siv zog rau nws qhov txiaj ntsig siab tshaj plaws, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis txhob hnov qab txog nws cov khoom uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv cov khoom siv. Ib txheej ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tso cai rau nws cov qauv tsim kom pom tau zoo ntawm cov nqi tsim khoomthiab kev ua haujlwm (thaum ua kom ntseeg tau tias qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm qhov zoo thiab qhov ntim ntau lawm), yog hu ua kev tsim khoom ntawm tus tsim.

Rau manufacturability, siv ntau qhov ntsuas, uas suav nrog:

• khoom siv ntawm cov khoom - tus yam ntxwv ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv (kev tsim khoom, kev ua haujlwm thiab kho);
• zog siv ntawm cov khoom - qhov ntim ntawm cov nqi ntawm cov nqi roj thiab lub zog;
• khoom siv tshwj xeeb - qhia ua raws li cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov khoom.

Cov kev txwv tsis pub dhau yog universal rau txhua yam khoom tsim. Yog tias tsim nyog los sib piv cov qauv tsim sib txawv, txhawm rau xaiv qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, kev tshuaj xyuas yog ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv.

Tus yam ntxwv thiab suav

Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom siv qhia txog tus nqi ntawm ntau yam kev pabcuam uas tsim nyog rau kev tsim thiab siv cov khoom siv tom ntej (systems) hauv qee qhov kev ua haujlwm. Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm qhov ntsuas no. Qee tus ntawm lawv cuam tshuam rau theem ntawm kev tsim khoom, lwm tus tsuas yog rau thaj chaw kho lossis kho.

Hauv kev xyaum ua cov kev suav, cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm kev noj cov khoom siv feem ntau siv, uas pab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas kev sib raug zoo nrog cov khoom siv. Feem ntau, kev siv cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb (М _{ud) yog xam raws li hauv qab no:}

M_ud =M_p/(RT)

M_{p - qhov no yog kev siv cov khoom siv hauv kev tsim khoom; T - Standard sij hawm nyob rau hauvkev ua haujlwm; P yog tus nqi siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub ntsiab parameter (cov txiaj ntsig tau txiav txim los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb).}

Cov yam ntxwv xaiv tau sib raug zoo nrog tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv. Thaum lub parameter hloov, qhov ntws kuj hloov. Piv txwv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo, nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem kev siv lossis cov khoom raws li kev txiav txim siab, tuaj yeem yog mais deb (rau tsheb, tsheb kauj vab, tsheb thauj khoom), lub zog (rau cov chaw nres tsheb), kev tsim khoom (tub yees), thiab lwm yam. Raws li tuaj yeem pom, cov khoom siv. noj cov khoom characterizes complex tivthaiv thaum xaiv tshiab designs.

Txhawm rau qhia cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke siv hauv kev kho thev naus laus zis lossis hauv kev tsim khoom, nws muaj peev xwm sib txawv qhov ntsuas los ntawm hom khoom siv - hlau noj, siv yas, siv ntoo. Kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov cim qhia tshwj xeeb tso cai rau koj xaiv lub tswv yim dav dav thiab kev taw qhia rau kev txhim kho cov khoom hauv kev txhim kho.

Ntxiv rau cov yam ntxwv uas tau nthuav tawm, kev tshuaj xyuas ntxiv ntawm kev siv cov khoom raug pom zoo. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm cov ntsuas hauv qab no: tus nqi siv tau, tus nqi siv khoom, thiab lwm yam.

Piv txwv li, qhov kev siv tau raug txhais raws li:

K_pr=M_nі/M_n

М_ні – noj tus nqi tshwj xeeb (i) khoom; M_{n – cov cai rau kev noj txhua yam khoom siv rau kev tsim khoom.}

Specifiedcoefficient tso cai rau siv cov qib siab ntawm cov ntaub ntawv.

txhawm rau txheeb xyuas qhov kev siv cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig, koj tuaj yeem siv cov coefficient tsim nyog:

К_i.m.=М_i/M_ні, qhov twg М _{ні – tus nqi nominal ntawm cov khoom hnyav (i).}

Kev txiav txim siab

Thaum txheeb xyuas qhov tsim ntawm cov khoom, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom meej tias cov xwm txheej hauv qab no tau ntsib:

• Kev cia siab rau kev ua haujlwm yuav tsum nyob ntawm tib lub koom haum thiab qib kev ua haujlwm;
• yuav tsum siv thev naus laus zis tshaj plaws thaum lub sijhawm tsim;
• khoom yuav tsum muaj yuav luag tib theem ntawm kev siv zog;
• khoom siv qhov tseem ceeb yog txiav txim siab los ntawm ib txoj hauv kev rau txhua tus qauv.

Cov kev txiav txim siab tshaj plaws suav nrog kev suav thiab kev ntsuas qhov hnyav. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib piv, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev suav nyiaj rau pawg, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib faib tshwj xeeb, thiab lwm yam.

Kev cia siab rau kev siv

Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv tuaj yeem siv los txhim kho cov qauv tsim thiab tsim cov khoom tshiab. Tshwj xeeb rau:

• tau khoom tshiab;
• progressive manufacturing and repair technologies;
• nce qib ntawm cov khoom ntseeg tau;
• kev ua kom zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm;
• siv txoj kev tswj xyuas zoo tshiab;
• ntsuas qhov ua tau thib obsiv cov ntaub ntawv.

Zoo kawg

Txoj hauv kev niaj hnub los ua kom ntseeg tau tias cov khoom lag luam tsim khoom yuav tsum ua raws li cov txheej txheem raug los txiav txim siab cov khoom ntawm cov khoom. Cov khoom siv ntawm cov khoom ua cim tsis yog tsuas yog siv cov khoom siv rau ib yam khoom xwb, tab sis kuj yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws faib cov peev txheej ntawm txhua theem ntawm kev siv.