Dab tsi yog schooner: keeb kwm, specifications, duab
Dab tsi yog schooner: keeb kwm, specifications, duab

Video: Dab tsi yog schooner: keeb kwm, specifications, duab

Video: Dab tsi yog schooner: keeb kwm, specifications, duab
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Tus neeg tua hluav taws yog dab tsi? Ib tug schooner yog ib lub nkoj sailing uas muaj tsawg kawg yog ob lub masts thiab slanting sails. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, tsis xav tau cov neeg coob coob. Ib daim ntawv me me tso cai rau tus schooner txav nrawm txawm nyob hauv dej ntiav.

Thaum nws keeb kwm, tus schooner tau hloov kho tshiab ntau zaus txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom muaj zog thiab tiv thaiv nthwv dej. Nws tau siv tsis yog tsuas yog taug kev hauv hiav txwv thiab dej hiav txwv xwb, tab sis kuj yog lub nkoj ua lag luam, thiab txawm tias yog nkoj nkoj.

Dab tsi yog schooner thiab nws ua haujlwm li cas

Nov yog lub nkoj me me ua haujlwm los ntawm ob peb tus neeg. Lub ntsiab feature ntawm ib tug ob-masted sail los ntawm lwm yam sails yog qhov chaw ntawm lub siab tshaj mast ntawm lub nkoj los yog lub ntsiab mast. Ntawm tus schooner, nws nyob ze rau ntawm lub stern, thiaj li tsis cuam tshuam nrog tus ncej (gaff) ntawm foremast.

Dab tsi yog schooners 'rigging. Hom kev rigging tseem ceeb tau muab faib ua:

  • hafel lossis Bermuda - nrog rau txoj hlua khi;
  • topsail thiab topsail - tus schooner yog nruab nrog ib qho ntxiv direct sail, topsail;
  • staysail - ib lub nkoj nyob los yog daim duab peb sab yog muab tso rau ntawm lub hauv ntej mast raws li ib tug ntxiv steerable sail;
  • sails ntawm schooners yog tswj los ntawm lub lawj, koj tsis tas yuav nce lub mast, raws li nyob rau lwm yam sailing nkoj.

Lub nkoj nqaim thiab cov nkoj loj ua rau cov neeg caij nkoj nrawm nrawm, lawv tsim nrawm dua li 11 pob caus nrog cua ncaj ncees. Lub schooner mus tshwj xeeb tshaj yog zoo nrog sab cua los yog ntawm lub kaum sab xis rau cua. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog lub tailwind, tus schooner ua tsis zoo los yog yaws thaum nws tig los ntawm sab mus rau sab, txo nws txoj kev nrawm.

nyob rau hauv tag nrho sail mus rau nyob deb Islands tuaj
nyob rau hauv tag nrho sail mus rau nyob deb Islands tuaj

Pearl rau Pirate

Nyob rau hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, schooners tau nthuav dav hauv tebchaws Askiv. Lawv tau siv los ntawm cov neeg nuv ntses, cov tub lag luam thiab cov neeg taug txuj kev nyuaj - pirates. Xws li ib tug schooner tau piav nyob rau hauv Stevenson tus tshiab "Cov khoom muaj nqis Island" - lub npe nrov "Hispaniola".

Nws loj heev - nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm 200 tons. Cov decks tau muab faib ua sab sauv thiab qis. Lub lawj qis ntawm tus schooner yog dab tsi? Nws muab faib ua compartments:

  • muaj cov khoom thauj hauv nruab nrab tuav;
  • nqe lus txib tau muab tso rau hauv hneev;
  • qab nthab ntawm lub lawj hauv qab suav nrog lub qhov rooj, lub tsev rau tus thawj coj thiab cov thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg;
  • lub lawj sab sauv yog tiaj tus, nce 1.6-1.7 m saum toj ib sab;
  • schooners tau nrov nrog pirates vim lawv ceev, maneuverability thiab ntiav.

Ib tug zoo tib yam pirate schooner nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th tau tsiv tawm ntawm 100 tons thiab nqa 8 rab phom rau hauv nkoj. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tau xaiv txog li 75 tus neeg. Qhov tsis zoo yog qhov kev caij nkoj luv luv, yog li koj yuav tsum mus rau qhov chaw nres nkoj kom ntxiv cov zaub mov thiab dej. cov filibustersfeem ntau tso tseg tej nkoj nquam qub, scuttled thiab mined tshiab.

Scarlet sails nag hmo, hnub no, tag kis …
Scarlet sails nag hmo, hnub no, tag kis …

In tsov rog, as in war

Pib pib txij li xyoo pua 19th, cov neeg tawm tsam tau pib nce cov masts thiab sails. Qhov loj tshaj plaws xya-masted schooner tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg Amelikas ntawm Quincy shipyard thiab launched rau xyoo 1902, nws hu ua "Thomas W. Lawson".

Los ntawm txoj kev, schooners tau siv dav hauv Asmeskas. Lawv tau siv rau kev lag luam, kev thauj mus los, kev ua tub rog.

Thawj schooner, tsim los ntawm cov neeg Asmeskas hauv xyoo 1750 rau British Navy, hu ua "Barbados". Nws tau siv hauv Fab Kis thiab Khab Tsov Rog. Lub nkoj muaj 14 rab phom thiab tib tus naj npawb ntawm cov phom sib hloov.

Tus yawg James Cook tau taug kev ntawm cov tub rog schooners tshawb txog ntug dej hiav txwv Canada.

Ntawm daim duab: Hiav Txwv Nyiv thiab cov tub rog nyob ze ntawm ciam teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Russia.

Schooner East. Voishville E. V
Schooner East. Voishville E. V

keeb kwm ntawm lub nkoj clipper hauv Russia

Hauv xyoo 1834, von Schantz, tus thawj coj ntawm Tus Thawj Tub Rog Tub Rog ntawm Russia, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Menshikov, tau mus rau sab qaum teb kom tau txais Kamchatka steamer-frigate xaj nyob ntawd. Nyob ntawd, yav tom ntej tus thawj coj saib xyuas thawj zaug pom B altimore schooners thiab poob rau hauv kev hlub nrog lawv tag nrho thiab irrevocably. Lawv txawv ntawm lwm cov schooners nrog siab masts thiab sails loj, uas yuav tsuas yog peb.

Tom qab ntawd, tau txais kev pabcuam hauv Kronstadt thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau lub nkoj nkoj hauv Abo (tam sim no Turku), qhov chaw nkoj tau tsim rau Lavxias. Huab tais raws li cov duab kos ntawm von Shantz, B altimore schooner "Kev Paub" tau tsim. Nws tau npaj rau kev pabcuam hauv Hiav Txwv Caspian.

Txawm tias muaj kev ntseeg tsis ntseeg ntawm lwm tus, tus kws tshawb fawb tau ua pov thawj tias nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nthuav tawm txhua qhov zoo. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1847, lwm tus neeg tua hluav taws tau muab tso rau hauv B altic Fleet ("Kev Paub").

Tus kws tshaj lij "Kev Paub" tau ua haujlwm hnyav thaum nws ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm tseem ceeb.

  1. Kev koom tes hauv kev sib tw caij nkoj xyoo 1848. Cov kev sib tw no tau tuav los ntawm Imperial Yacht Club ntawm St. Petersburg.
  2. Ntseeg saib xyuas dej ntawm Gulf of Finland thaum nyob hauv hiav txwv.
  3. Nws tau koom nrog ntau qhov kev mus ncig nrog kev koom nrog Navy.
  4. Tau tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Denmark.
  5. Ceased service in the B altic Fleet in 1863.
schooner "America", uas muab impetus rau creation ntawm "Kev paub"
schooner "America", uas muab impetus rau creation ntawm "Kev paub"

Khoom siv ntawm tus schooner "Kev paub"

Lub nkoj tshiab "Kev Paub" muaj cov hauv qab no:

  1. ntev - 21.6 meters;
  2. txog rau 6 meters dav;
  3. draft tsuas yog 2.2 meters.

Qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm tus schooner yog 82 tons, thaum lub ballast tau muab tso rau hauv nws tuav kom ruaj khov nyob rau hauv ib tug muaj zog nthwv dej ntawm 9.6 tons ntawm cam khwb cia hlau.

Schooner - lub nkoj du-deck. Qhov no deprives lub nkoj ntawm ib txwm tuav, yog li cov dej thiab cov khoom siv tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw tsis yog, tab sis raws ntug ntawm lub nkoj.

"Kev Paub", muaj ob lub gaff masts, nqa tsuas yog peb lub nkoj nrog thaj tsam ntawm 346 square meters. meters (foreground, grotto thiabjib). Cov lus piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws ntawm schooner "Experience" tau luam tawm hauv phau ntawv xov xwm "Sea Collection" hauv xyoo 1949. Nws yog raws li cov duab kos uas nto moo Kheda tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias uas muaj kev ntxhov siab ntawm Diana frigate tawm ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Nyiv.

Schooner Kheda, kos duab Voyshvello tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias hauv Nyij Pooj
Schooner Kheda, kos duab Voyshvello tau tsim los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias hauv Nyij Pooj

Kev tsim ntawm Kheda tsis yog tsuas yog xa rov qab cov neeg tsav nkoj Lavxias mus rau lawv lub tebchaws, tab sis kuj qhib lub ntiaj teb ntawm European nkoj tsim rau Nyij Pooj.

Kev txhim kho nkoj thiab lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov neeg caij nkoj

Schoons tau ua lub luag haujlwm zoo hauv kev txhim kho nkoj hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Cov Dutch tau tsim cov kab tseem ceeb ntawm lub nkoj nkoj, cov neeg Askiv yog thawj zaug siv lawv rau kev ua tub rog, cov neeg Amelikas niaj hnub thiab nce lawv, thiab cov neeg Lavxias tau kho lawv raws li qhov xav tau ntawm lawv cov nkoj, muab kev txhawb zog rau kev tshawb fawb tshiab hauv kev tsim nkoj. Cov nkoj tsav nkoj, uas tau txais cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm B altimore, tau siv mus txog rau xyoo pua 20th. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau overestimate lub luag hauj lwm ntawm schooners nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev nom kev tswv kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub teb chaws.

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