Kev tso siab ntawm cov khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom: cov cai thiab cov txheej txheem

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Warehouse yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm lub tuam txhab logistics system. Nws yog tsim tsis tsuas yog rau khaws cia cov khoom muaj nqis, tab sis kuj muab cov kev pab cuam warehouses, ua ib tug tseem ceeb txuas nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov khoom xa tuaj thiab xa khoom. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lag luam tag nrho yog nyob ntawm seb lub koom haum ntawm nws txoj haujlwm raug tsim.

Warehouse functions

Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm hauv txhua lub tsev khaws khoom yog kwv yees li qub thiab suav nrog cov haujlwm hauv qab no:

• khaws cia ib ntus thiab tso cov khoom muag;
• hloov pauv cov kwj sib txawv;
• tsim cov kev pabcuam logistics kom raug hauv kev pabcuam.

Lub kaw lus muab cov khoom tso rau hauv lub tsev khaws khoom muaj tsawg kawg peb hom kev ntws:

• Internal (tsav khoom hauv lub koom haum).
• Hnub so (xa khoom thauj mus rau cov neeg siv khoom yog tias muaj kev thauj mus los rau kev xa tawm).
• Input (kev lees txais cov khoom lag luam los ntawm cov neeg muag khoom, xav tau kev pov thawj ntawm kev thauj khoom raugunloading kev khiav hauj lwm thiab zoo ntawm daim ntawv txais).

Tseem muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev khaws cia ib ntus ntawm cov khoom lag luam, xws li: ua haujlwm ntawm kev tso cov khoom nrog rau cov xwm txheej tsim nyog rau kev khaws cia ntawm cov khoom zoo.

Lub tsev rau cov khoom tiav ua tiav kev txheeb xyuas thiab kev ua tiav ntawm cov khoom ua ntej lawv xa ncaj qha lossis sau npe. Ntawm no nws tab tom npaj rau kev thauj khoom.

Yuav tsum tau txhim kho tas mus li ntawm kev tso cov khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom kom zoo siv qhov chaw muaj. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov chaw cia khoom, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los faib thaj chaw uas lawv tau txais, tshem tawm, txheeb xyuas thiab npaj cov khoom rau kev noj. Ua tau ntau yam dej num yog ua tsis tau yam tsis muaj kev sib cav.

Lub tsev khaws khoom lag luam feem ntau nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj ntau ntau, qhov chaw uas lawv tau txais cov khoom ntau los ntawm cov chaw muag khoom, thiab tseem tsim thiab ua tiav cov khoom xa tuaj loj tshaj plaws ncaj qha rau cov khw muag khoom loj thiab cov khw muag khoom loj.

Txoj kev cia

Kev koom tes ntawm kev tso cov khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom yog ib theem tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam. Tab sis kev khaws cia ntawm lawv cov zoo thiab zoo nkauj tsos kuj tseem ceeb heev. Txoj kev khaws cia yog raws li hauv qab no:

1. Ua tau zoo. Cov khoom sib txawv tau muab tso rau ntawm ib leeg.
2. Pib. Txhua cov khoom xa tuaj yog nteg tawm cais, thaum nyob rau hauv ib qho thaiv tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam khoom.
3. Partition-varietal. Txhua tus xa khoom yog khaws cia nyias, thiab cov khoom hauv nws tau muab faib los ntawm qib thiab hom thiab tseem nyob hauvntau qhov chaw.
4. Los ntawm lub npe. Cov khoom uas muaj lub hom phiaj sib txawv yog khaws cia nyias.

Cov ntsiab lus tso cov khoom hauv warehouses

Rau qhov yooj yim thiab ceev khaws cov khoom, cov tswv yim tshwj xeeb tau tsim los muab cov chaw ruaj khov rau lawv qhov chaw cia. Qhov no muaj peev xwm saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb, nrog rau kev saib xyuas. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov tswv yim, lub ntim, zaus ntawm kev txais thiab kev xa khoom ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau cov txheej txheem ntawm stacking yog muab rau hauv tus account.

Muaj ib txoj hauv kev nrov heev: xav tau ntau dua - ze rau txoj kev. Cov khoom uas xav tau txhua hnub yog nyob ze rau ntawm qhov teeb meem lossis kev xa khoom.

Tsis tas li, hauv kev xyaum, siv txoj kev khaws cia ntev thiab luv luv. Qee qhov chaw muaj cov khoom tsim nyog ntau dua, thaum lwm qhov muaj tsawg dua. Muab cov khoom tso rau hauv lub tsev loj loj suav nrog kev tsim cov hlwb uas tso cai rau koj tso ib pawg ntawm cov khoom hauv lawv nrog rau lub thawv lossis pallet uas nws nyob.. Ntxiv mus, cov aisles yuav tsum dav kom cov loaders nrog lateral txav ntawm rab rawg tuaj yeem hla qhov ntawd.

Hauv warehouses ntawm cov lag luam wholesale thiab cov khw muag khoom me me, cov khoom feem ntau muab tso rau ntawm qhov loj me. Hauv cov chaw cia khoom muaj cov khoom me me thiab cov khoom loj. Tsim tshwj xeeb uas loj, nruab nrab thiab me me nrog cov duab sib txawv thiab qhov tob.

Cov tuam txhab koom nrog hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev rau khoom tau tsim cov qauv qauv thiab cov tswv yim ntawm racks rau cov khoomtxawv hom. Qee lub sij hawm nws yog pheej yig dua los yuav cov racks npaj txhij nrog adjustable cell siab dua ua rau lawv tus kheej.

Chaw nyob cia

Kev tso tawm ntawm cov khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom yog ib theem tseem ceeb hauv kev lag luam, tsis hais qhov chaw loj lossis me. Ntau tus kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom siv qhov chaw nyob rau qhov no txhawm rau tiv thaiv koj tus kheej los ntawm kev poob qis, rov txheeb xyuas thiab poob. Cov txheej txheem no yuav pab txhawb kev hloov pauv, tshem tawm txhua yam kev ua yuam kev thiab nrhiav cov khoom sai sai txawm tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tshiab tom qab luv luv.

Lub kaw lus muaj nyob rau hauv kev muab tus lej (chaw nyob), uas qhia txog tus lej ntawm ntu ntsug, khib thiab txee. Xws li lub npe tuaj yeem ua ke 4, 5 lossis ntau tus cim. Qhov kev zov me nyuam muab qhov chaw nyob tsis siv neeg nyob hauv daim tshev, daim ntawv lo, nqe lus thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tsim nyog.

Piv txwv li, xav txog cov hauv qab no encoding rau xov tooj ntawm tes A1739:

• A, B, C - qhov no yog thaj chaw cov khoom lag luam - sov, txias lossis ib feem ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom;
• 17 - khib naj npawb;
• 3 - ntu ntu tus lej;
• 9 - tus lej txee.

Los ntawm daim duab no, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tias cov cai no tsim nyog rau thaj tsam ntawm 99 racks, thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv tuaj yeem tsis pub ntau tshaj 10 ntu ntsug thiab 10 kab kab rov tav. Yog tias siv cov khoom siv ntau dua, cov ntawv sau npe siv tau.

Kev tso chaw thiab tso cov khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom siv cov txheej txheem nomuab rau lub xub ntiag ntawm cov phiaj xwm thiab cov phiaj xwm uas txhua tus lej raug muab tso rau. Cov ntaub ntawv kuj tseem nkag mus rau hauv lub computer database.

Shelving, compartments thiab pem teb yog coded nyob rau hauv cov xim ci kom lawv pom meej meej. Qhov chaw khoob kuj muab faib ua ib cheeb tsam. Cov khoom yuav tsum tau sau npe loj rau ntawm lub thawv kom cov neeg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem pom lawv nyob deb thiab taug kev sai sai. Cov ntawv pom zoo kom muab tso rau ntawm cov txee, tsis yog ntawm lub thawv, kom muaj ib qho thiab tib qhov chaw layout.

Nyob

Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev tso cov khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom uas pab lub tuam txhab ua haujlwm tau zoo.

txhawm rau khaws cov khoom ntim rau hauv lub hnab, txias, bales, thawv thiab thoob, stacking yog siv. Siv qhov kev xaiv no, koj tuaj yeem muab qhov tsim nyog qhov siab, ruaj khov thiab pub dawb rau cov khoom. Qhov siab yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, nrog rau kev xaiv ntawm nws cov ntim, qhov siab tshaj plaws load thiab lub ntim ntawm lub warehouse nws tus kheej. Cov styling no feem ntau tsim nyob rau hauv peb versions:

• Ncaj nraim. Feem ntau siv rau cov thoob thiab cov thawv uas loj tib yam, txhua txheej tom ntej yog ntsia rau ntawm ib qho dhau los.
• Pyramidal. Siv los txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg. Muaj ib qho chaw tsawg dua nyob rau hauv kab saum toj kawg nkaus, thiab qhov txuas ntxiv yog muab tso rau hauv qab ob.
• Cross. Nws tsim cov thawv ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg.

Thaum stacking, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tso cov khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom tiav, vim tias yog tias cov khoom raug tso rau ntawm cov pallets tshwj xeeb, ces muajmuaj peev xwm siv ntau yam txheej txheem, uas txo cov nqi zog.

Nws tseem muaj txoj hauv kev khaws cia. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom tsis ntim khoom, uas tau muab tso rau hauv cov hlwb tshwj xeeb. Xws li kev khaws cia yog yooj yim heev, txij li cov zaub yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw ntawm pallets, uas tau muab tso rau hauv rhawv nyob rau ntawm tej qhov siab mus rau lub mechanisms. Hauv qab, koj tuaj yeem nteg tawm cov khoom uas tau xaiv los ntawm tes, thiab nyob rau saum toj - xa nrog lub pallet.

Rules

Kev tso npe thiab kev sib tw ntawm cov khoom hauv lub tsev khaws khoom yog ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb, vim tias kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm ob lub tuam txhab thiab txhua qhov hluav taws xob yog nyob ntawm qhov no. Nov yog cov kev cai tseem ceeb:

1. Cov khoom yog nteg tawm tsuas yog nrog cov cim rau ntawm txoj kev. Cov khoom uas muaj tib tus lej raug muab tso rau ntawm ob sab ntawm ib lub khib nyiab, ua tsaug rau txoj kev thauj mus los yuav luv dua. Yog tias ib lub xov tooj tsis txaus, ces cov khoom seem tau muab tso rau hauv tib seem, saum toj lossis hauv qab, kom tsuas yog tus lej txee hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw nyob.
2. Nws yog ib txwm tso cov khaub ncaws sab nrauv rau ntawm cov hangers, cov khoom lag luam loj hauv cov khoom loj, thiab cov kua dej hauv lub tank thiab cov tank npaj.
3. Cov theem sab saud yog qhov yooj yim rau khaws cov khoom khaws cia ntev, nrog rau cov uas tau muab tso rau hauv tag nrho cov pallets.
4. Nruas nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab hluav taws xob tau muab tso rau hauv tsuas yog pw, nrog cov cork nce thiab hauv ib kab. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev khaws cia thiabhluav taws kev nyab xeeb.
5. Cov khoom ntim yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau hauv cov thawv thiab pallets.
6. Kev tso chaw thiab khaws cov khoom hauv lub tsev khaws khoom yuav tsum tau ua raws li qhov sib xws thiab cov qauv khaws cia. Cov khoom siv roj ntsha thiab lub cev muaj zog, kev huv huv thiab kev tu cev thiab cov cai hauv zej zog yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account.
7. Cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj thiab cov khoom noj uas muaj lub neej txee ntev yuav tsum muaj qhov kub ntawm 10-18 ° C thiab cov av noo ntawm 60-70%.
8. Cov khoom lag luam uas nquag pom cov ntxhiab tsw txawv teb chaws yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm cov khoom uas muaj ntxhiab tsw zoo.

Kev tso siab ntawm cov khoom hauv lub tsev khaws khoom kuj muaj qee yam yuav tsum tau ua:

• yuav tsum saib xyuas cov av noo thiab kub;
• tsis txhob nteg tawm cov khoom hauv txoj kab thiab lwm qhov chaw tsis tsim nyog;
• nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov racks thiab ntawm lub rhawv;
• cov khoom nqa nqa yuav tsum khaws cia hauv thaj chaw xaiv;
• yuav tsum tau ntxuav tsis tu ncua thiab saib xyuas cov qauv huv ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom;
• tsis txhob tsim cov kab ntau dhau;
• qhov chaw saum toj kawg nkaus yuav tsum tau tshwj tseg rau cov khoom tshwj tseg;
• cov khoom lag luam ntau yuav tsum sib xyaw, thiab cov khoom yuav tsum tau muab hloov ua ntu zus.

khoom siv

Yuav kom ua tiav qhov kev tso kawm zoo thiab khaws cov khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom, tib neeg qhov tseem ceeb qee zaum tsis txaus, raws li feem ntau cov racks siab thiabCov khoom hnyav yuav tsis yooj yim nkag tau. Tom qab ntawd cov tshuab tshwj xeeb tuaj rau kev cawm, uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntau nrog cov nqi zog tsawg. Muaj ntau yam kev nqa thiab kev thauj mus los rau kev pabcuam warehouses.

Txhua yam khoom siv tuaj yeem muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:

• Tshuab rau kev thauj khoom thiab thauj khoom (overpasses, taug kev, ramps, ramps, cranes thiab conveyors);
• khoom thauj hauv tsev rau kev tuav cov khoom (cov khib nyiab khib nyiab rau ntau lub hom phiaj, hauv pem teb thiab tes lub laub, stackers);
• khoom siv rau kev siv nyiaj txiag ua haujlwm;
• automated tswj systems.

khoom cia khoom

Yuav kom cov khoom tso rau hauv lub tsev khaws khoom kom nyob twj ywm tshiab, koj yuav tsum ua raws li qee qhov kev cai:

1. Cov tub yees txias lossis chav tsev yog siv los ua kom tiav kev noj zaub mov. Ntxiv mus, cov hnyuv ntxwm thiab cov nqaij haus luam yeeb tsuas yog khaws cia hauv limbo xwb.
2. Cov qe noj yuav tsum nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0 txog +20 ° C rau 7 hnub, thiab cov qe qe (ntawm 0 txog +2 ° C) - 25 hnub.
3. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav yog khaws cia ntawm cov tuam txhab lag luam tsis siab tshaj ntawm +10 ° C thiab cov huab cua txheeb ze tsis tshaj 75%.
4. Ice cream yuav lwj yog tias chav tsev siab tshaj -12 °C.
5. Mayonnaise yuav tsum khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw ntxoov ntxoo ntawm qhov kub ntawm +3 txog +18 ° C raws li nws lub neej txee.
6. Chilled ntses yog hnub nyoog nyob rau hauv lub thawv tau txais ntawm lub warehouse. Khaws ntawm -2 ° C tsis pub dhau 2 hnub.
7. Cov khoom lag luam ntau yuav tsum muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov chaw huv, qhuav thiab qhov cua zoo nrog cov av noo tsis tshaj 75%.
8. ntses ciaj yuav tsum nyob hauv lub thoob dej yug ntses hauv dej huv tsis pub dhau 48 teev.
9. Cov kev cai hauv Tshuag hais tias ntsev yuav tsum raug cais tawm ntawm lwm cov khoom, vim nws nqus dej thiab tsw zoo.
10. Nqaij thiab nqaij cov khoom yog khaws cia rau hauv chav thiab cov txee ntawm -6 °C.
11. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab zaub yog muab tso rau hauv ntim thiab muab tso rau hauv qhov cua zoo pantries yam tsis muaj lub teeb ntuj.
12. Cov ncuav mog qab zib thiab yob muaj hnub tas sij hawm yam tsawg kawg nkaus, vim tias lawv yog cov khoom lag luam tsis zoo. Qhov ntsuas kub zoo tshaj plaws yog los ntawm +2 txog +6 ° C.

khaws cov khoom tsis yog khoom noj

Txoj kev tso cov khoom hauv lub tsev rau khoom txawv, txhua yam nyob ntawm cov khoom uas tau muab tso. Nov yog cov kev cai tseem ceeb:

• Hnav yuav tsum muab tso rau ntawm lub xub pwg nyom.
• Khaub ncaws tau muab tso rau ntawm txee.
• Tshuaj textiles thiab fabrics nyob rau hauv lub thawv.
• Knitwear yog txheeb raws qhov loj, hom, qhov siab thiab lwm yam ntxwv.
• Nkawm khau tau muab tso rau hauv kab hauv lub thawv tsis pub ntau tshaj yim hauv qhov siab. Cardboard muab tso rau nruab nrab ntawm lawv.
• Cov kaus mom yog rammed rau hauv lub thawv lossis lub thawv thiab muab tso rau ntawm cov ntoo decks.
• Cov plaub yog pom zoo kom muab khaws cia rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj thiab qhov cua zoo ntawm qhov kub ntawm 0 txog +8 ° C. Muab cov khoom tso rau hauv lub warehousetsuas yog ntawm hangers thiab hauv hnab yas.
• Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau khaws cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.
• cov khoom siv ceramic thiab iav tau muab ntim thiab tso rau ntawm txee.
• Cov ntaub pua plag yog muab tso rau ntawm cov ntaub pua plag.

Kev khaws cia thiab tso cov khoom hauv lub tsev khaws khoom ntawm lub khw tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm pawg (khau, khoom) lossis los ntawm cov khoom siv nqaim (rau txiv neej, tsev, rau lub caij ntuj sov cottages). Tus txheeb ze humidity thiab kub yog tswj nrog tus pas ntsuas kub.

sijhawm xa khoom

Lub sijhawm lees paub zoo yog feem ntau teev los ntawm daim ntawv cog lus lossis cov qauv kev tsim ua ntej. Hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, kev lees txais cov khoom raws li kev ua tiav thiab kev ua tau zoo yog ua raws li cov lus hauv qab no:

• Rau cov khoom xa tawm sab nraud - tsis pub dhau 20 hnub. Thiab cov khoom puas tsuaj - hauv 24 teev tom qab tau txais ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom.
• Nrog kev xa khoom tsis sib xws - tsis pub dhau 10 hnub. Cov kev cai rau cov khoom puas tsuaj yog tib yam.

Kev lees txais yog suav tias yog qhov tseeb thiab raws sijhawm yog tias kuaj xyuas qhov zoo thiab cov khoom tau muab tso rau hauv lub tsev rau khoom raws sijhawm.

Npaj muag

theem no suav nrog kev txheeb xyuas, tshem tawm, ntim khoom, ntxuav, ironing, ntim thiab sau cov khoom. Tus naj npawb ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem npaj nyob ntawm seb qhov kev npaj ua ntej ntawm cov khoom thaum lub sij hawm tau txais, qhov nyuaj, cov npe thiablwm yam.

Thaum lub sij hawm unpacking, cov khoom raug tso tawm los ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntim, sorted thiab pab pawg neeg raws li cov khoom kab, ntxuav cov plua plav, los tiv thaiv corrosion thiab cov kab mob. Yog tias tsim nyog, cov teeb meem me me raug tshem tawm. Tag nrho cov haujlwm saum toj no yuav tsum tau ua hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb nrog cov khoom tsim nyog.

Cov khoom xaws, uas twb tau npaj rau kev muag khoom, tau txheeb xyuas qhov siab thiab qhov loj. Lawv yog ironed thiab ntxuav. Rau ironing, ib chav yuav tsum tau faib, nyob rau hauv uas muaj ironing boards. Silk thiab woolen fabrics yog ntsuas ua ntej yuav nteg tawm nyob rau hauv lub trading pem teb, thiab ces dov mus rau tshwj xeeb boards, nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog tsab xov xwm, nqe thiab hom ntawm cov khoom yog muab tso rau.

Me me hlau haberdashery yog prepackaged hauv hnab ntawm 10, 15 thiab 20 daim. Lace thiab ribbons raug mob ntawm cov ntawv tshwj xeeb los yog plywood daim hlau.

Yuav npaj cov tshuaj tsw qab rau muag, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo xyuas lub ntim kom tsis txhob muaj qhov tsis xws luag. Ua ntej xa cov yeeb yaj kiab, duab thiab cov cuab yeej tso tawm mus rau hauv pem teb kev lag luam, koj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas lawv rau kev ua haujlwm. Cov khoom siv suab paj nruag yuav tsum raug kho. Cov tsheb kauj vab thiab tsheb kauj vab tau ntxuav cov roj, ua kom tiav, sib dhos thiab sim ua haujlwm.

Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom noj tuaj hauv ntau thiab npaj txhij hauv khw. Qhov no siv rau confectionery thiab khoom noj khoom haus, nrog rau zaub thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov khw ntim lawv siv qhov yooj yim tshaj plawskev teeb tsa lossis ntawm lub desktop dial nplai hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb. Qhov chaw no yuav tsum nyob ze rau cov khoom khaws cia. Lub chaw ntim khoom ua haujlwm tau nruab nrog cov khoom ntim khoom thiab cov khoom siv cuam tshuam.

Ua ntej cov khoom xa tuaj rau hauv lub tsev, lawv tau sau npe thiab muab tso rau hauv pob tawb, tais, lub thawv trolley lossis lwm lub thawv tsim nyog.