Aluminium qib: hom, khoom thiab daim ntawv thov

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Hnub no, txhuas tau siv nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua qhov kev lag luam, los ntawm kev tsim khoom noj khoom haus mus rau kev tsim cov fuselages spacecraft. Rau qee cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, tsuas yog qee qib ntawm aluminium yog qhov tsim nyog, uas muaj qee yam ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov hlau yog cov thermal conductivity, ductility thiab ductility, tsis kam mus corrosion, lub teeb yuag thiab tsawg ohmic kuj. Lawv ncaj qha nyob ntawm qhov feem pua ntawm impurities nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv technology ntawm ntau lawm los yog enrichment. Raws li qhov no, cov qib tseem ceeb ntawm aluminium yog qhov txawv.

Nyob ntawm aluminium

Txhua qib hlau tau piav qhia thiab suav nrog hauv ib qho kev lees paub hauv tebchaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv: European EN, American ASTM thiab thoob ntiaj teb ISO. Nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, txhuas qib yog txhais los ntawm GOST 11069 thiab 4784. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv, txhuas thiab nws alloys yog xam cais. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov hlau nws tus kheej yog subdividedtshwj xeeb rau cov qib, thiab cov alloys tsis muaj cov cim tshwj xeeb.

Raws li lub teb chaws thiab thoob ntiaj teb cov qauv, ob yam ntawm unalloyed aluminium microstructure yuav tsum txawv:

• High purity nrog feem pua ntawm 99.95%;
• qib txuj ci, muaj txog 1% impurities thiab additives.

Hlau thiab silicon tebchaw feem ntau suav hais tias yog impurities. Tus txheej txheem ISO thoob ntiaj teb muaj cov khoom sib cais rau txhuas thiab nws cov alloys.

qib aluminium

Hom kev siv ntawm cov khoom raug muab faib ua qee qib, uas tau muab rau cov qauv tsim, piv txwv li, AD0 raws li GOST 4784-97. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, high-frequency hlau kuj muaj nyob rau hauv kev faib, thiaj li tsis mus tsim tsis meej pem. Qhov kev qhia tshwj xeeb no muaj cov qib hauv qab no:

1. Primary (A5, A95, A7E).
2. Technical (AD1, AD000, ADS).
3. Deformable (AMg2, D1).
4. Foundry (VAL10M, AK12pch).
5. For steel deoxidation (AV86, AV97F).

Ntxiv mus, muaj pawg ntawm ligatures - aluminium compounds uas yog siv los tsim cov alloys los ntawm kub, nyiaj, platinum thiab lwm yam hlau muaj nuj nqis.

thawj aluminium

Primary txhuas (qib A5) yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm pawg no. Nws yog tau los ntawm enrichment ntawm alumina. Hauv qhov xwm txheej, cov hlau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab tsis pom vim nws cov tshuaj lom neeg siab. Ua ke nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus, nws tsim bauxites, nephelines thiab alunites. Tom qab ntawd, alumina yog tau los ntawm cov ores, thiab los ntawm nws, nrog kev pab los ntawm complex tshuajCov txheej txheem lub cev - ntshiab aluminium.

GOST 11069 tsim cov kev cai rau cov qib ntawm thawj aluminium, uas yuav tsum tau cim los ntawm kev siv cov kab txaij ntsug thiab kab rov tav nrog cov xim tsis muaj xim ntawm ntau yam xim. Cov khoom siv no tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam siab heev, feem ntau yog qhov yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv raw khoom siab.

Technical aluminium

Technical txhuas yog cov khoom siv nrog feem pua ntawm cov impurities txawv teb chaws tsawg dua 1%. Feem ntau nws tseem hu ua unalloyed. Cov qib kev kawm ntawm txhuas raws li GOST 4784-97 yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm lub zog qis, tab sis siab corrosion kuj. Vim tias tsis muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke, cov yeeb yaj kiab oxide tiv thaiv tau tsim sai sai rau ntawm cov hlau, uas ruaj khov.

Technical aluminium qib yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov zoo thermal thiab hluav taws xob conductivity. Nyob rau hauv lawv cov lattice molecular, muaj suab tsis muaj impurities uas tawg cov electron ntws. Vim cov khoom no, cov khoom siv tau nquag siv hauv kev ntsuas, hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv cua sov thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv teeb pom kev zoo.

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Wrought aluminium yog cov khoom siv ua haujlwm kub thiab txias: dov, nias, kos duab thiab lwm yam. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov yas deformations, semi-tiav cov khoom ntawm ntau yam longitudinal seem tau txais los ntawm nws: txhuas pas nrig, ntawv,daim kab xev, phaj, profiles thiab lwm yam.

Lub npe tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv deformable siv hauv kev tsim khoom hauv tsev tau muab rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tswj hwm: GOST 4784, OCT1 92014-90, OCT1 90048 thiab OCT1 90026. Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw khoom deformable yog cov qauv khoom ntawm kev daws teeb meem nrog cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm eutectic - cov theem ua kua uas nyob hauv qhov sib npaug nrog ob lossis ntau lub xeev ntawm cov teeb meem.

Cov peev txheej ntawm wrought aluminium, nrog rau qhov uas siv cov pas nrig aluminium, yog qhov dav heev. Nws yog siv ob qho tib si hauv thaj chaw uas xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab los ntawm cov khoom siv - hauv nkoj thiab dav hlau kev tsim kho, thiab ntawm cov chaw tsim kho raws li cov alloy rau vuam.

Cas aluminium

Casting qib ntawm aluminium yog siv los tsim cov khoom fittings. Lawv lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov ntsiab lus siab thiab qis ntom ntom, uas tso cai rau casting cov duab ua tsis muaj kev tawg.

Raws li lawv lub hom phiaj, cov qib foundry raug muab faib ua pawg:

1. Cov ntaub ntawv kaw ntom ntom (AL2, AL9, AL4M).
2. Cov khoom siv nrog lub zog siab thiab kub ua haujlwm (AL 19, AL5, AL33).
3. Cov khoom muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion siab.

Ntau zaus, kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv cam khwb cia yog txhim kho los ntawm ntau hom kev kho cua sov.

Aluminium rau deoxidation

rau qhov zoontawm cov khoom tsim los kuj cuam tshuam los ntawm lub cev muaj zog ntawm aluminium. Thiab kev siv cov qib qis ntawm cov khoom siv tsis txwv rau kev tsim cov khoom semi-tiav. Feem ntau nws yog siv los deoxidize steel - tshem tawm cov pa oxygen los ntawm cov hlau molten, uas yog yaj nyob rau hauv nws thiab yog li ua rau kom cov neeg kho tshuab zog ntawm cov hlau. Txhawm rau ua tiav cov txheej txheem no, cov khoom siv feem ntau yog AV86 thiab AV97F.