Tub rog-kev lag luam complex, kev lag luam hauv Russia: kev tso kawm nta thiab piav qhia

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Tag nrho cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex kev lag luam ua ke tsim ib txoj hauv kev uas ua kom muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lub teb chaws loj. Lub complex suav nrog txhua lub koom haum, cov koom haum thiab kev lag luam koom nrog ntau theem ntawm kev tsim cov khoom kawg - los ntawm kev txhim kho thiab rho tawm cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb rau kev sib dhos ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov tshuab.

Russian tub rog-kev lag luam complex lag luam tom qab USSR

Lub teb chaws tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm USSR ib qho kev ua tub rog loj-kev lag luam, suav nrog ntau pua lub tuam txhab tsim khoom thiab chaw tshawb fawb. Nyob rau hauv tus account cov neeg hauv tsev neeg, yuav luag txhua tus pej xeem thib kaum ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation tau koom nrog kev ua tub rog-kev lag luam complex kev lag luam kom txog rau thaum tsis ntev los no. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Soviet Union, txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas ntsib lub complex yog hloov dua siab tshiab.

Tau ntau tshaj li ob xyoo lawm, cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex cov tuam txhab tau sim nrog tag nrho lawv lub peev xwm los cob qhia rau kev tsim cov khoom siv pej xeem, tab sis tsuas yog ob peb tus tau ua tiav. Ntau lub tuam txhab raug kaw, qee qhov pib tsim cov khoom siv dual-siv, thiab qee qhov tuaj yeem ua tiavkov yeej qhov kev kub ntxhov ntev thiab mus txog qib tshiab ntawm kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov khoom siv tub rog.

Geographic nta ntawm complex

Lub kaw lus ntawm tub rog-kev lag luam complex kev lag luam uas tau tsim nyob rau hauv Union tau npog tag nrho cov nroog loj hauv lub tebchaws. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm suav nrog cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv thiab cov chaw tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb kaw hauv cov saw hlau ntawm cov khoom siv pej xeem.

Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv Soviet tub rog-kev lag luam complex - kaw cov nroog, uas tshwm sim los ntawm tsoomfwv txoj kev xav nrog kev zais cia. Cov nroog zoo li no tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim khoom lossis kev tsim kho ntawm ib hom khoom tiv thaiv.

Kaw formations ntawm Chelyabinsk cheeb tsam, tsim nyob ib ncig ntawm nuclear kev lag luam kev lag luam, tuaj yeem ua tus piv txwv tiag tiag ntawm cov nroog zoo li no. Lub koom haum tsim khoom "Mayak", nyob hauv lub nroog Ozersk, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov riam phom-qib plutonium. Nyob rau hauv tib cheeb tsam, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub nroog tsim ntawm Trekhgorny, muaj ib tug instrument-ua cog tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm atomic foob pob. Txoj kev tswj hwm tshwj xeeb hauv cov nroog no tseem raug tswj xyuas txawm tias tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm USSR.

Txoj hauv paus ntsiab lus

Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tso chaw ntawm tub rog-kev lag luam complex yog qhov ntau ntawm lawv sib npaug. Qhov qub txeeg qub teg ntawm lub Soviet Union tau tsim los ntawm kev xav tau los tsim cov khoom tsim nyog nyob rau hauv rooj plaub lub tuam txhab tseem ceeb raug rhuav tshem los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej niaj hnub no, xws li kev sib tshooj tau dhau los ua tsis tau thiab tau ua raucov nqi ntxiv hauv kev txhim kho tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv complex.

Ntxiv nrog rau txoj cai ntawm kev sib tw, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ruaj ntseg kuj tseem ceeb, raws li cov tuam txhab lag luam nyob ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm lub xeev ciam teb. Yog li kev xaiv ntawm Urals thiab Siberia ua qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau qhov chaw ntawm cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex kev lag luam.

Qhov thib peb hauv kev xaiv qhov chaw ntawm cov tuam txhab tseem ceeb yog cov kev cog lus thoob ntiaj teb, raws li Russia muaj cai tsim cov foob pob hluav taws nyob ib puag ncig Moscow. Nws yog lub peev xwm los xyuas kom meej qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tswv yim tswv yim uas coj mus rau lub creation ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex tuam txhab uas muag nyob rau hauv Moscow. Feem ntau cov tuam txhab lag luam hauv Moscow thiab thaj av tau koom nrog kev txhim kho cov tshuab thev naus laus zis thiab cov complexes, txawm tias nws yog electronics thiab automation, optics thiab tswj systems.

Avia kev lag luam ntawm daim duab qhia ntawm Russia

Kev lag luam chaw thiab kev lag luam dav hlau tau ua lub hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws kev tiv thaiv muaj peev xwm, nws lub koob meej thiab kev sib tw nrog lwm lub ntiaj teb lub zog rau ntau xyoo lawm.

Qhov kev lag luam no xav tau ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog txaus siab rau cov nyiaj hli siab thiab lub neej zoo. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm aircraft tsim lag luam ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog-kev lag luam complex yog concentrated nyob rau hauv loj lub zos - scientific thiab kev kawm cov chaw.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb kev lag luam koom nrog kev txhim kho aviation technology nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Moscow, thiab cheeb tsam Volga yog nto moo rau nws cov chaw tsim khoom,Kev ua haujlwm hauv Samara thiab Nizhny Novgorod. Lub ntiaj teb nto moo Black Shark nyoob hoom qav taub yog tsim nyob rau hauv Primorsky Territory, nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Arseniev, qhov twg ib tug loj helicopter cog tau nyob rau ntau xyoo lawm.

Spaceports thiab Lub Hom Phiaj Tswjhwm

Raws li kev lag luam ntawm qhov chaw lag luam, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm lawv yog Baikonur Cosmodrome, nyob hauv Kazakhstan. Russia siv nws los ntawm kev xauj tsev. Txoj kev ua tub rog-kev lag luam complex lag luam nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Russia yog vim muaj keeb kwm ntawm Soviet era, uas yog, qhov tseeb, nws yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua tsov rog txias ntawm ob txoj kev nom kev tswv.

Lub chaw tswj hwm rau txhua qhov chaw ya davhlau nrog tib neeg kev koom tes yog nyob hauv Korolev, ze Moscow. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob lub cosmodromes nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm lub tebchaws, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm hnub no yog Plesetsk.

Roj thiab tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam

Kev ua tau zoo thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog yog qhov xav tsis thoob yam tsis muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov khoom siv, mos txwv thiab roj. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li cov tub rog xav tau, ntau lub tuam txhab tau tsim los xyuas kom muaj cov roj thiab cov roj nplua nyeem.

Nws yog nyob rau hauv ntu no uas kev tiv thaiv txoj haujlwm yog ze li sai tau rau cov lag luam ntawm cov kev lag luam ib txwm muaj, txij li cov roj cav thiab cov roj lubricants yog qhov xav tau zoo hauv lub neej txhua hnub.

Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev tsim cov roj foob pob hluav taws, uas yuav tsum muaj ntau rau ob qho tib si hauv kev lag luam thiab cov foob pob hluav taws, tshwj xeebcov lag luam. Thoob plaws xyoo 1990, cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm foob pob hluav taws roj tau yuav hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, tab sis nyob rau hauv 2016 lub tuam txhab tshiab tau tsim nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Nizhny Novgorod, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov hydrazine. Yog li, cov npe ntawm cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex lag luam tau rov ua dua nrog lwm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom.

Daim npe ntawm cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv

Cov tuam txhab tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm Russia yog: Rostec, Oboronprom, Uralvagonzavod, Izhevsk Tshuab-Lub Tsev Cog, Motovilikha Nroj Tsuag, Nizhny Novgorod Tshuab-Lub Tsev Cog.

Kev txhawj xeeb xws li Sukhoi, Almaz-Antey, Severnaya Verf tau paub dav txawm tias cov neeg tsis cuam tshuam txog kev lag luam tiv thaiv.

Summarizing, nws tsim nyog hais tias thaj chaw ntawm cov tub rog-kev lag luam complex kev lag luam yog dav heev thiab suav nrog yuav luag txhua lub nroog loj hauv lub tebchaws, nrog rau ntau lub nroog kaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov lag luam ntawm kev tiv thaiv complex suav nrog ntau lub koom haum tshawb fawb, mos txwv factories thiab roj complexes. Ntau lub lag luam muaj ob txoj hauv kev siv.

Yog li, txoj kev ua tub rog-kev lag luam nyuaj ua lag luam nyob hauv thaj chaw ntawm Russia tau txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm thaj chaw lossis kev lag luam thiab kev xa khoom, tab sis kuj yog los ntawm keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm Tsov Rog Txias.