Kev Lag Luam ntawm Latvia: textile, khaub ncaws, khoom siv tes ua amber. Riga Carriage Works. Kev lag luam zaub mov lag luam

2024 Tus sau: Howard Calhoun | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 10:28

Ntau vim qee qhov tsis ncaj ncees ntseeg tias Latvia yog lub tebchaws uas yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi tsim tawm. Yog lawm, hmoov tsis zoo, tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm Soviet Union, lub xeev B altic me me no tau ntsib teeb meem kev lag luam loj heev vim muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam uas tau tsim kom pom tseeb ntau xyoo nrog rau lwm cov qub Soviet koom pheej. Txawm li cas los xij, niaj hnub no peb tuaj yeem ntseeg tau tias kev lag luam Latvian tseem muaj sia nyob thiab txawm tias pom cov cim ntawm kev loj hlob. Peb yuav xav txog cov ncauj lus no kom ntxaws ntau li ntau tau hauv kab lus.

Khoom noj khoom haus thiab textiles

Lub teeb thiab zaub mov kev lag luam yog cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws kev lag luam ntawm lub xeev Latvian uas tau maj mam nce lawv lub zog hauv xyoo tas los no. Yog lawm, cov txheej txheem no tsis tau nrawm npaum li peb xav tau, tab sis qhov kev hloov pauv tseem zoo, thiab Riga knitwear tau pib muag tsis yog hauv Latvia nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj nyob rau lwm lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias kev tsim khoom noj thiab dej haus muab ib lub hlis twg ntawm lub teb chaws cov nyiaj tau los tag nrho. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau thiab ntau zaus hauv khw muag khoom koj tuaj yeem pom cov khoom hauv zos uas yav dhau los tuaj ntawm txawv teb chaws. kev lag luam zaub movLatvia yog sawv cev ntawm kev lag luam hauv tsev los ntawm cov players tseem ceeb hauv qab no: Rīgas piena kombināts, Dobeles dzirnavnieks, Antaris, Rīgas dzirnavnieks, Aloja-starkelsen, Cido grupa, B alticovo, Puratos, Spilve.

Ua haujlwm hauv Latvia hauv kev lag luam khoom noj yog tsom rau kev xa tawm ruaj khov ntawm cov cheese nyuaj, butter, mis nyuj, cov ntses hauv kaus poom, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo npaj, pickles, nplej thiab nqaij cov khoom, khoom qab zib, dej cawv thiab tsis muaj cawv. Tag nrho cov no tau muab txawm tias rau Tebchaws Meskas, South Africa, UAE. Tsis tas li ntawd, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia yog cov koom tes tas li hauv kev tsim khoom noj khoom haus.

Raws li kev lag luam teeb pom kev zoo, tsis muaj cov tuam txhab loj hauv ntu ntawm kev lag luam hauv Latvia. Qhov tsuas yog kev zam yog lub Hoobkas Lauma. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, textile sector muab txog 4% ntawm lub teb chaws cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev lag luam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov neeg tsim khoom hauv zos tau rov hais dua tias lawv muaj peev xwm ua kom qhov ntim ntawm cov zis ntau ntxiv, tab sis muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsim nyog. Cov tuam txhab nto moo tshaj plaws yog Stora Enso Latvija, Verems, Gaujas koks, Pata AB, BSW, Latsin.

Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim cov textiles tuaj yeem raug hu ua kev tsim cov ris tsho hauv qab zoo nkauj, zoo thiab tsim qauv uas tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm ntau lub rooj sib tham thoob ntiaj teb ob sab Europe thiab hauv Lavxias Federation. Cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm Latvia twb tau txais kev lees paub thoob ntiaj teb, vim tias lawv feem ntau koom nrog ntau yam kev ua yeeb yam. Riga knitwear tau lees paub los ntawm ntau tusCov khoom lag luam zoo rau cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb.

Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev xaws khaub ncaws loj ntawm Latvia yog tias lawv ua tiav lawv cov xaj sai heev. Qhov no ua tau vim qhov tseeb tias cov chaw tsim khoom siv cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub no: high-precision laser txiav ntawm fabrics, txiav luv luv thiab tsim cov ntaub tsis muaj dej.

Kev tsim cov ntawv thiab cov khoom lag luam

Kev lag luam Latvian kuj suav nrog kev lag luam pulp. Qhov kev lag luam no muab cov nyiaj tau los rau lub xeev cov peev nyiaj hauv tus nqi ntawm 2% ntawm qhov ntim ntawm tag nrho cov kev lag luam uas twb muaj lawm. Txawm tias muaj ib tug me me daim duab, lub Latvian luam ntawv kev lag luam qhia tau hais tias nws yog heev sib tw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kev ua lag luam. Tam sim no muaj cov qauv zoo: Cov neeg tsim ntawv Latvian tau nce siab tshiab, pib muag lawv cov khoom lag luam ib puag ncig tsis yog rau cov tebchaws nyob sib ze Scandinavian xwb, tab sis kuj mus rau sab hnub poob ntau ntawm cov teb chaws Europe.

tshuaj lom neeg kev lag luam

Qhov kev taw qhia ntawm kev lag luam hauv tebchaws no muab yuav luag 3% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom muaj nyob hauv lub tebchaws. Lub koom pheej ntawm Latvia tsim ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsev thiab cov pa roj. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog muab rau kev tsim cov roj lom neeg. Cov neeg koom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv ntu kev lag luam no tuaj yeem suav tias yog Riga Paint thiab Varnish Plant, Tenachem, Bio-Venta, Stenders. Lub teb chaws tsim cov xim, primers, adhesives - tag nrho cov no yog tsim los ntawm 14 Latvian tuam txhab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tuam txhab tshuaj lom neeg ntawm lub xeev tsim cov khoom vaj khoom tsev, cov vuas luaj ceramic, cov khoom siv gypsum.

Lub koom haum Latvian ntawm Inorganic Chemistry ua cov kev tshawb fawb tshwj xeeb uas tso cai rau kev txhim kho ntawm qhov kub thiab txias kom thiaj li tau txais nanopowders.

Pharmacology

Qhov tiag "titans" ntawm qhov kev lag luam no suav tias yog cov tuam txhab Olainfarm thiab Grindeks. Lawv cov khoom tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim hauv txhua lub tsev muag tshuaj hauv lub tebchaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tuam txhab Silvanols pib ua haujlwm ntawm lawv lub pob taws. Kev lag luam kws tshuaj them 2.5% ntawm nws cov khoom lag luam txhua xyoo rau lub xeev cov nyiaj txiag.

Lub koom haum ntawm Organic Synthesis kuj suav hais tias yog tus tsim khoom loj ntawm kev lag luam. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, kev lag luam tshuaj, feem ntau, tau xaiv lub tswv yim txhim kho raws li cov kev taw qhia ntawm kev pheej hmoo tsawg (kev txhim kho thiab tsim cov khoom lag luam thiab khoom noj khoom haus).

Kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb yuav tsum tau them rau lub tuam txhab Silvanols, uas tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov tshuaj hauv khw muag khoom, uas yog raws li cov khoom xyaw tshwj xeeb. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej lub tuam txhab Pharmidea, uas tsim cov ntawv tsis muaj menyuam rau kev txhaj tshuaj.

Yog tias peb hais txog kev tshawb nrhiav caj ces, tom qab ntawd hauv Latvia ua haujlwm hauv cov lus qhia no tau ua tiav, ib tus tuaj yeem hais nruj raws li txoj cai ntawm lub tebchaws. Txhua yam tshiab tuaj yeem sau npe thiab tom qab ntawd cov ntaub ntawv patent tuaj yeem tau txais ntawm Patent Office of the Republic.

Kev thauj mus los

Latvian cov tuam txhab thauj khoom yog heevtsim ua tsaug rau kev npaj logistics zoo ntawm lub xeev. Nws tsuas yog siv sijhawm 48 teev kom ncav cuag 25 lab tus neeg siv khoom thoob plaws thaj tsam B altic. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau los ntawm Riga mus rau Tuam Tshoj tuaj yeem taug kev ib hlis sai dua li txoj kev hla hiav txwv luv tshaj plaws. Thiab los ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Riga koj tuaj yeem mus txog yuav luag ib puas lub ntsiab lus ntawm daim ntawv qhia ntiaj teb, thiab kev ya davhlau tsis yog nyob hauv Europe xwb, tab sis kuj hla Atlantic.

Chaw nres nkoj xws li Ventspils thiab Liepaja tsis khov txawm tias lub caij ntuj no, uas ua rau lawv tuaj yeem tau txais cov roj av thiab cov khoom siv roj txhua xyoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cheeb tsam kev lag luam tshwj xeeb tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov chaw nres nkoj no los tsim cov kev nyiam tshaj plaws rau kev ua lag luam thiab nyiam kev nqis peev. Qhov zoo dua ntawm cov rooj vag dej hiav txwv no yog tias lawv muaj peev xwm loj heev hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tsis tau tsim kho.

Kuj, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia yog kev sib tshuam los ntawm txoj kev thauj mus los thoob ntiaj teb hu ua Via B altica. Cov chaw tseem ceeb yog kev txhim kho thiab kev tsim kho cov chaw logistics rau kev faib cov tsheb khiav, cov chaw ua si.

khoom siv roj hmab thiab yas

Kev lag luam ntawm Latvia, uas yog kev tsim cov roj hmab thiab cov khoom siv yas, feem ntau yog taw qhia rau cov neeg siv khoom hauv zos, uas tau piav qhia los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom. Nws yuav yog qhov tsim nyog kom nco ntsoov tias qhov kev lag luam no tsuas yog ib qho uas muaj peev xwm los npog tag nrhoqhov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg yuav khoom hauv tsev, vim tias nws muaj peev xwm tsis kam xa tawm hauv cov lus qhia no. Kev tsim cov roj hmab thiab cov yas ua rau nws tuaj yeem pab txhawb 2.3% ntawm tag nrho cov nyiaj tau los rau hauv lub xeev cov nyiaj txiag.

Evopipes, Rotons, Poliurs, B altijas gumijas fabrika, Sunningdale Tech, Fedak-Films, HGF Riga.

Information and Communication Technology

Qhov kev lag luam ntawm Latvian kev lag luam pib nws txoj kev loj hlob nyob rau xyoo 1960. Nws yog lub sijhawm ntawd lub koom haum ntawm lej thiab Computer Science tau qhib, nrog rau lub koom haum ntawm Electronics. Latvia tau txuas nrog World Wide Web hauv xyoo 1992. Raws li xyoo 2016, cov koom pheej ntawm Latvia tau nkag mus rau kaum lub xeev uas muaj kev sib txuas hauv Is Taws Nem siab tshaj plaws, thiab cov kev pabcuam nws tus kheej muaj rau 90% ntawm cov pejxeem hauv zos.

Lub ntsiab sub-sectors ntawm lub teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv sector tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog kev txhim kho software, ntau yam kev siv mobile, kev them nyiaj, hosting, thiab tsim cov e-commerce.

Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais tau hais tias xyoo 2015 ntau dua 6,000 lub tuam txhab tau koom nrog cov ntaub ntawv ntu ntawm lub tebchaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsuas yog 114 ntawm lawv tau koom nrog kev tsim cov khoom siv computer. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv IT-sphere muaj ntau dua 28,000 tus neeg. Cov koom tes ua lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm Latvia hauv thoob ntiaj teb arena yog Sweden thiab M alta.

Nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws B altic no, ib qho ntawm cov kev pabcuam e-lag luam feem ntau yogInternet banking, vim muaj ntau lub tsev txhab nyiaj Latvian tau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo hauv lawv txoj haujlwm.

Tsis tas li, kev tsim cov ntawv thov txawb thiab cov khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob rau tsoomfwv, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv, thiab cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog tau suav hais tias yog ib qho kev cog lus hauv lub tebchaws.

Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 2012, lub chaw IT tau qhib hauv Riga, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb uas yog muab sijhawm rau txhua tus kom paub txog cov kev ua tiav tshiab ntawm cov haujlwm. Lub tsev haujlwm no twb tau mus xyuas los ntawm cov neeg coob coob, suav nrog tsoomfwv cov neeg sawv cev los ntawm lwm lub tebchaws.

Metalworking thiab mechanical engineering

Latvian kev lag luam tsuas yog xav tsis thoob yam tsis muaj kev tsim kho tshuab thiab kev ua hlau. Qhov kev lag luam ntawm kev lag luam no yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws, vim muaj ntau lub tuam txhab txawv teb chaws tau nqis peev rau nws.

Kev lag luam siv cov thev naus laus zis siab, tab sis cov txheej txheem ib txwm tsis hnov qab. Txog niaj hnub no, Latvian cov tuam txhab tau ua tiav kev tsim kho tshiab txhawm rau tsim kev tsim cov khoom lag luam xa tawm.

Nyob rau xyoo 2015, mechanical engineering thiab metalworking tau muab lub xeev 1.1 billion euros rau lub txhab nyiaj, thiab hauv 2016 daim duab no twb muaj txog 3.3 billion. Ntau tshaj 70% ntawm cov khoom raug xa tawm txawv teb chaws. Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb yog: Estonia, Russia, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Sweden, Denmark.

Daim ntawv cog lus ntev thiab kev tshaj lij tau kos npe ntau vim tias feem ntau ntawm cov tuam txhab Latvian tau txais ISO 9000 daim ntawv pov thawj zoo.

Lub Riga Carriage Ua Haujlwm tsim nyog tau txais kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Nws tau tsimXyoo 1985 los ntawm Oskar Freiwirth. Lub tuam txhab tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab diesel tsheb ciav hlau, tsheb ciav hlau hauv nroog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag kuj tau tsim kho cov khoom siv railway. Txawm li cas los xij, hmoov tsis, xyoo 1997, lub tuam txhab legendary tau tshaj tawm tias tsis muaj nyiaj txiag, thiab nws cov cuab yeej raug muag. Niaj hnub no, cov nroj tsuag rov ua haujlwm dua, thiab nws cov tsheb ciav hlau diesel DR1B tau lees paub tias yog cov khoom xa tawm zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Latvia xyoo 2005.

Kev ua haujlwm hauv hav zoov Latvian yog qhov tseeb, kev pabcuam pej xeem, txij li kwv yees li 50% ntawm tag nrho cov hav zoov hauv lub tebchaws yog muaj thiab tswj los ntawm lub xeev. Hauv 80 xyoo dhau los, thaj tsam ntawm cov hav zoov hauv lub tebchaws tau yuav luag ob npaug. Latvian hav zoov nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw zoo dua piv rau lwm lub ntiaj teb cov hav zoov vim tias lawv qhov xwm txheej zoo heev thiab thaj chaw hauv qab cog tau nce zuj zus.

Kwv yees li 75% ntawm cov khoom siv ntoo raug xa tawm. Hauv xyoo 2015, cov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev muag khoom ntawm cov khoom ntoo thiab cov khoom siv raw yog 2 billion euros. Ntxiv nrog rau sawn ntoo thiab ntoo puag ncig, qhov ntim ntawm kev xa tawm ntawm cov duab los qhia, ntawv, cov thawv ntoo, cov khoom siv hauv tsev pib nce.

Cov neeg siv khoom tseem ceeb ntawm kev lag luam cov khoom lag luam yog UK, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Sweden, uas yuav khoom los ntawm Avoti SWF, Daiļrade koks, Elīza-K, Pinus GB thiab lwm yam.

jewelry & Cosmetics

Jewellery kev lag luam hauv Latvia kujheev tsim. Kev lig kev cai ntawm Latvian masters tau khaws cia rau hnub no. Koj tuaj yeem kawm qhov teeb meem me me ntawm Latvian Academy of Arts, cov tsev kawm hauv Ventspils, Kraslava, Jelgava. Amber cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm B altic Hiav Txwv muaj tus nqi tshwj xeeb thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ib puag ncig kev tshaj lij thiab cov neeg siv khoom. Tom qab cua daj cua dub ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qab teb ntawm Ventspils hauv Latvia, cov neeg nyiam cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub feem ntau sau cov pob zeb no. Feem ntau, keeb kwm, txoj kev amber khiav hla Latvia los ntawm B altic mus rau Rome. Tsis tas li ntawd, amber hniav nyiaj hniav kub nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog siv nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov accessories thiab textiles.

Nws tseem tsim nyog sau cia tias lub tebchaws B altic no yog lub tsev rau ntau tus neeg siv khoom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj uas txuas ntxiv cov kev coj noj coj ua ntawm lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv.

Dzintars tshuaj pleev ib ce tsim nyog ib zaj dab neeg tshwj xeeb. Lub tuam txhab no nyob hauv Riga. Nws qhov tshwj xeeb yog tsim cov naj hoom, tshuaj ntsuab, tshuaj pleev ib ce. Pab neeg no ntiav txog 400 tus neeg.

Lub sijhawm txij xyoo 1998 txog 2004, lub tuam txhab tau hloov kho, ua tsaug uas nws tau txais daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm lub tuam txhab tshawb xyuas German. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tuam txhab tau ntev muaj cov ntaub ntawv lees paub qhov zoo ntawm nws cov khoom - ISO 14001, ISO 9001 thiab ISO / IEC 17025. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tuam txhab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Txawj Ntse. Thiab xyoo 2010, Dzintars cov kws tshaj lij tau txais daim ntawv tso cai thoob ntiaj teb Ecocert.